1.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
2.
Merlimau
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Merlimau is a mukim in Jasin District, Malacca, Malaysia. It used to be the main town travelers passed when traveling south of Peninsular Malaysia and it was then bypassed until more shophouses were constructed. Merlimau is between Melaka Town and Muar, there are housing areas in Merlimau and in nearby areas such as Air Tawar and Batu Gajah. The area along the Merlimau-Jasin road has become a place of residence for students of Merlimau Polytechnics, there are two secondary schools, the Sekolah Datuk Rahman Yaakub and Sekolah Dang Anum were established as early as the 1960s. The interchange with PLUS southern expressway was opened at Lipat Kajang, politically, Merlimau town is in parliament constituency of P139 Jasin, and Melaka State Legislative Hall of N27 Merlimau. The N27 area consists of seven ballot boxes areas, namely Ayer Merbau, Chincin, Jasin Lalang, Merlimau Utara, Merlimau Pasir, Permatang Serai, since independence at parliamentary and state level, as many other parts of Malaysia, Merlimau has never been won by opposition parties. Merlimau has a Fire Brigade and post-office facilities, the police station is about 1 km down south on the road to Muar. The post-office facilities are right on the centre of the old town, on the side of the road leading to Batu Gajah. It said the Malays are very good at playing first special dagger weapons and they strive exercises held, or the art of self-defense berpencak every day. Each one has a dagger as a weapon brought everywhere they go to defend themselves, way is to keep it rubbed and dilimau. This means they must be rubbed with a dagger and ordered incense with lime, kris merlimau tradition is still there among the Malay community that holds the keris its distinctive heritage. This ceremony is called Keris Merlimau Ceremony, every Friday night they must dilimau dagger. In this ceremony they gathered at the home Of Master to melimau dagger and they replied, Interlocking Melimau, Interlocking Melimau and finally the place was called Merlimau. The forest was inhabited by animals, especially tigers, which have threaten many newcomers. As a result, the rich Datuk led their people to build the fence, in Malay, they used to call mara rimau constructed the fence, to hold rimau from mara. Because of this life-threatening situations, they named this place as Rimau Mara, Mara Rimau, the famous historical Demang Abdul Ghani Gallery is located here. About three kilometers away in Kampung Simpang, visitors can also have a look at the Tun Teja Mausoleum, the Tun Teja story goes back to the Malacca sultanate era. Merlimau is 30 minutes away from the North-South Expressway, a four-lane highway opened in June 2007 and this highway known as Lebuh AMJ links Simpang Ampat in Alor Gajah and Muar in Johor
3.
Malacca
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Malacca, dubbed The Historic State, is a state in Malaysia and located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west, the exclave of Tanjung Tuan also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. This historical city centre has listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, the head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor, rather than a Sultan. Before the arrival of the first Sultan, Malacca was a village inhabited by local Malays known as Orang Laut. Malacca was founded by Parameswara, also known as Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara and he found his way to Malacca around 1400 where he found a good port—it was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. According to a legend, Parameswara was resting under a tree near a river during a hunt. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river, impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a propitious omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided then and there to found an empire on that very spot. He named it Melaka after the tree where he had just taken shelter at, prominent Malaysian artist Syed Thajudeen visually depicted the epic tale of the founding of Malacca on canvas. The Beginning, a 4 panel painting measuring 183 x 512 cm is now a permanent collection at Galeri Petronas, because of its strategic location, Malacca was an important stopping point for Zheng Hes fleet. Her attendants married locals and settled mostly in Bukit Cina, the Chinese Emperor also ordered the Malaccans to raise soldiers and fight back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked them again. In April 1511, Alfonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with a force of some 1200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships and they conquered the city on 24 August 1511. After seizing the city Afonso de Albuquerque spared the Hindu, Chinese and Burmese inhabitants but had the Muslim inhabitants massacred or sold into slavery and it soon became clear that Portuguese control of Malacca did not also mean they controlled Asian trade centred there. Their Malaccan rule was severely hampered by administrative and economic difficulties, rather than achieving their ambition of dominating Asian trade, the Portuguese had disrupted the organisation of the network. The centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth had now gone, trade was now scattered over a number of ports among bitter warfare in the Straits. The Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier spent several months in Malacca in 1545,1546, the Dutch launched several attacks on the Portuguese colony during the first four decades of the seventeenth century. The first attack took place in 1606 under the command of Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge who laid siege to the town with the help of his Johor allies and he engaged the Portuguese armada which had been sent from Goa to offer armed relief to the besieged port. In 1641, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese in an effort to capture Malacca, the Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance to Batavia on Java as their administrative centre
4.
Melaka
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Malacca, dubbed The Historic State, is a state in Malaysia and located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west, the exclave of Tanjung Tuan also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. This historical city centre has listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, the head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor, rather than a Sultan. Before the arrival of the first Sultan, Malacca was a village inhabited by local Malays known as Orang Laut. Malacca was founded by Parameswara, also known as Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara and he found his way to Malacca around 1400 where he found a good port—it was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. According to a legend, Parameswara was resting under a tree near a river during a hunt. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river, impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a propitious omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided then and there to found an empire on that very spot. He named it Melaka after the tree where he had just taken shelter at, prominent Malaysian artist Syed Thajudeen visually depicted the epic tale of the founding of Malacca on canvas. The Beginning, a 4 panel painting measuring 183 x 512 cm is now a permanent collection at Galeri Petronas, because of its strategic location, Malacca was an important stopping point for Zheng Hes fleet. Her attendants married locals and settled mostly in Bukit Cina, the Chinese Emperor also ordered the Malaccans to raise soldiers and fight back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked them again. In April 1511, Alfonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with a force of some 1200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships and they conquered the city on 24 August 1511. After seizing the city Afonso de Albuquerque spared the Hindu, Chinese and Burmese inhabitants but had the Muslim inhabitants massacred or sold into slavery and it soon became clear that Portuguese control of Malacca did not also mean they controlled Asian trade centred there. Their Malaccan rule was severely hampered by administrative and economic difficulties, rather than achieving their ambition of dominating Asian trade, the Portuguese had disrupted the organisation of the network. The centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth had now gone, trade was now scattered over a number of ports among bitter warfare in the Straits. The Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier spent several months in Malacca in 1545,1546, the Dutch launched several attacks on the Portuguese colony during the first four decades of the seventeenth century. The first attack took place in 1606 under the command of Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge who laid siege to the town with the help of his Johor allies and he engaged the Portuguese armada which had been sent from Goa to offer armed relief to the besieged port. In 1641, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese in an effort to capture Malacca, the Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance to Batavia on Java as their administrative centre
5.
