1.
Bullet
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The word bullet is a firearm term. A bullet is a projectile expelled from the barrel of a firearm, the term is from Middle French and originated as the diminutive of the word boulle which means small ball. Bullets are made of a variety of materials and they are available singly as they would be used in muzzle loading and cap and ball firearms, as part of a paper cartridge, and much more commonly as a component of metallic cartridges. Bullets are made in a numbers of styles and constructions depending on how they will be used. Many bullets have specialized functions, such as hunting, target shooting, training, defense, a bullet is not a cartridge. In paper and metallic cartridges a bullet is one component of the cartridge, bullet sizes are expressed by their weight and diameter in both English and Metric measurement systems. For example.22 caliber 55 grain bullets or 5. 56mm 55 grain bullets are the same caliber, the word bullet is often used colloquially to refer to a cartridge, which is a combination of the bullet, paper or metallic case/shell, powder, and primer. This use of bullet, when cartridge is intended, leads to confusion when the components of a cartridge are discussed or intended, the bullets used in many cartridges are fired at a muzzle velocity faster than the speed of sound. Meaning they are supersonic and thus can travel a substantial distance, bullet speed through air depends on a number of factors such as barometric pressure, humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. Subsonic cartridges fire bullets slower than the speed of sound and so there is no sonic crack and this means that a subsonic cartridge such as.45 ACP can be effectively suppressed to be substantially quieter than a supersonic cartridge such as the.223 Remington. Bullets do not normally contain explosives, but damage the target by impact. The first use of gunpowder in Europe was recorded in 1247 and it had been used in China for hundreds of years. Later in 1364 hand cannon appeared, early projectiles were made of stone. Stone was used in cannon and hand cannon, in cannon it was eventually found that stone would not penetrate stone fortifications which gave rise to the use of heavier metals for the round projectiles. Hand cannon projectiles developed in a similar following the failure of stone from siege cannon. The first recorded instance of a ball from a hand cannon penetrating armor occurred in 1425. In this photograph of shot retrieved from the wreck of the Mary Rose which was sunk in 1545, the round shot are clearly of different sizes and some are stone while others are cast iron. The development of the hand culverin and matchlock arquebus brought about the use of cast lead balls as projectiles, bullet is derived from the French word boulette, which roughly means little ball
2.
Gunpowder
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Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate, the sulfur and charcoal act as fuels, and the saltpeter is an oxidizer. Black powder firearms are in limited use today in hunting, shooting, Black powder has been replaced for most industrial uses by high explosives such as dynamite. Black powder is assigned the UN number UN0027 and has a class of 1. 1D. It has a point of approximately 427–464 °C. The specific flash point may vary based on the composition of the gunpowder. Gunpowders specific gravity is 1. 70–1.82 or 1. 92–2.08, Gunpowder is classified as a low explosive because of its relatively slow decomposition rate and consequently low brisance. Low explosives deflagrate at subsonic speeds, whereas high explosives detonate, ignition of the powder packed behind a bullet must generate enough pressure to force it from the muzzle at high speed, but not enough to rupture the gun barrel. Gunpowder thus makes a good propellant, but is suitable for shattering rock or fortifications. Gunpowder was widely used to fill artillery shells and in mining and civil engineering to blast rock until the half of the 19th century. Black powder is used as a delay element in various munitions where its slow-burning properties are valuable. The spread of gunpowder across Asia from China is widely attributed to the Mongols, the earliest record of a written formula for gunpowder appears in the 11th century Song dynasty text, Wujing Zongyao. This discovery led to the invention of fireworks and the earliest gunpowder weapons in China, in the centuries following the Chinese discovery, gunpowder weapons began appearing in the Muslim world and Europe. The technology spread from China through the Middle East or Central Asia, the earliest Western accounts of gunpowder appear in texts written by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century. The most ardent protagonists were Nathaniel Halhad, Johann Backmann, Quintin Craufurd, however, due to lack of sufficient proof, these theories have not been widely accepted. A major problem confronting the study of the history of gunpowder is ready access to sources close to the events described. The translation difficulty has led to errors or loose interpretations bordering on artistic licence, early writings potentially mentioning gunpowder are sometimes marked by a linguistic process where old words acquired new meanings. For instance, the Arabic word naft transitioned from denoting naphtha to denoting gunpowder, saltpeter was known to the Chinese by the mid-1st century AD and there is strong evidence of the use of saltpeter and sulfur in various largely medicinal combinations
3.
Cartridge (firearms)
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Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of caseless ammunition. A cartridge without a bullet is called a blank, One that is completely inert is called a dummy. Some artillery ammunition uses the same concept as found in small arms. In other cases, the shell is separate from the propellant charge. In popular use, the bullet is often misused to refer to a complete cartridge. The cartridge case seals a firing chamber in all directions excepting the bore, a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites it. The primer compound deflagrates, it does not detonate, a jet of burning gas from the primer ignites the propellant. Gases from the burning powder pressurize and expand the case to seal it against the chamber wall and these propellant gases push on the bullet base. In response to pressure, the bullet will move in the path of least resistance which is down the bore of the barrel. After the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops to atmospheric pressure. The case, which had been expanded by chamber pressure. This eases removal of the case from the chamber, brass is a commonly used case material because it is resistant to corrosion. A brass case head can be work-hardened to withstand the pressures of cartridges. The neck and body portion of a case is easily annealed to make the case ductile enough to allow reforming so that it can be reloaded many times. Steel is used in some plinking ammunition, as well as in military ammunition. Steel is less expensive than brass, but it is not feasible to reload, Military forces typically consider small arms cartridge cases to be disposable, one-time-use devices. However, case weight affects how much ammunition a soldier can carry, conversely, steel is more susceptible to contamination and damage so all such cases are varnished or otherwise sealed against the elements. One downside caused by the strength of steel in the neck of these cases is that propellant gas can blow back past the neck
4.
Colt's Manufacturing Company
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Colts Manufacturing Company is an American firearms manufacturer, founded in 1855 by Samuel Colt. It is the corporation to Colts earlier firearms-making efforts, which started in 1836. Colts earliest designs played a role in the popularization of the revolver. Although Samuel Colt did not invent the concept, his designs resulted in the first very successful ones. The most famous Colt products include the Colt Walker, made 1847 in the facilities of Eli Whitney Jr. Though they did not develop it, for a long time Colt was also responsible for all AR-15 and M16 rifle production. The most successful and famous of these are numerous M16 carbines, including the Colt Commando family, in 2002, Colt Defense was split off from Colts Manufacturing Company. Colts Manufacturing Company now serves the market, while Colt Defense serves the law enforcement, military. The two companies remained in the same West Hartford, Connecticut location cross-licensing certain merchandise before reuniting in 2013, following the loss of its M4 contract in 2013, Colt was briefly in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, starting in 2015. Samuel Colt received a British patent on his design for a revolver in 1835. That same year, he founded his first corporation for its manufacture, the first firearm manufactured at the new Paterson plant, however, was the Colt First Model Ring Lever rifle beginning in 1837. This was followed thereafter in late 1837 by the introduction of the Colt Paterson. This corporation suffered quality problems in production, making firearms with interchangeable parts was still rather new, and it was not yet easy to replicate across different factories. Interchangeability was not complete in the Paterson works, and traditional gunsmithing techniques did not fill the gap entirely there, the Colt Paterson revolver found patchy success and failure, some worked well, while others had problems. The United States Marine Corps and United States Army reported quality problems with these earliest Colt revolvers, production had ended at the New Jersey corporation by 1842. Colt made another attempt at revolver production in 1846 and submitted a prototype to the US government, during the Mexican–American War, this prototype was seen by Captain Samuel Hamilton Walker who made some suggestions to Colt about making it in a larger caliber. Having no factory or machinery to produce the pistols, Samuel Colt collaborated with the Whitney armory of Whitneyville and this armory was run by the family of Eli Whitney. Eli Whitney Jr, the son of the patriarch, was the head of the family armory
5.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
6.
Colt M1892
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The M1892 Colt Army & Navy was the first general issue double-action with a swing-out cylinder revolver used by the U. S. military. In 1892 the gun was adopted by the Army in.38 Long Colt caliber, initial experience with the gun caused officials to request some improvements. This would be a condition, resulting in Models 1892,1894,1895,1896,1901 and 1903. It was easily manipulated by the thumb of the right hand, empty cases were removed by simply pushing back on an ejector rod to activate a star extractor. The six-shooter could then be reloaded and the cylinder clicked back into place. Sights were the rounded front blade and topstrap notch. The finish on all military revolvers was blue, though civilian guns could be had nickeled or with special finishes. In 1908, Colt improved and strengthened the lockwork, and changed the cylinder rotation to a clockwise movement, a Model 1892 revolver was recovered from the USS Maine after it exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898. It was presented to then-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, Roosevelt brandished this pistol to rally his Rough Riders during the famed charge up San Juan Hill on July 1,1898. This revolver was on display at Sagamore Hill and was stolen there in 1963, recovered. It was recovered in 2006 and returned to Sagamore Hill on June 14,2006 and this revolver was thought of as a decent handgun for its time, but complaints arose from the military concerning the revolvers cartridge chambering. Beginning in 1899, combat reports arose from the Philippines campaign regarding the performance of the M1892s. 38-caliber ammunition. Specifically, users complained that the.38 bullet repeatedly failed to stop charging enemy tribesmen at close ranges, both.38 Special and.357 Magnum will chamber in Colt New Army revolvers, due to the straight walled chambers in later models, built primarily after 1903. Colt removed the shoulders that previously prevented.38 Special from being loaded into the cylinder, guns bearing serial numbers 225, xxx and higher were equipped with a smaller diameter bore and could chamber.38 Special and fire it safely. High pressure loads in.38 Special, such as +P or +P+ loads, caution must be exercised in the use of these older guns as higher operating pressures will cause damage to the gun and could injure the shooter. The only rounds that may be used in guns manufactured before 1903, are.38 Short. The Colt Revolver in the American West—Model 1903 New Army and Navy
7.
.38 Short Colt
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The.38 Short Colt /.38 Short Center Fire was a heeled bullet cartridge intended for metallic cartridge conversions of the.36 cal cap & ball Colt 1851 Navy Revolver from the American Civil War era. Later, this cartridge was fitted with a 0.359 diameter inside-lubricated bullet in the 125–135 grain range, visually, it resembles a.38 S&W but the case dimensions are slightly different. The.38 Short Colt case is the parent to.38 Long Colt, the round was produced in two lengths. The classic.38 Short Colt M1874 is. mm and it is the original and standard.38 Short Colt cartridge and was designed for use in the Colt New Line revolver. The shorter.38 Short Colt M1919 was. mm, the.38 Short Colt M1919 was designed for the.38 Colt Police revolver, but was discontinued in the 1920s due to its unpopularity. Remington is one of the few producers of this cartridge today with a 125grs LRN bullet, magtech produces this grain weight and Ten-x manufactures a 95gr load, as well as blanks. There is no problem firing this cartridge in.38 Special or.357 Magnum revolvers, the bullet jump has not, however, been proven to have any effect on accuracy
8.
