Zionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in late 19th-century Europe to establish and support a Jewish homeland through colonization in the region of Palestine, which roughly corr
Theodor Herzl was the founder of the modern Zionist movement. In his 1896 pamphlet Der Judenstaat, he envisioned the founding of a future independent Jewish state during the 20th century.
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858–1922), founder and leader of the movement to revive the Hebrew language, is considered the father of Modern Hebrew.
"Memorandum to the Protestant Powers of the North of Europe and America", published in the Colonial Times (Hobart, Tasmania, Australia), in 1841
Front page of The Jewish Chronicle, January 17, 1896, showing an article by Theodor Herzl, a month prior to the publication of his pamphlet Der Judenstaat
Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism. Although anti-Zionism is a heterogeneous phenomenon, all its proponents agree that the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, and the movement to create a sove
The August 1917 memorandum by Edwin Montagu, the only Jew then in a senior British government position, stating his opposition to the pro-Zionist Balfour Declaration, which he described as "antisemitic in result"
Henryk Ehrlich of the General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland wrote in 1938 that "the Zionists regard themselves as second class citizens in Poland. Their aim is to be first class citizens in Palestine and make the Arabs second class citizens," and that "Zionism, in point of fact, has always been a Siamese twin of antisemitism."
Dutch Jewish lawyer, journalist, and poet Jacob Israël de Haan became active against Zionism after having migrated to Palestine. In 1924, Haganah member Avraham Tehomi assassinated de Haan in Jerusalem on the orders of leader Yitzhak Ben-Zvi before de Haan was due to go to London to advocate against Zionism.
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II firmly maintained his anti-Zionist position to secure Palestine until the Young Turk revolution