Malaysia
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Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government, with a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia, located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, the first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946, Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a role in politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims, the government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and he is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the prime minister, since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with its GDP growing at an average of 6. 5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third largest in Southeast Asia, the name Malaysia is a combination of the word Malay and the Latin-Greek suffix -sia/-σία. The word melayu in Malay may derive from the Tamil words malai and ur meaning mountain and city, land, malayadvipa was the word used by ancient Indian traders when referring to the Malay Peninsula. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word melayu or mlayu may have used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to steadily accelerate or run. This term was applied to describe the current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra
6.
Shah Alam
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Shah Alam /ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/ is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia and situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpurs incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957, Malaysia grew rapidly after its independence in 1957 under the Father of Modernisation, the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak Hussein. Shah Alam was once known as Sungai Renggam and was noted for its rubber, later, the same area was identified as Batu Tiga prior to Malaysian independence, and has been a centre of rubber and palm oil trade for centuries. Its current name was chosen by the then state Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, many other monuments, buildings and even a street are named after the late Sultan. Shah Alam was opened in 1963 with the purpose of making it the new centre of Selangor. With the consent of the Sultan, Shah Alam was proclaimed the capital of Selangor on 7 December 1978 with an area of 41.68 km2, Shah Alam had encountered several processes of extending its areas and the last was on 1 January 1997. Through the Gazette Plan 1190, Shah Alam was extended to 293 km2, Shah Alam was granted city status on 10 October 2000 with Dato Haji Abu Sujak Haji Mahmud as the first mayor. He recently served as deputy Menteri Besar, or Chief Minister of Selangor, Abu Sujak declared the vision of making Shah Alam a modern city with a unique identity of a Bandaraya Melayu, showcasing the achievements of the Malay race in all sectors. In line with this identity, Shah Alam was declared the first city in the world with no entertainment outlets to avoid any vice activities, Shah Alam is located within the district of Petaling and a portion of the district of Klang in the state of Selangor. Shah Alam has an urban layout to Petaling Jaya or Subang Jaya with housing areas occupying most of the city. There are 56 sections in total, generally Shah Alam can be divided into three parts, the north, central and south parts. North Shah Alam consists of 18 Sections including Sections U1 and U2, the Central Shah Alam is where all the state administrative buildings and agencies are situated. It consists of Section 1 until Section 24, south Shah Alam consists of 12 sections including Section 25, Section 30, Section 31 and Section 32. In the map, south Shah Alam is seen as the purple coloured areas. The city has a number of shopping malls, vibrant commercial areas are situated mostly at the city centre, Seksyen 13 and Seksyen 9. All of the roads and streets in Shah Alam including the new townships such as Setia Alam. As with other cities across Peninsular Malaysia, Shah Alam experiences a tropical rainforest climate according to the Köppen climate classification, temperatures are consistent throughout the year with an average high temperature of 31.9 °C and an average low temperature of 23.2 °C
7.
Selangor
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Selangor /səˈlæŋə/ also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Ehsan, or Abode of Sincerity is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south and it surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, both of which were previously part of Selangor. The state capital is Shah Alam, however the first city in Selangor, another major urban centre is Petaling Jaya which was awarded city status on 20 June 2006. Selangor is one of only two Malaysian states with more than one city, the other is Sarawak, Selangor has the largest city in Malaysia and it is growing rapidly due to modernisation in the Klang Valley. The state of Selangor has the largest economy in Malaysia in terms of domestic product with RM128.815 billion in 2010 making up 23% of the total GDP of Malaysia. This state is also the most developed in Malaysia with good infrastructure such as highways, the state also has the largest population in Malaysia, with a high standard of living and the states poverty rate is the lowest in the country. A more plausible theory claims the name is derived from the term Selang Ur meaning land of the straits Aur also means river in Malay. Hence, Selangor may mean river straits, a major problem with this hypothesis is that the word selang does not in fact mean strait in Malay, not even in obsolete usage according to the Kamus Dewan, the proper word for strait is selat. Another possible origin of the name is combination of the words Sela. It may be possible that the banks of the Selangor River was full of bamboo groves in the distant past, however bamboo do not grow well in the marshy soil of the lower reaches of the river. It is also possible that the word Selangor is an Orang Asli term as some rivers have Orang Asli names, in the 15th century, Selangor was ruled by the Sultanate of Malacca. After the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511, the area became disputed between the Portuguese, Johor, Aceh and Siam. When the Dutch displaced the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641, they brought in Muslim Bugis mercenaries from Sulawesi and they established the present hereditary sultanate in 1740. In many districts, Bugis settlers displaced the Minangkabau settlers from Sumatra, in the 19th century, the economy boomed due to the exploitation of huge tin reserves. In 1854, the Sultan of Selangor granted Raja Abdullah the control of Klang, passing over Raja Mahdi and this would eventually led to the Selangor Civil War of 1867 to 1874, which was essentially a struggle for control of the revenues from tin. Tin Mining also attracted an influx of Chinese migrant labourers. Chinese secret clan societies, allied with Selangor chiefs, fought for control of the tin mines, in 1874, Sultan Adbul Samad of Selangor accepted a British Resident in a system allowed the British to govern while the Sultan remained the apparent ruler. Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered, the Federated Malay States evolved into the Federation of Malaya in 1948, which became independent in 1957, and Malaysia in 1963
8.