Heeled bullet
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The heeled bullet design has many advantages, mainly when coupled with the straight or slightly tapered walled cases it appeared in. For pistols, converting a cap and ball revolver to use cartridges was as simple as cutting off part of the rear of the cylinder, replacing it with a frame-mounted ring, one of the primary reasons for the change was the issue of lubrication. Lead bullets, especially soft, low lead used in low pressure cartridges. This lubricant can be applied either to the portion of the heeled bullet, called outside lubricated, or on the portion inside the case. Outside lubrication requires a hard, dry lubricant, as anything soft or sticky will rub off or pick up dirt that comes in contact. While there were some methods patented to allow inside lubrication of heeled bullets, they never became popular, due to the complexity, non-heeled bullets, however, can easily be lubricated on the portion inside the case using a grease groove packed with lubricant. This prevents the lubricant, usually a grease or wax, from picking up dirt, arguably, heeled bullets are still very common because, while very few calibers use them, the.22 Long Rifle does, and it is the most commonly used cartridge in the world. The other cartridges in the.22 Long Rifle family, the.22 Short.22 Long.22 CB and.22 BB, a few other heeled-bullet cartridges are available, but they all originated in the late 19th century. The recent gains in popularity of Cowboy Action Shooting has increased interest in these old cartridges, to convert a heeled-bullet cartridge to a non-heeled design, it was necessary to either enlarge the case diameter, or shrink the bullet and bore diameter. Examples of both choices can be found, but some of the evident and confusing examples are cases where the bullet diameter was reduced. Many shooters wonder why a.38 caliber firearm actually shoots bullets of diameter.357 inches, and a.44 caliber firearm shoots. 429-inch-diameter bullets. In both of these cases, the name of the caliber derives from older designs. The.38 S&W cartridge, for example, dates from 1877 and has a nominal outside case diameter of.380 inches, while the inside of the case is.357 inches. The later.38 Special continued the trend, and even automatic pistol cartridges like the.38 Super and.380 ACP retained the.38 caliber designation and this continued until 1935 and the introduction of the.38 Special-based.357 Magnum cartridge. The newer.44 Magnum, however, retained the designation of its parent.44 Special cartridge, the legacy of heeled bullets is the cause of confusion among many shooting enthusiasts over the actual physical diameters of the bullets they fire in their guns
9.
Muzzle energy
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Muzzle energy is the kinetic energy of a bullet as it is expelled from the muzzle of a firearm. It is often used as an indication of the destructive potential of a given firearm or load. The heavier the bullet and especially the faster it moves, the higher its muzzle energy, the general formula for the kinetic energy is E k =12 m v 2 where v is the velocity of the bullet m is the mass of the bullet. A subsonic variant of ammunition that would otherwise be supersonic has its velocity limited to less than the speed of sound, for ammunition with this limitation the muzzle energy is variable only with respect to the bullet mass m. In the SI system the above Ek will be in unit joule if the mass, m, is in kilogram, in United States engineering units, particular care must be taken to ensure that consistent units are used. Mass, m, is given in grains and the speed, v, in feet per second but kinetic energy. Most sporting arms publications within the United States report muzzle energies in foot-pound force.163 ft/s2 rather than the standard of 32.1739 ft/s2 is used. The formula therefore becomes E k =12 m v 2 × The bullet energy, remaining energy, down range energy, and impact energy of a projectile may also be calculated using the above formulas. It must be stressed that muzzle energy is dependent upon the previously listed. Also note that the energy is only an upper limit for how much energy is transmitted to the target. While the above list mentions some averages, there is variation in commercial ammunition. A180 grain bullet fired from.357 magnum handgun can achieve an energy of 580 foot-pounds. A110 grain bullet fired from the gun might only achieve 400 foot-pounds of muzzle energy. Some.45 Colt ammunition can produce 1,200 foot-pounds of muzzle energy, some jurisdictions stipulate minimum muzzle energies for hunting. In Germany airsoft guns with an energy of no more than 0.5 J are exempt from the gun law. Free recoil Muzzle velocity Power factor Edward F. Obert, Thermodynamics, Mc Graw-Hill encyclopedia of Science and Technology, volume ebe-eye and ice-lev, 9th Edition, Mc Graw-Hill,2002
10.
.22 Long Rifle
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The.22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge is a long-established variety of ammunition, and in terms of units sold is still by far the most common in the world today. The cartridge is often referred to simply as.22 LR and various rifles, pistols, revolvers, and even some smoothbore shotguns have been manufactured in this caliber. American firearms manufacturer J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company introduced the cartridge in 1887 by combining the casing of the.22 Long with the 40-grain bullet of the.22 Extra Long. The round owes its origin to the Flobert BB cap of 1845 through the.22 Smith & Wesson cartridge of 1857 and it is one of the few cartridges that are accepted by a large variety of rifles, as well as pistols. The.22 Long Rifle and related cartridges use a bullet, which means that the bullet is the same diameter as the case. Low cost, minimal recoil, and relatively low noise make the.22 LR an ideal cartridge for recreational shooting, initial training, small-game hunting. Used by Boy Scouts for the rifle shooting merit badge, the cartridge is popular among novice shooters, a wide variety of rimfire ammunition is available commercially, and the available ammunition varies widely both in price and performance. Bullet weights among commercially available range from 20 to 60 grains. Promotional loads for plinking can be purchased in bulk for significantly less cost than precision target rounds, the low cost of ammunition has a substantial effect on the popularity of the.22 LR. For this reason, rimfire cartridges are used for target practice. The low recoil of the cartridge makes it ideal for introductory firearms courses, novice shooters can be surprised or frightened by the recoil of more powerful rounds. Beginners shooting firearms beyond their comfort level frequently develop a habit of flinching in an attempt to counter anticipated recoil, the resulting habit impedes correct posture and follow-through at the most critical phase of the shot and is difficult to correct. With high recoil eliminated, other errors in marksmanship technique are easier to identify, available for this round are AR-15 upper receivers and M1911 slide assemblies. Many handgun manufacturers have an upper pistol conversion kit to make it shoot.22 ammunition and these rimfire conversions allow shooters to practice inexpensively while retaining the handling characteristics of their chosen firearms. Additionally.22 conversion kits allow practice at indoor ranges which prohibit high-power firearms, annual production is estimated by some at 2–2.5 billion rounds. The NSSF estimates that half of the US production of 10 billion cartridges is composed of. 22LR, performance varies between barrel length and the type of action. For example, bolt-action rifles may perform differently from semiautomatic rifles, the.22 LR is effective to 150 yd, though practical ranges tend to be less. After 150 yd, the ballistics of the round are such that it will be difficult to compensate for the large drop, the relatively short effective range, low report, and light recoil has made it a favorite for use as a target-practice cartridge
11.
Moro people
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There are around 13 indigenous communities, of which the majority have converted to the religion of Islam and are now Muslims or Moros, most are the followers of Islam of the Shafii madhhab. The term Moro came into use during the Spanish colonial period by the Spaniards and it was originally used to refer to the Berber/Arab Muslims who ruled Muslim Spain, but for a time it came to be used informally by the Spaniards to refer to all Muslims. The term is also self-prescribed by the communities themselves, on both declarations, the signatories used the word, Moro Nation which translates as Bangsa Moro. In modern history, influential groups such as the Moro National Liberation Front espoused the Moro identity to unify all Muslim groups in the Philippines and this is different from the Filipino identity as it was more seen as an epithet to Catholic converted ethnic groups. The Moro people mostly live in Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, many Moros also have emigrated to Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei in the last half of the 20th century due to the conflict in the Southern Philippines. Newer communities can be today in Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, Semporna in neighbouring Sabah, Malaysia, North Kalimantan in Indonesia. The recently coined term Bangsamoro, derived from the old Malay word bangsa, the term Bangsamoro carries the aspiration of the Filipino Muslims to have an Islamic country or state. The term was used again by the Spanish when they arriving in the Philippine archipelago. Marvic Leonen, who was the Chief Peace Negotiator for Philippine government with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, has said, There is Bangsamoro, the place, there is Bangsamoro, the identity. The established historical, social and political factors of the Moro communities made them a separate country unethically annexed to the emerging Philippine Republic. It was later adopted as a name for separatist organisations such as the Moro National Liberation Front, the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro recognises Bangsamoro as an identity and calls for the creation of a new autonomous political entity called Bangsamoro. The native Moro Communities of Mindanao and Sulu are termed considered as Filipino Muslim by the Philippine government and it includes the cities of Cotabato, Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Iligan, Marawi. Conflict immediately broke out on the following the decision, with nearly half a million people displaced. This definition of the people by the bangsamoro is purely owned by the bangsamoro. Moro by definition still means Muslim who are still the minority population of Mindanao, the Bangsamoro share similarities with the Malay people of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore and southern Thailand, while being distinct from them. Islam is the most dominant influence on the Moro cultures since the era of the Sultanate of Maguindanao, large and small mosques can be found all over the region. In accordance with Islamic Law, alcohol and fornication are prohibited, pork and pork byproducts are not permissible. Another practice is fasting during Ramadan and providing charity for the poor, the Hajj is also a major requirement as it is one of the five pillars of Islam
12.
Moro Rebellion
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The Moro Rebellion was an armed conflict between the Moro people and the United States military. The word Moro is a term for ethnic Muslims who lived in the Southern Philippines, an area that includes Mindanao, Jolo, the Moros have a 400-year history of resisting foreign rule. The 400-year-long resistance against the Japanese, Americans, and Spanish by the Moro Muslims persisted and morphed into their current war for independence against the Philippine state, a culture of jihad emerged among the Moros due to the centuries long war against the Spanish invaders. The United States claimed the territories of the Philippines after the Spanish–American War, the ethnic Moro Muslim population of the southern Philippines resisted both Spanish and United States colonization. The Spaniards were restricted to a handful of coastal garrisons or Forts, after a series of unsuccessful attempts during the centuries of Spanish rule in the Philippines, Spanish forces occupied the abandoned city of Jolo, Sulu, the seat of the Sultan of Sulu, in 1876. The Spaniards and the Sultan of Sulu signed the Spanish Treaty of Peace on July 22,1878, control of the Sulu archipelago outside of the Spanish garrisons was handed to the Sultan. Despite the very nominal claim to the Moro territories, Spain ceded them to the United States in the Treaty of Paris which signaled the end of the Spanish–American War. Following the American occupation of the Northern Philippines during 1899, Spanish forces in the Southern Philippines were abolished, American forces took control over the Spanish government in Jolo on May 18,1899, and at Zamboanga in December 1899. The Moros resisted the new American colonizers like they did the Spanish, the Spanish, American, and Philippine governments have all been fought against by the Muslims of Sulu and Mindanao. Despite the sultans pan-Islamic ideology, he aided the American forces because he felt no need to cause hostilities between the West and Muslims. Abdul Hamid wrote the letter, which was sent to Mecca where two Sulu chiefs brought it home to Sulu and it was successful, and the Sulu Mohammedans. Refused to join the insurrectionists and had placed themselves under the control of army, as the Moros have never asked more than that, it is not surprising, that they refused all overtures made, by Aguinaldos agents, at the time of the Filipino insurrection. If the reader will pause to consider what this means in men and also the millions in money, he will appreciate this wonderful piece of diplomacy, Once the Americans subdued the northern Filipinos, the Bates Treaty with the Moros was violated by the Americans and they invaded Moroland. After the war in 1915, the Americans imposed the Carpenter Treaty on Sulu, First Republic forces in the southern Philippines were commanded by General Nicolas Capistrano, and American forces conducted an expedition against him in the winter of 1900–1901. On March 27,1901, Capistrano surrendered, a few days later, General Emilio Aguinaldo was captured in Luzon. This major victory in the war in the north allowed the Americans to devote resources to the south. On August 31,1901, Brig. Gen. George Whitefield Davis replaced Kobbe as the commander of the Department of Mindanao-Jolo, Davis adopted a conciliatory policy towards the Moros. American forces under his command had standing orders to buy Moro produce when possible, peaceful Moros would not be disarmed
13.
