Znamenny Chant is a singing tradition used by some in the Russian Eastern Orthodox Church. Znamenny Chant is a unison, melismatic liturgical singing that has its own specific notation, called the stolp notation. The symbols used in the stolp notation are called kryuki or znamëna. Often the names of the signs are used to refer to the stolp notation. Znamenny melodies are part of a system, consisting of 'eight tones' ; the melodies are characterized by fluency and balance.
A hand-drawn lubok featuring 'hook and banner notation'
A neume is the basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.
"Iubilate deo universa terra" shows psalm verses in unheightened cheironomic neumes.
Cistercian neumes, St. Denis/St. Evrault, North France, 12th century. (Quon)iam prevenisti eum in benedictione and Offertorium. In omnem terram exivit sonus. Variation of the letter F to the left of each line.
"Gaudeamus omnes", from the Graduale Aboense, was scripted using square notation.