Anuar Zain
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Shahrul Anuar bin Zain is a Malaysian singer and a multi award-winning artist. He has had four released, all of which have been named after him. The first album was released in 1998, consisting of 10 songs and his first single after a hiatus was Bila Resah. The second album was released in 2002 while the third was released in 2007 and his most recent album came out in 2011. To date, Anuar Zain has produce four albums which all of them bearing his name as an album title. 20042005 Anugerah Planet Muzik Penyanyi Lelaki Paling Popular Anugerah Era Vokal Lelaki Pilihan 2008 Anugerah Planet Muzik Penyanyi Lelaki Terbaik Anugerah Stail Eh
9.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
10.
Ballad
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A ballad /ˈbæləd/ is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally danced songs, Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in the Americas, Australia, Ballads are 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides, the form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is now often used for any love song. The ballad derives its name from medieval French dance songs or ballares, from which ballet is also derived, as a narrative song, their theme and function may originate from Scandinavian and Germanic traditions of storytelling that can be seen in poems such as Beowulf. Musically they were influenced by the Minnesinger, the earliest example of a recognizable ballad in form in England is Judas in a 13th-century manuscript. This means that the two words, ballad and ballet, are derived from the French language. Ballads were originally written to accompany dances, and so were composed in couplets with refrains in alternate lines and these refrains would have been sung by the dancers in time with the dance. Most northern and west European ballads are written in ballad stanzas or quatrains of alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, known as ballad meter. Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed, there is considerable variation on this pattern in almost every respect, including length, number of lines and rhyming scheme, making the strict definition of a ballad extremely difficult. Ballads usually use the dialect of the people and are heavily influenced by the region in which they originate. Scottish ballads in particular are distinctively un-English, even showing some pre-Christian influences in the inclusion of elements such as the fairies in the Scottish ballad Tam Lin. The ballads do not have any known author or correct version, instead, having passed down mainly by oral tradition since the Middle Ages. The ballads remained a tradition until the increased interest in folk songs in the 18th century led collectors such as Bishop Thomas Percy to publish volumes of popular ballads. In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a story, often concise, and rely on imagery, rather than description. Themes concerning rural laborers and their sexuality are common, and there are many ballads based on the Robin Hood legend. Another common feature of ballads is repetition, sometimes of fourth lines in succeeding stanzas, as a refrain, sometimes of third and fourth lines of a stanza and sometimes of entire stanzas
11.
R&B
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
12.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
13.
Vocal
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The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc. The human voice frequency is specifically a part of sound production in which the vocal folds are the primary sound source. Generally speaking, the mechanism for generating the human voice can be subdivided into three parts, the lungs, the vocal folds within the larynx, and the articulators, the lung must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds. The vocal folds are a vibrating valve that chops up the airflow from the lungs into audible pulses that form the sound source. The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the folds to ‘fine-tune’ pitch. The articulators articulate and filter the sound emanating from the larynx, the vocal folds, in combination with the articulators, are capable of producing highly intricate arrays of sound. The tone of voice may be modulated to suggest emotions such as anger, surprise, singers use the human voice as an instrument for creating music. Adult men and women typically have different sizes of vocal fold, adult male voices are usually lower-pitched and have larger folds. The male vocal folds, are between 17 mm and 25 mm in length, the female vocal folds are between 12.5 mm and 17.5 mm in length. The folds are within the larynx and they are attached at the back to the arytenoids cartilages, and at the front to the thyroid cartilage. They have no outer edge as they blend into the side of the tube while their inner edges or margins are free to vibrate. They have a three layer construction of an epithelium, vocal ligament, then muscle, which can shorten and they are flat triangular bands and are pearly white in color. Above both sides of the cord is the vestibular fold or false vocal cord, which has a small sac between its two folds. The difference in vocal folds size between men and women means that they have differently pitched voices, additionally, genetics also causes variances amongst the same sex, with mens and womens singing voices being categorized into types. For example, among men, there are bass, baritone, tenor and countertenor, there are additional categories for operatic voices, see voice type. This is not the source of difference between male and female voice. Men, generally speaking, have a vocal tract, which essentially gives the resultant voice a lower-sounding timbre. This is mostly independent of the folds themselves
14.
Sony Music Entertainment
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
15.
Awie
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Awie is a Malaysian rock singer and actor. CODI was born on 24 November 1968 in Lembah Keramat, Selangor to Othman bin Maarof and he has three sisters and two brothers. Awie suffered from chronic hypotrichosis during his childhood years, Awie started his music career in Kuala Lumpur in 1986, fronting the Malaysian rock band Wings, which had an original line-up of Black, Syam, Eddie and Awie. The debuted with the album Belenggu Irama and their subsequent album Hukum Karma features successful singles Misteri Mimpi Syakilla and Taman Rashidah Utama. Various albums followed, including Teori Domino, Jerangkung Dalam Almari, a number of Wingss hits are composed by singer-songwriter M. Nasir. Awie left the band after reported disagreements with Bob Lokman, and pursued a career as a solo artist and he re-joined Wings in 2002 after lukewarm fan response to his replacements Mus and Mel. Their recent concert appearances and recordings include Wings Alive 2006 and Wings Live In KL1991, on top of that, Awie had joined the best band in Indonesian called Samudera Astana. During his departure from Wings, Awie recorded four albums as an artiste, Satu, Otak, Awie Unplugged. Awie began his career in 1992 with the film Pemburu Bayang. Other locally-successful films followed, the prominent ones being Bara. Recently Awie has concentrated on comedic roles, Awie was engaged to Erra Fazira, his co-star in Sembilu. Due to reported infidelity, the engagement was called off, months later, he was caught by several Islamic law enforcers in a hotel room with Arni Nazira, his co-star in Nafas Cinta. Their obligated marriage produced two daughters, in October 2006, his ex-wife Arni Nazira filed for divorce after 8 years of marriage. The reason for the divorce is claimed to be due to Awies marriage to Rozana Misbun in a ceremony in southern Thailand. In early 2012 Awie claimed that he was the victim of black magic, which caused him to vomit needles and feathers
16.