Colt Single Action Army
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The Colt SAA has been offered in over 30 different calibers and various barrel lengths. Its overall appearance has remained consistent since 1873, Colt has discontinued its production twice, but brought it back due to popular demand. The revolver was popular with ranchers, lawmen, and outlaws alike and its design has influenced the production of numerous other models from other companies. The Colt SAA revolver is a piece of Americana, known as The Gun That Won the West. For the design, Colt turned to two of its best engineers, William Mason and Charles Brinckerhoff Richards who had developed a number of revolvers and black powder conversions for the company. Their effort was designed for the United States government service revolver trials of 1872 by Colts Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, production began in 1873 with the Single Action Army model 1873, also referred to as the New Model Army Metallic Cartridge Revolving Pistol. The very first production Single Action Army, serial number 1, thought lost for years after its production, was found in a barn in Nashua. It was chambered in.45 Colt, a centerfire design containing charges of up to 40 grains of fine-grained black powder, relative to period cartridges and most later handgun rounds, it was quite powerful in its full loading. The Colt Single Action Army revolver, along with the 1870 and 1875 Smith & Wesson Model 3 Schofield revolver, the Colt.45 is a famous piece of American history, known as The Gun That Won the West. The Single Action Army became available in barrel lengths of 4¾, 5½ as well as the Cavalry standard. The shorter barrelled revolvers are sometimes called the Civilian or Gunfighter model, there was also a variant with a sub 4 barrel, without an ejector rod unofficially referred to as the Sheriffs Model, Bankers Special, or Storekeeper. From 1875 until 1880 Colt marketed a single-action revolver in.44 rimfire Henry caliber in a number range from no.1 to 1,863. A Flattop Target Model was listed in Colts catalogs from 1890 to 1898, Colt manufactured 914 of these revolvers with a frame which was flat on top and fitted with an adjustable leaf rear sight. The front sight consisted of a base with an interchangeable blade, in 1920, larger, highly visible sights replaced the original thin blade and notch. The revolvers remained essentially unchanged from that point until cessation of manufacture at the beginning of World War II, from 1873 through 1940, production of the Colt Single Action Army reached 357,859. This is identified as the Pre War or First Generation of the model, calibers, at least thirty in all, ranged from.22 rimfire through.476 Eley, with approximately half, or 158,884, chambered for.45 Colt. The next most prevalent were the. 44-40 Winchester Center fire at 71,392, 38-40 at 50,520, 32-20 Winchester at 43,284 and, the 41 Colt at 19,676. All original, good condition, U. S. Cavalry and Artillery Single Action Armies are among the most valuable to collectors, especially valuable, often going for well over $10,000, are the OWA and the rare Henry Nettleton inspected Single Action Army Colts
14.
.45 Colt
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The.45 Colt or.45 Long Colt cartridge is a handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It is a black-powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver and this cartridge was adopted by the U. S. Army in 1873 and served as an official US military handgun cartridge for 14 years. Colt began work on the revolver in 1871, and submitted a sample to the U. S. Army in late 1872, the revolver was accepted for purchase in 1873. The cartridge is an inside lubricated type, the rebated heel type bullet design of its predecessor, the.44 Colt, was eliminated, since it was an outside lubricated type, which would pick up dirt and grit during handling. The.45 Colt replaced the.50 caliber Model 1871 Remington single shot pistol, while the Colt remained popular, the Smith & Wesson M1875 Army Schofield Revolver was approved as an alternate which created a logistic problem for the Army. Adoption of the.45 M1887 Military Ball Cartridge resolved the Armys ammunition logistic problems, the M1887 Govt round was replaced by the.38 Long Colt in 1892. In 1909, the.45 M1909 round was issued along with the.45 Colt New Service revolver and this round was never loaded commercially, and is almost identical to the original.45 Colt round, except having a larger diameter rim. The rim is large enough that it cannot be loaded in adjacent chambers in the rod-ejector Colt model, the.45 Colt remains popular with renewed interest in Cowboy Action Shooting. The modern.45 Colt bullet has changed as well, and it is now.451 inches in diameter for jacketed bullets, the.45 Colt became the basis for other rounds, such as the.454 Casull. The.45 Colt originally was a cartridge, but modern loadings use smokeless powder. The original black-powder loads called for 28 to 40 grains of powder behind a 230-to-255-grain lead bullet. These loads developed muzzle velocities of up to 1,050 ft/s, because of this power and its excellent accuracy, the.45 Colt was the most-used cartridge at the time of its introduction, succeeding the.44 WCF. The.45 Colt at that time did not enjoy the. 44-40s advantage of a Winchester rifle chambered for it, the rumor was that early.45 Colt cartridges had a very minimal rim, and would not eject reliably. Currently manufactured brass has a rim of adequate diameter for such uses, modern Winchesters, Marlins and replicas have remedied this omission almost 100 years after the fact, and the.45 Colt is now available in modern lever-action rifles. While this has one of numerous arguments to explain the lack of a rifle chambered in.45 Colt, in fact. It required the expiration of those original patents for the.45 Colt to become available in a rifle, todays standard factory loads develop around 400 ft·lbf of muzzle energy at about 860 ft/s, making it roughly equivalent to modern.45 ACP loads. There are Cowboy Action Shooting loads which develop muzzle velocities of around 750 ft/s, cartridges of the World states that.45 Colt should never be loaded to more than 800 fps. Some handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the class as the.44 Magnum using special revolvers
15.
Colt M1878
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The Colt M1878 is a double-action revolver that was manufactured by Colts Manufacturing Company from 1878 to 1907. It is often referred to as the Frontier or the Double Action Army revolver, a total of 51,210 Model 1878 revolvers were manufactured from 1878 to 1907, including 4,600 for the US Ordnance Department. These are known as the Philippine or Alaskan models, samuel Colt experimented with double-action revolver systems, but he considered them to be unreliable. The M1878 was designed by William Mason, Colts factory manager and Charles Brinckerhoff Richards and it was similar in design to the Colt Model 1877. The Model 1878 was considered a more robust and reliable design than the Model 1877, the design of the Model 1878 was based on the Model 1877, which in turn was based heavily on the design of the earlier Colt Single Action Army revolver. The double-action revolver is not dramatically different in design than the single-action revolver, a strut is added to connect the trigger movement to the hammer. The top of the trigger slips beyond the strut so that the hammer will stay in full if it is pulled back manually. At one time, the factory modified Model 1878 cylinders for use in single-action revolvers in an attempt to use up spare parts. The Model 1878 was available in.45 Colt. 32-20.38 Colt. 38-40.41 Colt. 44-40.455 Webley, the most popular calibers were.45 and. 44-40. Standard grips were black checkered hard rubber but some early revolvers were produced with checkered walnut grips, barrel lengths available were 3, 3-1/2,4, 4-3/4, 5-1/2, and 7-1/2 inches. Revolvers with 4-inch and shorter barrels did not have an ejector, in 1902,4,600 Model 1878 revolvers were produced for a U. S. Army contract. They were intended to equip the Philippine Constabulary under Brigadier General Henry T. Allen in the Philippine Insurrection and these revolvers had a 6-inch barrel, a hard rubber grip, and were chambered for the.45 Colt round. They had a main spring and a longer trigger to give the user more leverage. The strengthened main spring was necessary to fire the.45 Government rounds with a less sensitive compared to the civil.45 LC ammunition. Many people have assumed that this was to allow the revolver to be operated while wearing gloves. The Colt Revolver in the American West—Double Action Frontier
16.
Colt New Service
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The Colt New Service is a double-action revolver made by Colt from 1898 until 1941. It was adopted by the U. S. Armed Forces in caliber 45 Revolver Model of 1909 as the Model 1909 U. S. Army, Marine Corps Model 1909, Model 1909 U. S. Navy, the Model 1917 was created to supplement insufficient stocks of M1911 pistols during World War I. The Colt New Service was the largest revolver ever manufactured by Colt, there are several generational variants including the Old Model, Transitional Model, Improved Model and Late Model. A Target Model, Shooting Master and Deluxe Target Model were offered as well, the Colt M1917 Revolver was a New Service with a cylinder bored to take the.45 ACP cartridge and the half-moon clips to hold the rimless cartridges in position. Later production Colt M1917 revolvers had headspacing machined into the cylinder chambers, during its lifetime, the Colt New Service was the most popular revolver made by Colt, surpassing 150,000 units. After World War I, the revolver gained a following among civilian shooters. John Henry Fitzgerald was an employee of Colt prior to World War II and was known to carry of a pair of New Service Fitz Specials in his front pockets. These revolvers had bobbed hammers,2 barrels, shortened and rounded grip frames, although less than 30 left the factory, it became an after-market conversion for many gunsmiths. Colonels Rex Applegate and Charles Askins were proponents of this model, in 1899 Canada acquired a number of New Service revolvers for Boer War service, to supplement its existing Model 1878 Colt Double Action revolvers in the same caliber. In 1904/5 the North-West Mounted Police in Canada also adopted the Colt New Service to replace the less-than satisfactory Enfield Mk II revolver in service since 1882, New Service revolvers, designated as Pistol, Colt. 455-inch 5. 5-inch barrel Mk. I, chambered for the.455 Webley cartridge were acquired for issue as substitute standard by the British War Department during World War I. British Empire Colt New Service Revolvers were stamped NEW SERVICE.455 ELEY on the barrel, British Empire and Canadian forces received 60,000 Colt New Service revolvers during World War I and they continued to see official service with US until the end of World War II. Antique Guns Chamberlain & Taylerson, W. H. J, Revolvers of the British Services, 1854-1954. Bloomfield, ON and Alexandria Bay, NY, Museum Restoration Service, bloomfield, ON and Alexandria Bay, NY, Museum Restoration Service. Maze, Robert J. Howdah to High Power, A Century of Breechloading Service Pistols, aledo, Illinois, World-Wide Gun Report, Inc. Phillips & Klancher, Roger F. & Donald J. Arms & Accoutrements of the Mounted Police, 1873-1973. Bloomfield, ON and Alexandria Bay, NY, Museum Restoration Service, the Colt Revolver in the American West—New Service Guns and Ammo Magazine article on Colt New Service Revolver Colt New Service Revolver
17.
