The method of Zygalski sheets was a cryptologic technique used by the Polish Cipher Bureau before and during World War II, and during the war also by British cryptologists at Bletchley Park, to decrypt messages enciphered on German Enigma machines.
A Zygalski sheet
Demonstration of two perforated sheets at Bletchley Park Museum
The Cipher Bureau was the interwar Polish General Staff's Second Department's unit charged with SIGINT and both cryptography and cryptanalysis.
General Staff building (Saxon Palace), destroyed in World War II. The arcade still shelters Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, before which stood Thorvaldsen's equestrian statue of Prince Józef Poniatowski. In this building, from 1932, the Cipher Bureau broke the German plugboard military Enigma.
Enigma, an electro-mechanical rotor machine with scrambler comprising entry drum, three rotors, and reflector. This military model also has a plugboard.
Marian Rejewski when he first reconstructed Enigma
A Zygalski perforated sheet (1938)