Ning Baizura
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Ning Baizura binti Sheikh Hamzah, popularly known as Ning, is a Malaysian pop and R&B singer, who sings in Malay, English, Japanese, Italian, French, Mandarin and Cantonese. Meanwhile, her latest English album EastToWest was released in Malaysia on 10 March 2008 and she worked with Yasmin Ahmad in the controversial movie Muallaf. It won several awards in Europe including The Berlin Film Fest. She was born in Kajang, Malaysia from parents of Arab, Chinese, Dutch, Ning Baizura is married to Omar Sharif Christopher Layton Dalton. He is the director of Asia Pacific consultant at Landmark Graphics Malaysia Sdn and they were married at Masjid Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, Bangsar, on January 31,2008. The marriage was solemnised by Nings father, Sheikh Hamza Sheikh Mohamed, ibrahim Saad, Omars brother, Mark Dalton, fellow artists and media reporters. Nings husband, Omar, has two children from a previous marriage, the couple has a son, Ryan. 1993 – Dekat Padamu 1994 – Ning 1995 – Teguh 1997 – Ke Sayup Bintang 1997 – Always 1999 – Pujaan Ku 2001 – Natural Woman 2003 – Selagi Ada
17.
Bertelsmann Music Group
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Bertelsmann Music Group was a division of German media company Bertelsmann before its completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Japans Sony Corporation of America on October 1,2008. It was established in 1987 to combine the music activities of Bertelsmann. The joint venture with Sony Music was set up in August 2004 and it reduced the Big Five record companies to the Big Four record companies. At that time, the company had a 21. 5% share in the music market. Sony Music and BMG remained separate in Japan, although BMG Music Japan was wholly owned by Sony BMG. Bertelsmann sold its 50% share of Sony BMG to Sony Corporation of America for a total of $1.5 billion, and it is focused mainly in BMGs European stronghold markets. The basis of the company was formed through BMGs decision to withhold selected European music catalogues from the former Sony BMG joint venture, also kept separate from the acquisition by Sony Corporation of America was Sony BMGs wholly owned and operated BMG Japan. Sony Music Japan remained independent from the Sony BMG joint venture, therefore BMG, during Sony BMGs buyout, BMG Japan was instead picked up by Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It briefly continued to operate as an entity until a reorganization in early 2009 folded the company into Sony Music Japan. Barry Weiss, President and Chief Executive Officer, Zomba Label Group CEO Now part of Sony Music Entertainment after the buyout of Bertelsmann AGs 50% stake in Sony BMG. BMG Music Publishing, which was not part of the Sony BMG merger, was a business of the Bertelsmann Music Group until it was sold to Universal Music Group for €1.63 billion in 2007. Universal then folded the company into Universal Music Publishing Group, the company was headquartered at 245 Fifth Avenue, 8th Floor New York, New York 10016 and had operations in 36 offices in 25 countries. BMG Music publishing controlled over one million copyrights, BMG Music Publishing was the global leader in Classical music and was number one in Contemporary Christian music. Brentwood-Benson Music Publishing is BMG Music Publishings Christian publisher and owns over 60,000 copyrights, BMG Music Publishing and its assets have now been completely absorbed and folded into Universal Music Publishing Group. After Sony bought out Bertelsmanns share in Sony BMG, Bertelsmann was allowed to keep the rights to recordings from the former joint venture. These songs served as the foundation to BMG Rights Management, BMG Rights Management now serves as a division within Bertelsmann and as a replacement to the defunct Bertelsmann Music Group. A settlement in 2002 included the publishers and distributors, Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music. In restitution for price fixing they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups and it is estimated customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million and up to $5 per album
18.
BMG Music
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Bertelsmann Music Group was a division of German media company Bertelsmann before its completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Japans Sony Corporation of America on October 1,2008. It was established in 1987 to combine the music activities of Bertelsmann. The joint venture with Sony Music was set up in August 2004 and it reduced the Big Five record companies to the Big Four record companies. At that time, the company had a 21. 5% share in the music market. Sony Music and BMG remained separate in Japan, although BMG Music Japan was wholly owned by Sony BMG. Bertelsmann sold its 50% share of Sony BMG to Sony Corporation of America for a total of $1.5 billion, and it is focused mainly in BMGs European stronghold markets. The basis of the company was formed through BMGs decision to withhold selected European music catalogues from the former Sony BMG joint venture, also kept separate from the acquisition by Sony Corporation of America was Sony BMGs wholly owned and operated BMG Japan. Sony Music Japan remained independent from the Sony BMG joint venture, therefore BMG, during Sony BMGs buyout, BMG Japan was instead picked up by Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It briefly continued to operate as an entity until a reorganization in early 2009 folded the company into Sony Music Japan. Barry Weiss, President and Chief Executive Officer, Zomba Label Group CEO Now part of Sony Music Entertainment after the buyout of Bertelsmann AGs 50% stake in Sony BMG. BMG Music Publishing, which was not part of the Sony BMG merger, was a business of the Bertelsmann Music Group until it was sold to Universal Music Group for €1.63 billion in 2007. Universal then folded the company into Universal Music Publishing Group, the company was headquartered at 245 Fifth Avenue, 8th Floor New York, New York 10016 and had operations in 36 offices in 25 countries. BMG Music publishing controlled over one million copyrights, BMG Music Publishing was the global leader in Classical music and was number one in Contemporary Christian music. Brentwood-Benson Music Publishing is BMG Music Publishings Christian publisher and owns over 60,000 copyrights, BMG Music Publishing and its assets have now been completely absorbed and folded into Universal Music Publishing Group. After Sony bought out Bertelsmanns share in Sony BMG, Bertelsmann was allowed to keep the rights to recordings from the former joint venture. These songs served as the foundation to BMG Rights Management, BMG Rights Management now serves as a division within Bertelsmann and as a replacement to the defunct Bertelsmann Music Group. A settlement in 2002 included the publishers and distributors, Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music. In restitution for price fixing they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups and it is estimated customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million and up to $5 per album
19.