.38 Special
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The.38 Smith & Wesson Special is a rimmed, centerfire cartridge designed by Smith & Wesson. It is most commonly used in revolvers, although some semi-automatic pistols, in other parts of the world, it is known by its metric designation of 9×29. 5mmR or 9. 1×29mmR. Noted for its accuracy and manageable recoil, the.38 Special remains the most popular cartridge in the world more than a century after its introduction. It is used for shooting, formal target competition, personal defense. Despite its name, the caliber of the.38 Special cartridge is actually. 357–.358 inches, except for case length, the.38 Special is identical to the.38 Short Colt.38 Long Colt, and.357 Magnum. This allows the.38 Special round to be fired in revolvers chambered for the.357 Magnum. Upon its introduction, the.38 Special was originally loaded with black powder and this.38 Special variant incorporated a 200 grains round-nosed lead Lubaloy bullet, the.38 Super Police. Remington-Peters also introduced a similar loading, testing revealed that the longer, heavier 200 grains. 357-calibre bullet fired at low velocity tended to keyhole or tumble upon impact, providing more shock effect against unprotected personnel. This cartridge was called the.38 S&W Super Police or the. 38/200, britain would later adopt the. 38/200 as its standard military handgun cartridge. In 1930, Smith & Wesson introduced a large frame.38 Special revolver with a 5-inch barrel and fixed sights intended for police use, the following year, a new high-power loading called the. That same year, Colt Firearms announced that their Colt Official Police would also handle high-speed.38 Special loadings, the. 38/44 high-speed cartridge came in three bullet weights,158 grains,150 and 110 grains, with either coated lead or steel jacket, metal-piercing bullets. The media attention gathered by the. 38/44 and its ammunition eventually led Smith & Wesson to develop a new cartridge with a longer case length in 1934—this was the.357 Magnum. During World War II, some U. S. aircrew were issued.38 Special S&W Victory revolvers as sidearms in the event of a forced landing, the new military.38 Special loading propelled its 158 grains bullet at a standard 850 ft/s from a 4-inch revolver barrel. During the war, many U. S. naval and marine aircrew were also issued red-tipped.38 Special tracer rounds using either a 120 or 158 gr bullet for emergency signaling purposes. In 1956, the U. S. Air Force adopted the Cartridge, Caliber.38, Ball M41, a military variant of the.38 Special cartridge designed to conform to the rules of land warfare. By 1961, a slightly revised M41.38 cartridge specification known as the Cartridge, Caliber.38 Ball, Special, a variant of the standard M41 cartridge with a semi-pointed, unjacketed lead bullet was later adopted for CONUS police and security personnel. At the same time.38 tracer cartridges were reintroduced by the US Navy, Marines, tracer cartridges in.38 Special caliber of different colors were issued, generally as part of a standard aircrew survival vest kit. A request for more powerful.38 Special ammunition for use by Air Police and security personnel resulted in the Caliber.38 Special, Ball, in 1972, the Federal Bureau of Investigation introduced a new.38 +P loading that became known as the FBI Load
18.
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
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Table of selected handgun, submachine gun, rifle and machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load, number of manufacturers currently producing complete cartridges - e. g. Norma, RWS, Hornady, Winchester, Federal, Remington, Sellier&Bellot, Prvi Partizan. May be none for obsolete and wildcat cartridges, a guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The. 30-06 Springfield is considered the limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters
19.
Colt 1851 Navy Revolver
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The Colt Revolving Belt Pistol of Naval Caliber, later known as the Colt 1851 Navy or Navy Revolver, is a cap and ball revolver that was designed by Samuel Colt between 1847 and 1850. Colt first called this Revolver Ranger model, but the designation Navy quickly took over, after the Civil War revolvers using fixed metallic cartridges came into widespread use. The Colt Navy remained in production until 1873, being replaced in the Colt line with what would become the manufacturers most famous handgun, as the factory designation implied, the Navy revolver was suitably sized for carrying in a belt holster. It became very popular in North America at the time of Western expansion, Colts aggressive promotions distributed the Navy and his other revolvers across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The cylinder of this revolver is engraved with a scene of the victory of the Second Texas Navy at the Battle of Campeche on May 16,1843, the engraving was provided by Waterman Ormsby. Despite the Navy designation, the revolver was purchased by civilians. The.36 caliber round ball weighs 80 grains and. A very small number of Navy revolvers were produced in.34 caliber, another rarity in the 1851 Navy production is the.40 caliber model, probably 5 were made 1858 for testing by the U. S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance. Sighting consists of a brass cone front sight pressed into the muzzle end of the top barrel flat with a notch in the top of the hammer. In spite of the crudity of the sighting arrangement, these revolvers. A small number of Model 1851 Navy revolvers was converted, using front-loaded, famous Navy users included Wild Bill Hickok, John Henry Doc Holliday, Richard Francis Burton, Ned Kelly, Bully Hayes, Richard H. Barter, Robert E. Lee, Nathan B. Use continued long after more modern cartridge revolvers were introduced, canadian issue 1851 Colts are stamped in the wooden grip upside down with letters U_C or L_C, a letter code for the unit, and the number of the weapon in that unit. E. g. U_C D21 This decodes as Upper Canada, D = Toronto Cavalry Troop, percussion Pistols and Revolvers, History, Performance and Practical Use. Famous Firearms of the Old West, From Wild Bill Hickoks Colt Revolvers to Geronimos Winchester, hounshell, David A. Sixguns, The Standard Reference Work. Roberts, Gary L. Doc Holliday, The Life and Legend, wilson, R. L. Colt, An American Legend. New York, London, Atabras, A Division of Abbeville Publishing Group
20.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
21.
.45 Schofield
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The.45 Schofield or.45 Smith & Wesson is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson for their S&W Model 3 American top-break revolver. It is similar to the.45 Colt round though shorter and with a slightly larger rim, US government arsenals supplied.45 Schofield cartridges for the Schofield revolver and the Colt Army revolver to simplify their armament needs. 45 Colt cartridges cannot be used in.45 Schofield firearms and this cartridge was originally designed as a black powder round. The Schofield revolver was patented in the USA on 20 June 1871 and 22 April 1873 by Smith & Wesson and it was a Smith & Wesson Model 3 that was modified by Major George Schofield to make it easier for a cavalryman to reload while riding. While the Colt 45 had more power, the speed at which a cavalryman could reload a Schofield was less than 30 seconds, by 1879, the U. S. Army had purchased 8,285 of the revolvers. Due to its power and recoil compared to the Colt.45, it was easier to shoot accurately. It became the standard cartridge of the Army, though the Colt 1873 still was the main issue side arm of the Army, the.45 Schofield cartridge was shorter than the.45 Colt. It could be used in both the Schofield and the Colt 45 Peacemaker, but the.45 Colt was too long to use in the Schofield. As a result, by the 1880s the army finally standardized on a.45 cartridge designed to fire in both revolvers, the M1887 Military Ball Cartridge, the M1887 was made at Frankford Arsenal, and was issued only to the military. The Schofield was quite a popular handgun in the old west, because of the larger diameter rim on the S&W cartridge, the rims would sometimes interfere with each other when attempting to load every chamber of a.45 Colt chambered revolver. Current production.45 S&W cases have a diameter larger than.45 Colt. Production of the.45 Colt cartridge was discontinued by the Frankford Arsenal with the.45 M1877 ball revolver cartridge being adopted as the only.45 revolver cartridge issued from then on. In the early 1880s the Benet cartridge primer was retired and the modern Boxer type primer was adopted for all military production of revolver ammunition. 11 mm caliber List of cartridges by caliber List of handgun cartridges.45 Schofield Revolver Reloading info U. S, patent 138,047 Schofield, G. W. Revolving Fire-Arm, Issued 1873
22.
Revolver
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A revolver is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing. Revolvers might be regarded as a subset of pistols, or as a subset of handguns. Though the term revolver usually only refers to handguns, other firearms may also have a revolving chamber and these include some models of grenade launchers, shotguns, and rifles. Most revolvers contain five or six rounds in the cylinder, though the original name was revolving gun, the short-hand revolver is universally used. The revolver allows the user to fire multiple rounds without reloading, each time the user cocks the hammer, the cylinder revolves to align the next chamber and round with the hammer and barrel, which gives this type of firearm its name. In a single-action revolver, the user pulls the back with his free hand or thumb. In a double-action revolver, pulling the trigger moves the back, then releases it. Loading and unloading a double-action revolver requires the operator to swing out the cylinder and insert the proper ammunition, the first guns with multichambered cylinders that revolved to feed one barrel were made in the late 16th century in Europe. They were expensive and rare curiosities, not until the 19th century would revolvers become common weapons of industrial production. One of the first was a flintlock revolver patented by Elisha Collier in 1814, the first percussion revolver was made by Lenormand of Paris in 1820 and the first percussion cap revolver was invented by the Italian Francesco Antonio Broccu in 1833. He received a prize of 300 francs for his invention, although he did not patent it, however, in 1835 a similar handgun was patented by Samuel Colt, who would go on to make the first mass-produced revolver. The first cartridge revolvers were produced around 1854 by Eugene Lefaucheux, revolvers soon became standard for nearly all uses. In the early 20th century, semi-automatic pistols were developed, which can hold more rounds, Automatic pistols also have a flat profile, more suitable for concealed carry. Automatic pistols have almost completely replaced revolvers in military and law enforcement use, revolvers still remain popular as back-up and off-duty handguns among American law enforcement officers and security guards. Also, revolvers are still common in the American private sector as defensive, in the development of firearms, an important limiting factor was the time it took to reload the weapon after it was fired. While the user was reloading, the weapon was useless, several approaches to the problem of increasing the rate of fire were developed, the earliest being multi-barrelled weapons which allowed two or more shots without reloading. Later weapons featured multiple barrels revolving along a single axis, the earliest examples of what today is called a revolver were made in Germany in the late 16th century. These weapons featured a barrel with a revolving cylinder holding the powder
23.
