Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was a Chinese statesman and strategist who lived through the collapse of the Eastern Han dynasty and became the principal architect of the Shu Han state. He served
Ming Dynasty illustration of Zhuge Liang
Zhang Feng's painting (1654) depicting Zhuge Liang reclining on a daybed
The painting Kongming Leaving the Mountains (detail, Ming dynasty) depicts Zhuge Liang (left, on a horse) leaving his rustic retreat to enter into the service of Liu Bei (right, on a horse).
Liu Bei declares himself king, portrait at the Long Corridor of the Summer Palace, Beijing.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century Chinese historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. Its narrative covers events from the decline of the Han dynasty and the Yellow Turban Rebellion to
Zhuge Liang
…in 234 at the Wuzhang Plains while on campaign and was posthumously honored as Marquis Zhongwu. His legacy was immortalized in the 14th-century novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which portrays him as a near-sage embodiment of wisdom and loyalty. The authoritative historical source on Zhuge Liang's life is his biography in…
Title pages from a 1591 printed edition of the novel
Pages from chapter one of Li Zhuowu's (late Ming dynasty) commentary edition of the novel, which includes Li's comments describing Liu Bei, e.g. "He is a hero in the world"
Illustrations from Li Zhuowu's commentary edition: "Dong Zhuo burns the Changle Palace [in Luoyang]" (left) and "Three heroes [Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei] fight Lü Bu" (right)
A 2-page illustration from Zhou Yue's 1591 edition: "Guan Yu Traveled One Thousand Li Alone". Guan Yu is depicted on his horse Red Hare