Anugerah Industri Muzik
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Anugerah Industri Muzik, commonly known by the acronym AIM, is the award ceremony to honour the Malaysian music industry and it also organised by Recording Industry Association of Malaysia. It first held in 1993 and was held on 15 December of that year and it is Malaysias equivalent of the Grammy awards. The broadcaster of the award has changed several times, varying between RTM, Media Prima and Astro. The earlier two awards are broadcast on television after the event, and the event would be broadcast live through television. Since its introduction, the award has been every year, with the exception of 1994 and 2015. Some categories may have been replaced and/or removed, in the first award in 1993, there are only ten categories. After the first award, Best New Artist was split into male and female categories, there is also a Best New Artist category until 1999. Genre-specific best albums are introduced in 1995 and was abolished in 2010 due to declining number of albums released, the focus on Best Vocal Performance was changed from album to single in 2009. Best Indonesian Album category was introduced in 1997, and was replaced by Best Malay Song Performed by a Foreign Artist in 2008
20.
Puncak Kasih
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Puncak Kasih is the fourth studio album from Malaysian pop singer Ziana Zain, released on 28 May 1997 by BMG Music. The album incorporates elements of pop, ballad and traditional music, Puncak Kasih has been certified 3x platinum for selling more than 150,000 copies and it consequently became Zianas third consecutive platinum album in Malaysia. The album also won the award Best Pop Album in 1998s Anugerah Industri Muzik, the album spawned four singles, Puncak Kasih, Berpisah Jua, Kalau Mencari Teman and Terlerai Kasih that attained chart success. The lead single, Puncak Kasih, set a record for topping Carta Muzik Muzik at number 1 for fifteen consecutive weeks, nevertheless, the latter failed to advance into the final. Additionally, the song Puncak Kasih won the category Best Ballad Song in the ceremony, in 1998, the album Puncak Kasih received two nominations in Anugerah Industri Muzik which were Best Pop Album as well as Best Female Vocalist in an Album where it won Best Pop album. Additionally, the song Puncak Kasih was nominated for Best Song award but it lost to Innuendos Selamanya.80 Ampang Park Complex Cover artwork & photography - Bombay Graphic design - Shairul Fan Site
21.
Anugerah Juara Lagu
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Anugerah Juara Lagu is a popular annual music competition in Malaysia, organised by TV3 since 1986. It features the best musical and lyrical compositions of each year it is held, AJL honours the composers and lyricists of the songs rather than the performing artistes. In the 27th edition, a song which was not sung by an original singer won Juara Lagu for the first time. Anugerah Juara Lagu, or also known as Juara Lagu, was introduced as a program with simple broadcasting format to make it easier for viewers to follow. Anugerah Juara Lagu began in 1986 and the event was watched by an average of five million viewers almost every year, anugerah Juara Lagu is the ultimate show that is led up to from the Muzik Muzik programme, which was first aired on 2 March 1986. The first Juara Lagu ceremony was held in December the same year, the original format involved a selection of monthly winners through newspaper votes, before selection of songs was divided into three separate categories in 1992. The distinction of songs into separate categories was discontinued in 2009, anugerah Juara Lagu is usually held at the end of the year or the beginning of the next year. The first AJL was held at Dewan Merdeka, Putra World Trade Centre, the following are for each year of the competition, the winning song, the performer, composer and lyricist of the song
22.
Faizal Tahir
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Ahmad Faizal bin Mohammad Tahir is a Malaysian singer-songwriter who shot to fame after becoming the first runner-up of the first season of One in a Million in 2006. He has won multiple Anugerah Industri Muzik awards, Anugerah Juara Lagu, Faizal Tahir is the second child of seven. Faizal is a member of nasyid group, Mirwana. He is a singer and a composer and he built a mini studio named Home Suite Studio, located at Ukay Perdana, Ampang. One of his brothers, Anas Tahir, is a member of group, Firdaus, after leaving another nasyid group. He studied at UiTM Shah Alam, from 2000 to 2003 and his first original single, Mahakarya Cinta, a song composed by Audi Mok, made its debut in the Grand Finale of One in a Million. He finished as runner-up to Suki Low, Faizal released a single, Kasih Tercipta, as part of the soundtrack for the local film Waris Jari Hantu. He was also named as the sole Malaysian spokesperson for DC Superheroes clothing and he also recorded Gemuruh, the theme song for My Starz LG. On 13 January 2008 Faizal created controversy by removing his shirt to bare his chest, 8TVs management took action by giving him strict warnings and requiring him to be involved in charity work for six months. In addition, two days after the incident 8TV held a conference where Faizal apologized to all who were offended by the stunt. One In A Million 1st Runner-Up ERA Awards Popular Rock Song was chosen by the listeners EH
23.
Kuala Lumpur
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Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, or more commonly called KL is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city. Being rated as an Alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the global city in Malaysia which covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017. It is among the fastest growing regions in South-East Asia, in terms of population. Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, the city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remain in the city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is situated in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia, enclaved within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Since the 1990s, the city has played host to international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and it is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers, which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysias futuristic development. Kuala Lumpur means muddy confluence, kuala is the point where two rivers join together or an estuary, and lumpur means mud. One suggestion is that it was named after Sungai Lumpur, it was recorded in 1824 that Sungei Lumpoor was the most important tin-producing settlement up the Klang River. It has also proposed that Kuala Lumpur was originally named Pengkalan Lumpur in the same way that Klang was once called Pengkalan Batu. Another suggestion is that it was initially a Cantonese word lam-pa meaning flooded jungle or decayed jungle, there is however no firm contemporary evidence for these suggestions other than anecdotes. It is also possible that the name is a form of an earlier. It is unknown who founded or named the settlement called Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur was originally a small hamlet of just a few houses and shops at the confluence of Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang before it grew into a town. The miners landed at Kuala Lumpur and continued their journey on foot to Ampang where the first mine was opened
24.
Misha Omar
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Samiha @ Aisah Binti Omar, commonly known as Misha, is a Malaysian singer and actress. She was first discovered by Adnan Abu Hassan when she became a finalist of the Bintang RTM competition in 2001 alongside fellow singers Azharina, Misha did not win the competition. Before 2004, Platinum was certificated when an album reached 35,000 copies, sembunyi* duet Andy Flop Poppy 4. Nafas Cahaya 10. Sembunyi 11. as Misha Directed by Yusof Haslam 2006 Main-Main Cinta
25.