Colt Army Model 1860
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The Colt Army Model 1860 is a muzzle-loaded cap & ball. 44-caliber single-action revolver used during the American Civil War made by Colts Manufacturing Company. It was used as an arm by cavalry, infantry, artillery troops. The Colt 1860 Army uses the same frame as the.36 caliber 1851 Navy revolver. The frame is relieved to allow the use of a cylinder that enables the Army to be chambered in.44 caliber. The barrel on the 1860 Army has a cone that is visibly shorter than that of the 1851 Navy. Another distinguishing feature of the Colt 1860 Army, first introduced on the Colt 1855 Sidehammer Revolver, is the loading lever. More than 200,000 were manufactured from 1860 through 1873, Colts biggest customer was the US Government with no less than 129,730 units being purchased and issued to the troops. The weapon was a single-action, six-shot weapon accurate up to 75 to 100 yards, the rear sight was a notch in the hammer, only usable when the revolver was fully cocked. The Colt. 44-caliber “Army Model was the most widely used revolver of the Civil War and it had a six-shot, rotating cylinder, and fired a 0. The percussion cap, when struck by the hammer, ignited the powder charge, when fired, balls had a muzzle velocity of about 900 feet per second, although this depended on how much powder it was loaded with. The unfluted cylinder was rebated, meaning that the rear of the cylinder was turned to a smaller diameter than the front, the barrel was rounded and smoothed into the frame, as was the Navy Model. The frame, hammer, and rammer lever were case-hardened, the remainder blued, grips were of one-piece walnut, a distinguishing feature of the Model 1860 was that its frame had no top strap, or no component running above the cylinder. Instead, its strength came from the frame and the massive fixed cylinder pin. This made the gun slimmer and lighter than its competitor, the Remington Model 1858. The fixed cylinder pin also meant that the barrel had to be removed to remove the cylinder, unlike the Model 1858, according to importer Cimarron Arms Company, this was called the Texas Model because a number of them came into Texas shortly after secession. The goal was to use of silver spring steel of controlled carbon content and greater strength. Fluted cylinders had the patent date of Sept.10,1850 stamped in one of the flutes. Rebated cylinders above serial number 8000 were roller indented with a Texas Navy and Mexican battle scene, military 1860s had elongated screw lugs on the side of the frame to mount a detachable shoulder stock
24.
Colt Dragoon Revolver
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The Colt Model 1848 Percussion Army Revolver is a.44 caliber revolver designed by Samuel Colt for the U. S. Armys Regiment of Mounted Rifles. The revolver was issued to the Armys Dragoon Regiments. This revolver was designed as a solution to problems encountered with the Walker Colt. Although it was introduced after the Mexican-American War, it became popular among civilians during the 1850s and 1860s, the Colt Dragoon Revolver was produced with several variations between 1848 and 1860, when the Colt Model 1860 revolver replaced it. All the improvements in design of Colt revolvers were applied to the Dragoons as well to the models of Colt revolvers. Total production of Colt Dragoons including the 1,100 Walkers, from 1847 to 1860,19,800, for collectors, there are three different types. Between the Walker and the First model Dragoon, around 240 improved models were produced, barrel length 7 1/2 inch and their general appearance was to that of the production Dragoon models. These were produced late in 1847 and 1848, serial number range approximately 1100 through about 1340. Another distinctive detail were the very slender Slim Jim grips, Colt produced about 7,000 first models between 1848 and 1850. The Second Model has rectangular cylinder notches, until the no.10,000 the V-shaped mainspring was standard and then replaced with a flat leaf mainspring and a wheel on the hammer at its bearing on the mainspring. All the Second Model Dragoons have the squareback trigger guard, the company made about 2,550 Second Models in 1850 and 51. The Third Model Dragoon numbers stand at ten-thousand from 1851 through 1860 and this design had more variations as compared to its earlier counterparts. Some of the third model Colt Dragoon Revolvers had frame cuts for detachable shoulder stocks, horizontal loading lever latches, Third Colt Dragoon Revolvers had a round trigger guard. Government records showed an order for 8,390 Dragoons, other variants included the Colt 1848 Pocket Pistol now known as the Baby Dragoon, marketed in California with success during the Gold Rush days. With the addition of a loading lever this evolved into the 1849 pocket revolver, the Colt Dragoon Revolver had a comparatively shorter cylinder and held up to 50 grains of powder, whereas the Walker had used up to 60 grains of powder. The Dragoon Revolver had a barrel at 7.5 inches as compared to the 9 inches barrel on the Walker. A loading lever latch in front of the replaced the spring to keep the lever from dropping during recoil. These variations made the Colt Dragoon Revolver 4 pounds two ounces and these changes also reduced the risks of the Colt Dragoon Revolver from exploding when fired, unlike the risk that had been demonstrated with the Walker revolvers
25.
Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver
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In the revolver configuration of the patented revolving mechanism, only one model of revolver was produced. The only two available calibers for the revolver were.28 and.31, the production of the revolver started in 1855 and lasted until 1870. In spite of the complexity and ambition of its patented design, production began in 1855 with the Model 1 followed by the Model 1A and then the Model 2 beginning with serial number 1 and ending in 1860 at about 25,000. These models had a roller-die engraved scene referred to as the Cabin, production continued with the Model 3 which has a fluted cylinder The standard barrel length was 3 1/2 inch. The cylinder scene engraved on the first 25,000 pistols was created by banknote engraver Waterman Ormsby, the image was his fourth and last to be featured on Colt revolvers. The overall scene is 1 1/16 inch wide by 3 1/4 inch long, at one end of the scene is the text, COLTS PATENT No.14705. The image contains a pioneer defending himself against an attack by six Indians in Seminole-style attire using a pair of revolver pistols while his wife, along the top of the scene is a finely detailed wavy line and dot border. The Model 3,4 and 5 had a fluted cylinder, the Model 6 and 7 had a round cylinder, with the rolled on Stagecoach Holdup scene by W. L. Ormsby. In 1855 the Sidehammer was the first Colts revolver to use the creeping loading lever and this loading mechanism was used again in 1860 in the design of the Colt Army Model 1860, the Colt Navy Model 1861 and the Colt Police Model 1862. In 1855 the Sidehammer was the first Colts solid-frame spur-trigger gun and this anatomical characteristic was taken again when the three models of the Colt Derringer started production in 1870. For the two first models production lasted in 1890, and the model ended in 1912. But in the Colt Deringers the solid-frame spur-triger design was present in the patent when Colts purchased the National Arms Company in 1870. Actual original Colt models subsequent to the Sidehammer and inheriting a solid frame and a spur trigger were the Colt House and the Colt New Line
26.
Colt M1861 Navy
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The Colt Model 1861 Navy cap & ball. 36-caliber revolver was a six-shot, single-action percussion weapon produced by Colts Manufacturing Company from 1861 until 1873. It incorporated the creeping or ratchet loading lever and round barrel of the. 44-caliber Army Model of 1860 but had a one half inch shorter. Like its forerunner, the Colt 1851 Navy Revolver, it saw use in the American Civil War and on the American Western frontier. It has the same specification as the earlier model, but with a rounded barrel. While similar in design to the Colt Army Model 1860, the recoil of the 1861 Navys.36 caliber was preferred by some cavalry soldiers. During the Civil War its main competitor in England was the Adams self-cocking revolver, the Adams fired a.49 caliber bullet and did not require the shooter to pull the hammer back. Colts revolver was popular because Colt mass-produced his weapons while Adams products were handmade by skilled artisans. In the United States, Colts main rival was the Remington Model 1858 revolver, there were few variations of the Model 1861 Navy Colt. Approximately 100 of the first guns made had fluted cylinders with no cylinder scene, with the exception of the first fifty or so of this model, all guns had a capping groove. A brass trigger guard and back strap, silver-plated, were standard, the cylinders of the Navy 1851 and 1861 Navy Colt revolvers are engraved with a scene of the victory of the Second Texas Navy at the Battle of Campeche on May 16,1843. The engraving was provided by Waterman Ormsby, the nitrated paper of the cartridge was completely consumed upon use, and the use of paper cartridges enabled faster re-loading. Alternatively, it was possible to load with measured powder charges
27.