Jim Brickman
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Jim Brickman is an American songwriter and pianist of pop, as well as a radio show host. Brickman has earned six Gold and Platinum albums, since 1997, he has hosted his own radio show called Your Weekend with Jim Brickman, which is carried on radio stations throughout the United States. Brickman has also released five PBS specials, and hosts an annual fan cruise and he is founder of Brickhouse Direct, a company that provides strategic marketing and e-commerce solutions for clients in a variety of industries. Brickman was born and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio and attended Shaker Heights High School and he began playing piano at the age of five. Later he studied composition and performance at the Cleveland Institute of Music while taking classes at Case Western Reserve University. The songs Angel Eyes and If You Believe gained radio airplay from Brickmans second release, the following year, the CDs title track, By Heart, became his first top 20 adult contemporary hit. In 1997, Brickman released the album Picture This, adding a performance, Valentine. This song charted on country and AC stations, with the album selling platinum. In November 2005, three of Brickmans albums, The Disney Songbook, Grace and Greatest Hits, held the top three spots on Billboards new age chart. He also received a Grammy nomination in 2003, an SESAC Songwriter of the Year award, the 2008 album Faith was nominated for the 2009 Grammy Award for Best New Age Album. Brickman composes a variety of music, besides his piano compositions and love songs, he has also drafted arrangements of existing songs, and several of his albums feature arrangements of childrens music. In 2007, Brickman teamed up with Somerset Group Ltd. producing and distributing concept-based music to some of the country’s biggest retailers including Target, Bed Bath & Beyond, Walmart, the show features experts including Showbiz Tonights A. J. Hammer, HGTV’s Sabrina Soto, Dr. Drew Ramsey, a strong supporter of PBS, Brickman has filmed and released the PBS specials My Romance, An Evening with Jim Brickman, Love Songs & Lullabies, The Disney Songbook, and Beautiful World. Since 2006, Brickman has hosted a fan cruise, being joined at sea with his fans for a week of activities. In 2013, the first annual Brickman Bash kicked off in Nashville on July 18–21, fans would spend a weekend with Brickman touring Franklin and Nashville, TN. Since 2008, Brickman has partnered with American Greetings, John Q. Hammons Hotels & Resorts, Whole Foods, Roland, Celestial Seasonings, Audio-Technica, Brickman appeared on the September/October 2013 cover of Making Music Magazine to discuss his life and career. Brickman founded Brickhouse Direct in 2003, a company provides strategic marketing. A Valentine was originally released to Adult Contemporary and charted on Hot Country Songs as an album cut
26.
Cindy Crawford
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Cynthia Ann Cindy Crawford is an American model and actress. Her years of success at modeling made her a celebrity that has led to roles in television and film. In 1995, Forbes magazine named her the highest paid model on the planet, Crawford is one of the original five Supermodels. She was named No.3 on VH1s 40 Hottest Hotties of the 90s and was named one of the 100 Hottest Women of All-Time by Mens Health. Crawford is known for her trademark mole just above her lip, cynthia Ann Crawford was born in DeKalb, Illinois, on February 20,1966, the daughter of Jennifer Sue Crawford-Moluf and John Dan Crawford. She has two sisters, Chris and Danielle, as well as a brother, Jeffery, who died of leukemia at age 3. She has stated that her family has been in the United States for generations and that her ancestry is mostly German, English, and French. In her sophomore year at school, she received a call from a local clothing store regarding modelling work. However, the year another store hired a number of high school girls, including Crawford. The photo and positive feedback she received were enough to convince her to take up modeling and she entered the Elite Model Managements Look of the Year contest at 17 and was the runner-up. Elite Model Management in Chicago then started representing her, Crawford graduated from DeKalb High School in 1984 as valedictorian. She earned a scholarship to study chemical engineering at Northwestern University. She dropped out in order to pursue a modeling career. After working for photographer Victor Skrebneski in Chicago, Crawford moved to New York City in 1986, during the 1980s and 1990s, Crawford was among the most popular supermodels and a ubiquitous presence on magazine covers, runways, and in fashion campaigns. She was repeatedly and frequently featured on the cover of magazines, including Vogue, W, People, Harpers Bazaar, Elle, Cosmopolitan. A partial count in 1998 totalled over 500 appearances, Crawford has walked the runways for Chanel, Versace, Dolce & Gabbana, Christian Dior, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Michael Kors, Todd Oldham, DKNY, and Valentino. She has also worked for Omega, Maybelline, Clairol, Pepsi, in 1987, Crawford appeared during the opening credits of the Michael J. Fox film The Secret of My Success. Three years later, she appeared alongside top models Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista, Tatjana Patitz, Crawford and the other four models subsequently appeared in the video for George Michaels hit Freedom 90 later that year
27.
Anna Kournikova
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Anna Sergeyevna Kournikova is a Russian former professional tennis player. Her appearance and celebrity status made her one of the best known tennis stars worldwide, at the peak of her fame, fans looking for images of Kournikova made her name one of the most common search strings on Google Search. Despite never winning a title, she reached No.8 in the world in 2000. She achieved greater success playing doubles, where she was at times the World No.1 player, with Martina Hingis as her partner, she won Grand Slam titles in Australia in 1999 and 2002, and the WTA Championships in 1999 and 2000. They referred to themselves as the Spice Girls of Tennis, Kournikovas professional tennis career ended prematurely at the age of 21 due to serious back and spinal problems, including a herniated disk. She lives in Miami Beach, Florida, and plays in occasional exhibitions and she was a new trainer for season 12 of the television show The Biggest Loser, replacing Jillian Michaels, but did not return for season 13. Anna Kournikova was born in Moscow, Russia, on 7 June 1981 and her father, Sergei Kournikov, a former Greco-Roman wrestling champion, eventually earned a PhD and was a professor at the University of Physical Culture and Sport in Moscow. As of 2001, he was still a part-time martial arts instructor there and her mother Alla had been a 400-metre runner. Her younger brother, Allan, is a youth world champion who was featured in the 2013 documentary film The Short Game. Sergei Kournikov has said, We were young and we liked the clean, physical life, Kournikova received her first tennis racquet as a New Year gift in 1986 at age 5. Describing her early regimen, she said, I played two times a week from age six, and it was just for fun, my parents didnt know I was going to play professionally, they just wanted me to do something because I had lots of energy. It was only when I started playing well at seven that I went to a professional academy, I would go to school, and then my parents would take me to the club, and Id spend the rest of the day there just having fun with the kids. In 1986, Kournikova became a member of the Spartak Tennis Club, in 1989, at the age of eight, Kournikova began appearing in junior tournaments, and by the following year, was attracting attention from tennis scouts across the world. Kournikova signed a management deal at age ten and went to Bradenton, Florida, following her arrival in the United States, Kournikova became prominent on the tennis scene. At 14, she won the European Championships and the Italian Open Junior tournament and she became the youngest player to win the 18-and-under division of the Junior Orange Bowl tennis tournament. By the end of the year, Kournikova was crowned the ITF Junior World Champion U-18, in 1994, Kournikova received a wild card into ITF tournament in Moscow qualifications, but lost to third seeded Sabine Appelmans. She debuted in professional tennis at 14 in the Fed Cup for Russia, in 1995, she turned pro, and won two ITF titles, in Midland, Michigan and Rockford, Illinois. The same year Kournikova reached her first WTA Tour doubles final at the Kremlin Cup, partnering with 1995 Wimbledon girls champion in both singles and doubles Aleksandra Olsza, they lost to Meredith McGrath and Larisa Neiland
28.
Kate Bosworth
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Catherine Ann Kate Bosworth is an American actress and model. She made her debut in The Horse Whisperer and appeared in Remember the Titans. She also had roles in independent films, playing Dawn Schiller in the crime film Wonderland. She also portrayed Lois Lane in Superman Returns, and has had roles in Straw Dogs, Bosworth was born on January 2,1983, in Los Angeles, California. She is the child of Patricia, a homemaker, and Harold Bosworth. She was born with heterochromia iridum, and has a right eye. At the age of six, Bosworths family relocated from San Francisco to various parts of the due to her fathers job. She was raised mainly on the East Coast, spending the rest of her youth in Massachusetts, Bosworth developed an interest in competitive horse racing, and by the age of fourteen, she was a champion equestrian. She graduated from Cohasset High School, in Cohasset, Massachusetts, Bosworths first film role came after an open casting call in New York for the supporting part of Judith in the 1998 film, The Horse Whisperer. The films producers needed someone who was already an experienced horse rider, the film received positive reception from film critics. In 2000, she starred in the series drama Young Americans. That same year, she had a part in the film Remember the Titans. In 2001, Bosworth moved to Los Angeles in hopes of obtaining access to auditions. In his review of the film, Rolling Stones Peter Travers wrote, Bosworth is a star in the making, but even she cant outshine the surfing footage, the film received positive reviews and grossed $40 million at the United States box office. Following the success of Blue Crush, Bosworth took on the role in low-budget Wonderland opposite Val Kilmer. Bosworth played the girlfriend of porn star John Holmes. In 2004, she played the role in romantic comedy Win a Date with Tad Hamilton. The film was critically and financially unsuccessful, also in 2004, Bosworth depicted actress Sandra Dee in Beyond the Sea
29.
Shah Rukh Khan
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Shah Rukh Khan, also known as SRK, is an Indian film actor, producer and television personality. Referred to in the media as the Baadshah of Bollywood, King of Bollywood or King Khan, he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films, Khan has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide. In terms of size and income, he has been described as one of the most successful film stars in the world. Khan began his career appearances in several television series in the late 1980s. He made his Bollywood debut in 1992 with Deewana, early in his career, Khan was recognised for portraying villainous roles in the films Darr, Baazigar and Anjaam. He then rose to prominence starring in a series of romantic films, including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Dil To Pagal Hai, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Mohabbatein. He earned critical acclaim for his portrayal of an alcoholic in Devdas, a NASA scientist in Swades, India and a man with Asperger syndrome in My Name Is Khan. His highest-grossing films include the comedies Chennai Express and Happy New Year, many of his films display themes of Indian national identity and connections with diaspora communities, or gender, racial, social and religious differences and grievances. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, and he is a frequent television presenter and stage show performer. The media often label him as Brand SRK because of his many endorsement, Khans philanthropic endeavours have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honoured with UNESCOs Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of childrens education. He regularly features in listings of the most influential people in Indian culture, Khan was born on 2 November 1965 in a Muslim family in New Delhi. He spent the first five years of his life in Mangalore, according to Khan, his paternal grandfather, Jan Muhammad, an ethnic Pathan was from Afghanistan. Shah Rukh Khan also said in his interviews that he is a Pathan from Peshawar, Khans father, Meer Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist in Peshawar, British India. As of 2010, Khans paternal family was living in Shah Wali Qataal area of Peshawars Qissa Khawani Bazaar. Meer was a follower of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, and affiliated with the All Indian National Congress and he moved to New Delhi in 1948 partition of India. Khans mother, Lateef Fatima, was the daughter of a government engineer. His parents were married in 1959, Khan described himself on Twitter as half Hyderabadi, half Pathan, some Kashmiri. His paternal cousins in Peshawar claim that the family is of Hindkowan origin from Kashmir, not Pashtun, Khan grew up in the Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood of Delhi
30.