Colt Paterson
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The Colt Paterson is a revolver. It was the first commercial repeating firearm employing a revolving cylinder with multiple chambers aligned with a single, stationary barrel. Its design was patented by Samuel Colt on February 25,1836, in the United States, France, and England, initially this 5-shot revolver was produced in.28 caliber, with a.36 caliber model following a year later. As originally designed and produced, no loading lever was included with the revolver, starting in 1839, however, a reloading lever and a capping window were incorporated into the design, allowing reloading without requiring partial disassembly of the revolver. This loading lever and capping window design change was incorporated after the fact into most Colt Paterson revolvers that had been produced from 1836 until 1839. Unlike later revolvers, a trigger was incorporated into the Colt Paterson. The trigger only became visible upon cocking the hammer, a subsequent patent renewal in 1849, and aggressive litigation against infringements, gave Colt a domestic monopoly on revolver development until the middle 1850s. Early Colt literature and later publications insist that Colt was inspired to design the revolver in 1830 by viewing the steering mechanisms aboard the brig Corvo while bound from Boston to Calcutta. However, some believe he saw examples of the Collier Flintlock Revolver while touring the Tower after the Corvo docked on the River Thames, in any event, sometime while aboard the Corvo he produced a wooden model and further developed the concept during the early 1830s. A creditor and business associate, John Ehlers, continued manufacture, revolving pistols held five shots and varied from pocket to belt and holster designations based upon size and intended mode of carry. Calibers ranged from 28/100s through 36/100s-inch, the model most identified with the Paterson Colt designation is the Number 5 Holster or Texas Paterson, which was manufactured in.36 caliber. The early Colt revolvers were of single-action design, meaning that the trigger functioned only to discharge the weapon and it was necessary to manually cock the hammer prior to firing. The first Paterson Models required partial disassembly for loading and had no provision for safely carrying the revolver with all chambers loaded. Replace the cylinder, barrel, and wedge and with the hammer at half cock, the revolvers came with spare cylinders, and the practice of the day was to carry spare cylinders loaded and capped for fast reloading. Period users had few qualms about this even though it presented a real hazard of accidental discharge if the caps were struck or the cylinder dropped. The first two options were extremely dangerous, in 1839, a hinged loading lever and capping window became standard for new revolvers and was retrofitted to the older designs. So modified, the revolvers could be loaded without disassembly, when the Paterson revolvers with loading levers finally reached Texas in 1842, Texas Ranger Captain John Coffee Hays was very pleased that his ranging companies could now reload from horseback. To fire the Paterson, the shooter thumbed the hammer back and this also caused the folding trigger to drop down from the frame into firing position
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Colt Pocket Percussion Revolvers
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The family of Colt Pocket Percussion Revolvers evolved from the earlier commercial revolvers marketed by the Patent Arms Manufacturing Company of Paterson, NJ. The.31 caliber carried over into Samuel Colts second venture in the trade in the form of the Baby Dragoon-a small revolver developed in 1847–48. The Baby Dragoon was in development with Colts other revolvers and, by 1850. It is a brother of the more famous Colts Revolving Belt Pistol of Naval Caliber introduced the same year. In 1855 Colt introduced another pocket percussion revolver, the Colt 1855 Sidehammer, the Pocket Model revolvers all have a traditional Colt-style frame, generally with brass grip straps and trigger guard, and a case-hardened steel frame. In appearance, the frames are almost identical to the larger 1851 Navy and.44 caliber 1860 Army Models, with the exception of being smaller, and so having a proportionately larger trigger guard. The most obvious difference is that the Pocket Police had a fluted 5-shot cylinder, while most Army Models were unfluted, later, the Navy Model was increased in bore size by rebating the frame and enlarging the cylinder, and became the 1860 Army Model. With the success of project, the.31 caliber of the 1849 Model was similarly increased to.36, using the same method, creating the Pocket Police. Those without loading levers are called the Wells Fargo Model although Wells Fargo records show no.31 caliber revolvers ever purchased by that company. Previously, it wasnt thought that the frame could handle the power of the.44 round. The stronger steels made this sacrifice unnecessary, the Pocket Navy was a version similarly up-sized to.36 caliber, but which retained the octagonal barrel and traditional loading lever of the earlier pocket mode. Between 1862 and 1873, Colt records document production of 19,000 of the Pocket Navies, relative to the.31 Pocket Revolvers, the period of manufacture was short and overall numbers were further limited by a fire at the Colt Factory in 1862 and War production concerns. Richard Francis Burton was a devotee of Colt Revolvers and carried a selection of them on his mid-eastern journeys including the trip to Somalia and Ethiopia in 1855. A Pocket model receives prominent mention, Other anecdotal accounts indicate that Bloody Bill Anderson, the Pocket Revolvers, both original and Replica are somewhat more challenging to shoot at moderate range than the larger Colt-type revolvers. The small size makes for a small and slender grip, the thinness and round cross-section of the grip make it easy for the gun to shift in the shooters grasp, and the sights are very small and difficult to see, compared to modern weapons. Point of impact is generally a foot or more above point of aim at 25 yards, in the guns intended purpose this creates little problem. A shooter need only point the weapon at the center of the torso, and fire, and the ball will hit somewhere in the chest region, all in all, for a weapon designed mostly as a relatively close-range defensive weapon, it was quite suitable for its era. HTML formatting by Steve Thomas,2003 Shumaker, P. L, variations of the Old Model Pocket Pistol 1849 to 1872 Alhambra California, Borden Publishing Company,1966 Wilson, R. L
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Colt Walker
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The Colt Walker, sometimes known as the Walker Colt, was a single-action revolver with a revolving cylinder holding six charges of black powder behind six bullets. It was designed in 1846 as a collaboration between Captain Samuel Hamilton Walker and American firearms inventor Samuel Colt, the 1847 Colt Walker was the largest and most powerful black powder repeating handgun ever made. It was created in the mid-1840s in a collaboration between Texas Ranger Captain Samuel Hamilton Walker and American firearms inventor Samuel Colt, building upon the earlier Colt Paterson design, Walker wanted a handgun that was extremely powerful at close range. Samuel Walker carried two of his revolvers in the Mexican–American War. He was killed in battle the same year his famous handgun was invented,1847, on October 9,2008, one specimen that had been handed down from a Mexican War veteran was sold at auction for US$920,000. The Republic of Texas had been the purchaser of the early Paterson Holster Pistol, a five shot cal.36 revolver. In 1847, Walker was engaged in the Mexican-American War as a captain in the United States Mounted Rifles and he approached Colt, requesting a large revolver to replace the single-shot Aston Johnson holster pistols then in use. The desired. 44-.45 caliber revolver would be carried in saddle mounted holsters, the Colt Walker was used in the Mexican-American War and on the Texas frontier. Medical officer John Rip Ford took a special interest in the Walkers when they arrived at Veracruz and he obtained two examples for himself and is the primary source for information about their performance during the war and afterward. The Walker, unlike most succeeding martial pistols and revolvers, was a weapon out to about 100 yards. The Colt Walker holds a charge of 60 grains in each chamber. It weighs 4 1⁄2 pounds unloaded, has a 9-inch barrel, the initial contract called for 1,000 of the revolvers and accoutrements. Colt commissioned Eli Whitney Junior to fill the contract and produced an extra 100 revolvers for private sales, notable recipients include John Coffee Hays. Colt commissioned New York engraver Waterman Ormsby to etch a scene on the cylinder that was based on Walkers description of the 1844 battle, in addition to its large size and weight, problems with the Walker included ruptured cylinders after firing. This has been attributed to primitive metallurgy, soldiers allowing powder to spill across the mouths of the chambers, under 300 of the original 1,000 were returned for repair due to a ruptured cylinder. The Walker had a loading lever catch that often allowed the loading lever to drop during recoil. Period-correct fixes for this often included placing a loop around both the barrel and loading lever, to prevent the loading lever from dropping under recoil. The Whitneyville-Hartford Dragoon is known as the first transitional model from the Walker to the Dragoon series, the Colt Walker has long maintained a unique position and mystique among handgun users, and its name is often used as a common expression of any overly large generic handgun example
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Colt Model 1871-72 Open Top
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The Colt Model 1871-72 Open Top is a metallic cartridge rear-loading. 44-caliber revolver introduced in 1872 by the Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company. This handgun was developed following two patents, the first one in 1871 and the one in 1872, it is estimated that the production span lies primarily between February 1872 and June 1873. There is therefore still some confusion when naming it and it is sometimes named Colt Model 1871 or Colt Model 1872 but at this time the most common accepted names are Colt Model 1871-72 Open Top, Colt Model 1871-72 or simply Colt Open Top. Up until then, it had been practicing the so-called Richards-Mason conversions. The trigger and revolving mechanism were based on the design as previous Colt revolvers. Chambered in.44 caliber, the gun was submitted to the US Army for testing in 1872, the Army rejected the pistol and asked for a more powerful caliber with a stronger frame. Mason redesigned the frame to incorporate a topstrap, similar to the Remington revolvers, the first prototype of the new gun was still chambered in.44 rimfire, but this new gun was chambered for the newest caliber known as the.45 Colt. This new design started production in 1873, giving birth to a new model, the Colt Single Action Army, the Two July patents were also found on very early Colt Single Action Army revolvers. Cimarron Firearms of Fredericksburg, Texas, imports a replica of the Open-Top revolver that is based on an antique Open Top that the company sent to Uberti to reverse-engineer, the replica revolver differs in one aspect, a safety has been placed on the hammer. Colt House Revolver Colt Single Action Army
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Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver
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The Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver was a single action pocket revolver introduced by the Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in 1871. It also was one of the first pocket metallic cartridge revolvers made by the company, when the Rollin White patent for metallic cartridges firearms manufacture expired the Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company started working on its own metallic cartridge revolvers. Thus, Colt introduced its first rear-loaders in 1871, the Colt House/Cloverleaf, in the 1870s the firearms market was awash with cheaply made knockoffs of the.22 caliber Smith & Wesson Model One which sold for about $2. Colts president Richard Jarvis decided it would not compete directly with the knockoffs, the Open Top Pocket was priced at $8. The frame was brass and sometimes silver or nickel plated, the barrel and cylinder were either blue or nickel plated. Rosewood or walnut grips on a birds head style frame made for a pistol to shoot. Loading was accomplished via a groove in the rearward of the cylinder. After that, a shooter would need to remove the cylinder to empty the brass casings, cheap copies imported from Spain and Belgium drove down the demand for these revolvers and Colt stopped manufacturing them by 1877. The Open Top Pocket Model was chambered in.22 Short and.22 Long and it was equipped with a 7-shot non-fluted cylinder and two different barrel lengths, 2-3/8″ and 2-7/8″. NOTE, It is highly questionable that modern.22 ammunition would be safe to use in antique firearms, Colt New Line Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver Colt Pocket Percussion Revolvers Colt Open Top Pocket Model revolver as described in the National Firearms Museum
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Colt House Revolver
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The Colt House Revolver was one of the first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers to be produced by the Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company, back in 1871. The Colt House Revolver was manufactured from 1871 to 1876 in two different models, the Colt House Model itself and the Colt Cloverleaf Model, the latter being the most produced of both. The House Model is also known among collectors as the Jim Fisk model or the Jim Fisk pistol, both models, House and Cloverleaf, were built around a solid hidden spur-trigger frame, a weapon architecture also used by another Colt gun, the Colt Sidehammer. The Sidehammer had a grip, while the House and Cloverleaf models had all of them a recognizable birds-head grip. These features were common on many small pistols and revolvers during that era, finally, both models, House and Cloverleaf, were chambered with.41 caliber rimfire cartridges, available in both long and short sizes. The main differences between the two models were the following, The House Model, also called the Jim Fisk Model, had a five rounds straight non-fluted cylinder, the Cloverleaf Model had a four rounds fluted cylinder. When viewed from front or rear the cylinder seemed to resemble a four-leaf clover, the House Model was less produced of the two and had no variant development. It was produced in a single item product with a 2-5/8 barrel, the Cloverleaf Model was more produced by far, and had two different variants, depending on the barrel length, 1-1/2 and 3. The 1-1/2 barrel length variant had an ejector rod contained within the center pin of the cylinder, allowing to reload while keeping the cylinder in the gun. The 3 barrel length variant of the Cloverleaf had the ejector in the axis of the cylinder center pin and, thus. The Colt New Line inherited the general shape of the Colt House, a birds head grip, Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver
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Colt New Line
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The Colt New Line was a single action pocket revolver introduced by the Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in 1873. It was, alongside the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver, when the Rollin White patent for metallic cartridges firearms manufacture expired the Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company started working on its own metallic cartridge revolvers. Thus, after having introduced its first rear-loaders in 1871 and 1872, in 1873 Colt launched the Colt Peacemaker along with a new line of pocket revolvers, since it was an entirely new line of revolvers this model was called the Colt New Line. Circa 1884-1886, submerged by the competitors cheaper imitations and refusing to introduce a lower quality among its own firearms, the Colt New Line was chambered and produced as follows. All other four versions of the gun had 5-round cylinders