Ralf Schumacher
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Ralf Schumacher is a German former racing driver. He is the brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher. Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and he first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season. Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999, finishing 6th in the Drivers Championship that year and he won his first Grand Prix in 2001, en route to 4th place in the Drivers Championship, and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years. Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005, however, his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One, as a result of internal pressure. Schumacher was born in Hürth, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany on 30 June 1975, the son of Rolf Schumacher, a bricklayer. He has one brother, Michael. Schumacher began karting at the age of three driving on his parents go-kart track in Kerpen and his first major karting success came when he clinched the NRW Cup and the Gold Cup in 1991. In 1992 he won the German Junior Kart Championship and he then moved up into the senior series, finishing runner-up. Aged 17 Schumacher moved into car racing, finishing runner-up in the ADAC Junior Formula Championship and this performance allowed Schumacher to test a Formula Three car during 1992, and later took part in a Formula Three event. His testing and one-off appearance in the series caught the attention of WTS Racing allowing Schumacher to enter the German Formula Three Championship in 1994 and he finished fourth and thirtieth in the Macau Grand Prix and the Masters of Formula 3, respectively. His performances in 1995 had improved over the year, Schumacher secured pole position and victory in the Macau Grand Prix. In the German Formula Three series, Schumacher took three victories and finished second in the Championship behind Norberto Fontana, for 1996, Schumachers manager Willi Weber secured him a seat in the Formula Nippon Series, driving for the Team Le Mans alongside experienced driver Naoki Hattori. Schumacher won the series on his first attempt, becoming the first rookie driver to clinch the championship, in August 1996, Schumacher tested for the McLaren team at Silverstone. In September, it was announced that Schumacher had signed a contract to drive for the Jordan team. The deal also brought in a further £8 million from Schumachers sponsor Bitburger brewery, in January 1997, Giancarlo Fisichella was confirmed as Schumachers team-mate replacing Martin Brundle, who expressed a desire to remain with the team. Schumacher believed that Brundles experience would have helped him in the coming season, Schumachers season started off with consecutive retirements in the opening two rounds in Australia and Brazil. He picked up the first podium of his career in Argentina with third place despite a collision with team-mate Fisichella, further consecutive retirements followed in the next four races before picking up a sixth-place finish in France
31.
Brunei
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Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace, is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is surrounded by the state of Sarawak. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang, Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo, the remainder of the islands territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Bruneis population was 408,786 in July 2012, the maritime state was visited by Spains Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the 1578 Castille War. During the 19th century, the Bruneian Empire began to decline, the Sultanate ceded Sarawak to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah, and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906, after the Japanese occupation during World War II, in 1959 a new constitution was written. In 1962, an armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British. Brunei gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984, Economic growth during the 1990s and 2000s, with the GDP increasing 56% from 1999 to 2008, transformed Brunei into an industrialised country. It has developed wealth from petroleum and natural gas fields. Brunei has the second-highest Human Development Index among the Southeast Asian nations, after Singapore, according to the International Monetary Fund, Brunei is ranked fifth in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. The IMF estimated in 2011 that Brunei was one of two countries with a debt at 0% of the national GDP. Forbes also ranks Brunei as the fifth-richest nation out of 182, based on its petroleum, according to legend, Brunei was founded by Awang Alak Betatar, later to be Sultan Muhammad Shah. He moved from Garang, a place in the Temburong District to the Brunei River estuary, according to legend, upon landing he exclaimed, Baru nah, from which the name Brunei was derived. He was the first Muslim ruler of Brunei, before the rise of the Bruneian Empire under the Muslim Bolkiah Dynasty, Brunei is believed to have been under Buddhist rulers. It was renamed Barunai in the 14th century, possibly influenced by the Sanskrit word varuṇ, the word Borneo is of the same origin. In the countrys name, Negara Brunei Darussalam, darussalam means abode of peace. The people are pagans and are men of goodwill and their colour is whiter than that of the other sort. in this island justice is well administered. One of the earliest Chinese records is the 977 AD letter to Chinese emperor from the ruler of Po-ni, which some scholars believe to refer to Borneo
32.
Sembilu
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Sembilu is a 1994 Malaysian drama film directed by Dato Yusof Haslam. The story concerns on a story between a famous rock singer, Awie, with his lover Wati which is opposed by Watis brother. Wati, an undergraduate was courting Awie, the famous rock star. They were childhood sweethearts with their parents blessings and their relationship was well accepted, except for one person, Azman who is Watis brother. Azman, with a history of his wife, Maria leaving him for a singer, was against all artistes, Maria later died in a tragic accident and Azman was outraged. Ziana, a singer had fallen for Awie and tried to lure him. However, the relationship between Wati and Awie remained strong when Awie sang Di Ambang Wati as a symbol of their love, on the other hand, Azman was still trying to break up the pair. When Awie was in misery, Ziana took advantage of seducing Awie, Awie finally fell for Zianas lust. Knowing this, Wati felt that she was cheated and wanted to call it quits, nevertheless, the fling between Awie and Ziana did not go far when he realised that his heart was still with Wati. Awie as Awie Erra Fazira as Wati Ziana Zain as Ziana Mustapha Kamal as Azman Aida Rahim as Maria The film was released on 18 August 1994, despite films box office release, this film also received negative review from critics. This film earn 0 star of 5 from PerangFilem, 12th Malaysian Film Festival,1995 Best Supporting Actor - Mustapha Kamal Sembilu at Sinema Malaysia. Sembilu at Filem Malaysia Sembilu at the Internet Movie Database
33.
Maria Mariana
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Maria Mariana, directed by Dato Yusof Haslam in 1996, is about a story of two sisters, Maria and Mariana, who are very different in nature. The film explores the issue of a troublesome yet rebellious teenager, Maria and Mariana are sisters but they are poles apart. Mariana is wild while her sister is moderate and take great interest in her education. When they become adults, Maria joins the force while Mariana remains the same. However, Jefri’s presence changes Mariana’s life, however, to her disappointment, Jefri chooses to marry Maria instead of her. Tony and Robert, leaders of criminals gang which Maria is trying to smash, the ever responsible Maria risks her own life to save her sister. The lead cast of the drama was held by Abby Abadi, Maria Mariana at Filem Malaysia Maria Mariana at the Internet Movie Database
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Maria Mariana II
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Maria Mariana II is a 1998 Malaysian drama film directed by Yusof Haslam. It was the sequel to the 1996 hit film Maria Mariana, the film was released in Malaysian cinemas on 2 April 1998. Maria is rushed to the hospital and is saved by Dr. Faris who successfully extracts the bullet from her body, Maria is assigned to the Special Unit of the Royal Malaysian Police force. She falls in love with Dr. Faris and her unit has been directed to smash a syndicate which is trafficking ecstasy pills and drugs in the city. Meanwhile, Mariana is visited by Remy, a colleague who is attracted to her, roy, her ex-boyfriend reappears causing turmoil in her life and Mariana reverts to her old wild ways. The relationship between the two sisters, Maria and Mariana consequently becomes strained again, Maria Mariana II at Filem Malaysia Maria Mariana II at the Internet Movie Database
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