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Colt Buntline
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The Colt Buntline Special is a long-barreled variant of the Colt Single Action Army revolver, which Stuart N. Lake described in his best-selling but largely fictionalized 1931 biography, Wyatt Earp, according to Lake, the dime novelist Ned Buntline commissioned the production of five Buntline Specials. After its publication, various Colt revolvers with long barrels were referred to as Colt Buntlines or Buntline Specials, Colt manufactured the pistol among its second-generation revolvers produced after 1956. A number of manufacturers, such as Uberti, Navy Arms. The revolver was first described by Stuart Lake in his highly fictionalized 1931 biography Wyatt Earp, the extremely popular book turned Wyatt Earp into a Western superman. Lakes creative biography and later Hollywood portrayals exaggerated Wyatts profile as a western lawman, Lake wrote that dime novelist Edward Zane Carroll Judson, Sr. writing under the pseudonym of Ned Buntline, commissioned the guns in repayment for material for hundreds of frontier yarns. Yet Buntline, in fact, only four western yarns, all about Buffalo Bill. According to descendants of Wyatt Earps cousins, he owned a Colt. 45-caliber, Earp had received the revolver as a gift from Tombstone mayor and Tombstone Epitaph newspaper editor John Clum. Lake later admitted that he had put words into Wyatts mouth because of the inarticulateness, Lake conceived the idea of a revolver that would be more precise and could be easily modified to work similarly to a rifle. According to Lake, the Colt Buntline was a revolver chambered for.45 Long Colt cartridge. However, it had a 12-inch-long barrel, in comparison to the Colt Peacemakers 7. 5-inch barrel, a 16-inch barrel was available, as well. According to Lake, it had a stock that could be easily affixed through a combination of screws. This accessory gave the revolver better precision and range, Lake claimed, the Colt Buntline was further popularized by The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp television series. However, neither Tilghman nor Brown were lawmen at that time, according to Lake, Earp kept his pistol at the original 12-inch length, but the four other recipients of the Specials cut their barrels down to the standard 7 1⁄2 inches or shorter. Lake spent much effort trying to track down the Buntline Special through the Colt company, Masterson, Lake described it as a Colt Single Action Army model with a long,12 inches barrel, standard sights, and wooden grips into which the name “Ned” was ornately carved. Researchers have never found any record of a received by the Colt company. The revolver could have been ordered from the Colt factory in Hartford, Connecticut. Several such revolvers with 16-inch barrels and detachable stocks were displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition, there are no company records for the Buntline Special, nor a record of any orders from or sent to Ned Buntline
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Colt M1877
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The Colt M1877 was a double-action revolver manufactured by Colts Patent Fire Arms from January 1877 to 1909 for a total of 166,849 revolvers. The Model 1877 was offered in three calibers, which lent them three unofficial names, the Lightning, the Thunderer, and the Rainmaker. The principal difference between the models was the cartridge in which they were chambered, the Lightning being chambered in.38 Long Colt, both models had a six-round ammunition capacity. An earlier model in.32 Colt known as the Rainmaker was offered in 1877, the M1877 was designed by one of the inventors of the M1873 Colt Single Action Army, William Mason, as Colts first attempt at manufacturing a double-action revolver. The M1877 was the first successful US-made double-action cartridge revolver, the M1877 was offered from the factory in two basic finishes, nickel-plated or a case-hardened frame with a blue barrel and cylinder. The revolver was available in lengths from 2.5 to 7.5 and was available with or without the ejector rod. The shorter barreled versions without the ejector rod were marketed as shopkeepers specials, neither Lightning nor Thunderer were Colt designations, nor used by the factory in any reference materials. Both terms were coined by Benjamin Kittredge, one of Colts major distributors, Kittredge was responsible for the terms Peacemaker for the Single Action Army, Omnipotent for the Colt M1878 double-action, and nicknames for the various chamberings of the New Line models. The M1877s early double-action mechanism proved to be intricate and delicate, and thus prone to breakage. The design had a reputation for failure and earned the nickname the gunsmiths favorite, because of the intricate design and difficulty of repair, gunsmiths to this day dislike working on them. Gun Digest referred to it as the worst double-action trigger mechanism ever made, typically, the trigger spring would fail and this would reduce the revolver to single-action fire only. Outwardly, the Model 1877 shows a resemblance to the Colt Single Action Army revolver, however it is scaled down slightly. The standard finishes were blued, with a frame or nickel plating. The birds head grips were of checkered rosewood on the early guns, the Lightning was the favored personal weapon of famous Manchester Victorian detective and then head of CID, Jerome Caminada. Old West outlaw John Wesley Hardin frequently used both Lightning and Thunderer versions of the Colt 1877 revolver, likewise the 1877 Thunderer in.41 caliber was the preferred weapon of Billy the Kid and was his weapon of choice when he was killed by Pat Garrett in 1881. The Colt Revolver in the American West—Model 1877 Lightning
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Colt M1889
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The Colt Model 1889 was a revolver produced by the Colt Manufacturing Company in the late 19th century. In the mid 19th century, Colt manufactured revolvers for the Army and Navy that were based on a design by William Mason and Carl J. Ehbets. William Mason left Colt in 1882 to work for Winchester, but Ehbets remained at Colt and these refinements led to the Model 1889. Colt was the first manufacturer to produce a revolver with a swing-out cylinder, smith & Wesson followed 7 years later with the Hand Ejector, Model 1896 in.32 S&W Long caliber. This was an improvement over the Colt 1889 design since it used a combined center-pin, the 1889 did not use a center pin and the cylinder was prone to move out of alignment. The Colt Model 1889 was the first double-action revolver with a swing-out cylinder and this design had two advantages over previous designs, since it enabled fast loading but also maintained the strength of a solid frame. The Model 1889 was chambered for the.41 Long Colt.38 Long Colt, the Navy version was blued, and had a six inch barrel. It was manufactured with hard rubber grips, civilian versions had either a blue or nickel finish, and had walnut grips. Sometimes it can have ivory grips, the Model 1889 differed from earlier Colt revolvers since its cylinder rotated counterclockwise instead of clockwise. This seems to have originated with U. S. Navy requirements and this weakness allowed the cylinder to rotate while holstered or even while the shooter was pulling the trigger. The Model 1889 and variants were adopted by the United States Military, the Model 1889 was also sold commercially as the Colt New Army and Navy. Approximately 5,000 Colt Model 1889 revolvers were produced, Colt M1892 Colt M1905 New Marine Colt New Service Colt Official Police
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Colt Model 1905 Marine Corps
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The Colt Model 1905 Marine Corps was a.38 revolver issued by the United States Marine Corps during the period from 1905 to 1909. It is a variation of the Colt M1892 with a grip frame. A small number are known to have been issued under military contract and these revolvers are marked on the butt with the appropriate USMC markings and are serial numbered 001 through at least 812. A further 926 copies were made between 1905 and 1909 for the market, and these revolvers are serial numbered on the butt from 10001 through 10926. A Study of Colts New Army and Navy Pattern Double Action Revolvers,1889 to 1908, list of individual weapons of the U. S
38.
Colt New Police Revolver
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The Colt New Police is a double-action, six-shot revolver. This gun was chambered in the.32 New Police, which is identical to a flat-nose version of the.32 S&W Long. In addition to the.32 New Police cartridge, the revolver was available in 32 Colt, the diameters of the two cartridges are not the same, with the 32 Colt being approximately 0.020 inches smaller in diameter than the New Police. Although the 32 Colt can be loaded and fired in the New Police chamber and it is impossible to load the.32 New Police in a 32 Colt chamber. The later.32 New Police chambering was more popular than the 32 Colt chambering, the Colt New Police was manufactured from 1896 to 1907 by Colts Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut. The sights on the revolver were fixed with a blade in front. The revolver was available with a 2 1⁄2-inch, four-inch, or six-inch barrel in a blued or nickel finish, the Colt New Police was selected by New York City Police Commissioner Theodore Roosevelt in 1896 to be the first standard-issue revolver for NYPD officers. A target version was made until 1905 with a 6-inch barrel, the New Police Revolver was replaced in the Colt catalog in 1907 by the improved Colt Police Positive, which featured an internal hammer block safety and better lock work
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Colt Official Police
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The Official Police was also used by various U. S. and allied military forces during World War II. As the 20th Century began, the older.32 caliber revolvers which had been standard-issue for the majority of American police departments began to be phased out in favor of the larger-bore.38 caliber. In 1908 Colt introduced a sleek and modernized revolver they dubbed the Army Special, during the same period, revolvers began to fall out of favor with the U. S. Military, especially after the adoption on the U. S. Model of 1911 semi-automatic pistol. By 1927 the overwhelming sales of two models, the Army Special and Colt Police Positive, had assured Colt’s dominance of the law enforcement firearms market. Colt’s marketing strategy was further fine-tuned by making a few alterations to the Army Special revolver. The changes included adding checkering to the trigger, matting the topstrap of the frame, Colt also upgraded the quality of the gun’s finish from a dull blued finish to a highly polished blued surface. By 1933 the Colt sales catalog listed many law enforcement agencies as having adopted the OP as a sidearm, including the New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, in addition many state police organizations and even the Federal Bureau of Investigation chose the OP as their issue revolver. Many Official Police revolvers were also bought by the forces and militaries of various South American countries. These revolvers bore British military acceptance markings and had a 5 barrel, most of these OP revolvers were assembled from commercial-grade parts made before 1942. Commencing in 1941, small quantities of the.38 Colt Official Police were procured directly from the Defense Supplies Corporation, when government purchasing officials objected to production delays of the OP, as well as the unit cost, Colt responded by simplifying the gun. Instead of the bluing, the revolver was given a dull parkerized finish. In mid-1942 the Springfield Ordnance District was given control over procurement and distribution of the Commando, a few Commandos were shipped to the U. S. Maritime Commission and used as small arms equipment on U. S. merchant ships and ships provided to the Allies under Lend-Lease. Most Commando wartime production went to the Defense Supplies Corporation, for use by security and police forces, while approximately 1,800 Commandos were used by the U. S. Navy, with another 12,800 revolvers distributed to various military intelligence agencies. During the postwar period, Colt fell on difficult financial times, at Smith & Wesson, both output and new model civilian and police sales improved, and the sales margin gap between the two corporations progressively tightened. Finally in the 1960s S&W took over the lead, Colt announced the discontinuation of the Official Police in 1969, stating that competitive production of the design was no longer economically feasible. With a total production of over 400,000 pistols, the Official Police ranks as one of the most successful ever made. The Official Police was machined of fine carbon steel, with bright royal Colt blued as well as nickel-plated finishes, and was offered in 4,5 and 6 inches barrels. Built on Colt’s.41 or “I” frame, it was manufactured in a variety of chamberings including.22 LR. 32-20.41 Long Colt, and the most common and popular, the.38 Special
40.
Colt Police Positive
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The Colt Police Positive is a small-frame, double-action revolver featuring a six-round cylinder, chambered for either.32 or.38 caliber cartridges. Designed primarily for sale to federal, state, or local law enforcement agencies, the Colt Police Positive was an improvement of Colt’s earlier “New Police” revolver, upgraded with an internal hammer block safety. Colt named this new security device the “Positive Lock”, and its ended up being incorporated as a partial namesake for the new revolver. The cylinder of the Police Positive rotated in the clockwise direction, ever a canny competitor in the firearms milieu, Colt missed no opportunity to score a coup déclat over its arch rival, and began a marketing campaign which accentuated this detail. The Police Positive was very successful, along with the Colt Official Police it dominated the law enforcement firearms market in the early 1900s, the Positive was itself incrementally modified in 1908, forming the basis for Colt’s Police Positive Special model. A nickel Police Positive with pearl grips &.32 calibre was used by Charles Bronson as Paul Kersey in Death Wish. The notorious American gangster Al Capone also used a Police Positive, a nickel.38 Police Positive with walnut grips, in June 2011 a private collector sold it at Christies for the sum of £67, 250/$109, 080/€75,656. The Police Positive was made of steel, and was finished with either a polished blued finish or nickel-plated. The First issue of the Police Positive ran from the introduction in 1907 until 1927. Sporting Colt’s standard hard rubber grips, it was offered with barrel lengths of 2.5,4,5, and 6 inches, and was chambered for the.32 Long Colt.32 Colt New Police, checkered Walnut grips became standard after 1923. The Second issue began in 1928 and ran until 1947, adding a heavier frame as well as a serrated topstrap to reduce sight glare. The revolver’s sights consisted of a blade front with a fixed iron open rear sight. Weighing 22 ounces and available with a finish and black hard rubber grips in.22 Long Rifle.22 WRF.32 Long Colt. A Second issue was sold from 1926 to 1941 and differed from the First in that it had a slightly heftier frame which upped the weight to 26 ounces, also Colt’s nickel finish was offered as an option. In todays collectable market, the.32 New Police version appears to be the most sought after and valuable. 32-20 Winchester and.38 Special cartridges
41.
Colt Police Positive Special
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In the early 20th century the Colt Positive and Positive Special teamed with Colts other admired model, the Official Police, to capture the lions share of the law enforcement firearms market. Very popular with law enforcement officers due to its light weight, the first issue ran from introduction to 1927 and had the early 1900-era distinctive Colt black hard rubber grips. The second issue introduced wooden grips which were smooth in the years, later giving way to a checkered style. The Third issue began in 1947, and the Fourth issue in 1977 introduced a Colt Python-style shrouded ejector-rod housing, production of the Police Positive Special ended in 1995. Built on Colt’s “D” frame, it was offered in four, five, the Positive Special also incorporated Colt’s “Positive Lock” safety which preventing the firing pin from hitting the primer unless the trigger was deliberately pulled. The pistol’s sights consisted of a front with a fixed iron open rear sight
42.
Colt Anaconda
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Chambered for the powerful.44 Magnum and.45 Colt centerfire ammunition cartridges, the Anaconda marked the Hartford, Connecticut firm’s first foray into the popular large-bore Magnum pistol market. Built on a new and heavier frame, the Anaconda was brought out to compete with.44 Magnum contemporaries such as the Smith & Wesson Model 29. Redhawk and Blackhawk, and the Dan Wesson Firearms Model 44, considering that many of these models had been marketed and sold for fully 35 years upon its introduction, the Anaconda was a very late entry into the large-bore handgun market. Originally chambered for the.44 Magnum cartridge, in 1993 the Anaconda began to be offered in.45 Colt cartridge as well and its fit and finish resembled an upsized King Cobra married to a ventilated-rib barrel reminiscent of the Pythons. Initially marketed with a brushed stainless finish, a highly polished mirror-like option known as Ultimate Stainless was cataloged for a time through the Colt Custom Shop. Some models were factory drilled and tapped for telescopic sight mounting, there were 2000 Kodiaks made as a special run of Anacondas, breaking away from their long history of naming revolvers after snakes. A special run of 1000 King Cobras was made about the time, having the same Magna-Ported barrel. There was an uncataloged 5 barrel version of the Anaconda, with less than 150 made. These 5 versions command very high prices when they are encountered, additionally, Colt made an extremely low number of 4 barrel Anacondas chambered in.45 Colt. This ultra-rare variation commands a premium price when encountered as well, Colt Diamondback Colt Python Safety and instruction manual Video of operation on YouTube
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Colt Cobra
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The Colt Cobra is a lightweight, aluminum-framed, double-action short-barrelled revolver, not to be confused with the Colt King Cobra. The Cobra was chambered in.38 Special.32 Colt New Police and it holds six shots of ammunition and was sold by Colt from 1950 until 1981. In December 2016, it was announced that Colt would be producing a new run of the Colt Cobra with a steel frame and this model was released in early 2017. In the mid-1960s, the Detective Specials and Cobras grip frame was shortened to the size as that of the Agent. The Cobra was produced in calibers.38 Special,32 Colt New Police.22 LR, and a few in.38 S&W. The.38 Special Cobra was available in 2,3,4. The.32 caliber version was available in 2- and 3-inch barrel lengths, the.22 LR Cobra was available only with the 3-inch barrel. Standard Cobras were blued with round-butt grip frames, the.38 Special Cobra with a 2-inch barrel was available with a nickel finish at additional cost. Early models also had a square-butt option and it was announced in 2016 that Colt would re-release the Colt Cobra in 2017. The Third Model is offered only as a 6 shot DA/SA revolver in.38 Special with a 2 barrel and this model will be offered with a Matte Stainless Steel finish and has an unloaded weight of 25 ounces. The Aircrewman was a version of the Detective Special constructed of aluminum alloy. They are distinguished by the gold-metal Air Force medallion in the place of the silver-metal Colt medallion on the wooden grips. However, the cylinder fractures continued, and the weapons were withdrawn from service. The Courier was produced in.22 Long Rifle,32 Colt NP,32 S&W long, frame and cylinder are constructed of lightweight aluminum alloy. Approximately 3000 were produced in the two years, the Colt Agent was a lower-price version of the Cobra, featuring a less highly polished blue finish and smaller, simplified grips. The bottom of the Agent gripstock was slightly shorter than that of the Cobra, the original Agent weighed 14 ounces and was available only in.38 Special caliber, with a 2-inch barrel and blued finish. A slightly revised version of the Agent was released in 1973 with a barrel with a weight of 16 ounces. In 1984, the Agent was briefly revived by Colt, this time with a parkerized finish, the Viper was essentially a 4 barrel version of the alloy-framed Colt Cobra in.38 Special. Introduced in 1977 and only produced that year, the Viper did not sell as well as Colt expected and was discontinued, in recent years, owing to its limited production run, the Viper has become quite collectable
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Colt Detective Special
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The Colt Detective Special is a carbon steel framed double-action short-barreled revolver, and is an example of a class of firearms known to gun enthusiasts as snubnosed, snubbies, or belly guns. As the name Detective Special suggests, this revolver was used as a concealed weapon by plainclothes police detectives. Introduced in 1927, the Detective Special was one of the first short-barreled revolvers produced with a modern swing-out frame. It was designed from the outset to be chambered for higher-powered cartridges such as the.38 Special, the Detective Special is by design a shortened and somewhat streamlined Colt Police Positive Special, sharing that revolvers slim D size frame and six round capacity. The DS uses a smaller frame than the Colt Official Police or Smith & Wesson K Frame revolvers. Colts Detective Special went through several issues or series, the First Series was produced from 1927 until 1946. Compared to later models, the First Series used a narrower frame. A rounded butt on the frame became standard in 1933. The Second Series ran from 1947 to 1972, the ejector-rod was longer and had a groove in its knurled tip, a three-inch-barrel variant was offered, with a yet longer ejector-rod. The cylinder latch was smooth, and the trigger spur serrated, the right side frame screw has no locking pin, and the rear half of the front sight is a serrated ramp. The grip panels were plastic in 1947, but were changed back to starting in 1955. An optional hammer shroud was available from the factory to prevent the hammer from catching on clothing, transition from the First to Second Series was gradual, with some post-WWII Second Series guns retaining short ejector rods and checkered hammers. Because of this, assigning a given revolver to an issue is best done by serial number. During the 1960s, the frame of the Second Series Detective Special was shortened, matching that of Colts other snub-nosed pistols. Despite this alteration, the Detective Specials overall grip size remained unchanged, as Colt fitted the Second Series with new, the Third Series ran from 1973 to 1986. A new shroud extended down from the barrel, enclosing and protecting the ejector-rod, New, oversize wood gripstocks were introduced that covered the front frame strap. The Third Series featured improvements to the internal lockwork as well. As with the previous two Series, a few nickel-plated guns were produced, and a 3-inch-barrel variant was again offered, in 1986, facing stagnant sales numbers as well as rising production and labor costs, Colt discontinued production of the Detective Special
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Colt Diamondback
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The Colt Diamondback is a revolver manufactured by Colts Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut, in calibers of.22 LR.22 WMR and.38 Special. Inspired by the successful Colt Python, the Diamondback was manufactured from 1966 to 1988 and was available in lengths of 2½,4. Colt introduced the double-action Diamondback as a model in 1966. It has a wide serrated target hammer, ventilated rib, fully adjustable target quality sights and it is a 6-shot revolver with a swing-out cylinder and was available in blue or nickel finishes. Visually, the Diamondback resembles a version of the Python. It was dropped from production in 1988 Because of the recoil of.22 caliber ammunition. It had gained popularity with gun enthusiasts due to the price of.22 caliber ammunition and since it has been discontinued. In addition, the Diamondback was marketed to law enforcement agencies who did not allow the use of the.357 Magnum cartridge, saddam Hussein collected the Colt Diamondback among other guns. John Wayne used a 4.38 Colt Diamondback in the 1975 movie Brannigan, steve McQueen used a 2.5.38 Colt Diamondback in the 1968 movie Bullitt. The Italian film Colt 38 Special Squad is about a group of policemen armed with.38 Colt Diamondbacks. Ballistics By The Inch tests including the Colt Diamondback
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Colt King Cobra
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Available in blued and stainless steel finishes in a variety of barrel lengths and chambered for centerfire.357 Magnum ammunition. The King Cobra was introduced in 1986, discontinued in 1992, dropped a second time in 1998, it has not been produced since. Built on Colt’s medium-size ‘V’ frame from 1986-1992, the King Cobra was offered in very hi-grade carbon steel with Colt’s signature bright, from 1987-1992 and 1994-1998 matte stainless steel was offered, and from 1988-1992 the option of polished stainless steel became available as well. King Cobras are equipped with either oversized Walnut target-style or hard rubber black finger-grooved combat-style grips, the Cobras sighting system consists of a fixed iron red insert front sight and a fully adjustable iron white outline rear. Various barrel lengths were offered over time according to the option chosen. In blued steel models,4 and 6 inch barrels were available from 1986 until the guns were dropped from production in 1992. In matte stainless, a 2.5 inch length was cataloged from 1987-1992,2 inch barrels were offered from 1988 until King Cobra production ceased in 1992 and then again from 1994-1998. Barrel lengths of 4,6, and 8 inches also were available on models with the stainless finish from 1990 to 1992. In the mirror bright finish,4 and 6 inch lengths were offered from 1988-1992, a 2.5 inch was available from 1990-1992. The King Cobra is chambered for the powerful.357 Magnum cartridge, in its final year of production the top strap was drilled and tapped for the mounting of scope rings. Colt also produced a total of six King Cobras with three-inch barrels and these were made for the Montreal Police Department, which had expressed an interest in such a model for plain-clothes officers. The revolver was never adopted and the six samples were returned to the distributor, one surfaced in North Carolina in 2006, was lettered by Colt Archives, listed on Gunbroker, and is now in the hands of a private collector. The fate of the five is unknown. Like all.357 Magnum revolvers, the Colt King Cobra could chamber and fire the shorter, Colts Manufacturing Cobra and Trooper official Safety and Instruction Manual
