103 series

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103 series
JRWest 103Series.jpg
JR West 103 series trains in various liveries at Suita Depot in October 2016
Manufacturer Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Kisha Seizo, Nippon Sharyo, Teikoku Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation
Replaced 101 series
Constructed 1963–1984
Entered service December 1963
Refurbishment 1996–2005 (for selected trains)
Scrapped 1986–
Number built 3,447 vehicles
Number in service 216 vehicles (as of 1 October 2017)[1]
Number preserved 5 vehicles
Operator(s)
Depot(s) Hineno
Morinomiya
Nara
Aboshi
Hiroshima
Karatsu
Depok
Line(s) served Various
Specifications
Car body construction Steel
Car length 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in)
Width 2,800 mm (9 ft 2 in)
Height 3,935 mm (12 ft 10.9 in)
Doors 4 pairs per side
Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph)
Traction system Resistor control
Power output 440 kW per car with motors
Acceleration 2.0 km/h/s
Deceleration 5.0 km/h/s
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC
Current collection method overhead catenary
Bogies DT33, TR201, TR212, TR64 or DT21T (103-3000 series and converted from 101 series )
Braking system(s) Dynamic brake, Electro-pneumatic brake, Hand brake
Safety system(s) ATS-B, ATS-P, ATS-SK, ATS-SW, ATC-3, ATC-4, ATC-6, ATC-9
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The 103 series (103系, 103-kei) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type introduced in 1963[2] by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). They were also operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central). In 2004, some sets were shipped to Indonesia, where they operate on the KRL Jabodetabek system in Jakarta.

Variants[edit]

103-0 series[edit]

The 103-0 series trains were built between 1963 and 1984.

Prototype[edit]

This 8-car unit was built in 1963 without air-conditioning. The cars were withdrawn from service between 1988 and 1991.

  • Moha 103: 901-902
  • Moha 102: 901-902
  • Kuha 103: 901-904

Standard series[edit]

These were built between 1964 and 1970. While not originally fitted with air-conditioning, most of the cars were fitted with air conditioning from 1975. The bogies of the trailer cars were changed from TR201 to TR212 for the cars built from 1968. Cars fitted with TR212 bogies feature disc brakes, because they needed to run on higher speeds on the Jōban and Hanwa Lines.

  • KuMoHa 103: 1-155
  • MoHa 103: 1-278
  • MoHa 102: 1-433
  • KuHa 103: 1-177 & 501-638 (TR212 bogies fitted: 115-177 & 617-638)
  • SaHa 103: 1-305 (TR212 bogies fitted: 226-305)

Air-conditioned prototype[edit]

This single 10-car unit was built in 1970. It was equipped with various air conditioning units and tested on the Yamanote Line in Tokyo. It was subsequently modified to become a standard air-conditioned set in 1978. In 2000, four cars were scrapped at the Narashino Depot; the remaining six cars were scrapped at Keiyō Rolling Stock Center in 2005.

  • MoHa 103: 279-281
  • MoHa 102: 434-436
  • KuHa 103: 178-179
  • SaHa 103: 306-307

Sets without air-conditioning[edit]

Built during 1972 and 1973, these units were similar to the air-conditioned prototype but without air-conditioning. This type was used mainly in Osaka area. Most cars were fitted with air-conditioning from 1976.

  • MoHa 103: 282-330 & 364-374
  • MoHa 102: 437-486 & 520-530
  • KuHa 103: 180-212
  • SaHa 103: 308-323

Air-conditioned sets[edit]

Built in 1973, they were similar to the air-conditioned prototype. They were fitted with motorized destination blinds on both sides.

  • MoHa 103: 331-413 (excluding 364-374)
  • MoHa 102: 487-569 (excluding 520-530)
  • KuHa 103: 213-268
  • SaHa 103: 324-359

ATC equipped sets[edit]

Built between 1974 and 1980. The front end design was changed with the driver's cab raised so that an ATC signalling system could be included. Kuha 103 of this version was used in the Tokyo area only.

  • MoHa 103: 414-713
  • MoHa 102: 570-869
  • KuHa 103: 269-796 (excluding 500-700), 798, 809, 816
  • SaHa 103: 360-471

Raised driver's cab[edit]

Built between 1979 and 1984. The front end design was the same as the ATC-equipped sets, although this type was not fitted with ATC. Kuha 103-811 & 816 were converted to include ATC in 1984.

  • MoHa 103: 714-793
  • MoHa 102: 870-2050 (excluding 900-2000)
  • KuHa 103: 797, 799-850 (excluding 809, 816, 845, 847, 849)
  • SaHa 103: 472-503

  • Driver's cab of KuHa 103-235 car (without ATC), November 2008

  • Akabane Line KuHa 103-273 car without air-conditioning, 1979

  • Biwako Line-JR Kyoto Line-JR Kobe Line KuHa 103-154 car without air-conditioning, 1983

  • JR Kobe Line KuHa 103-184 car without air-conditioning, August 1983

  • Yamanote Line air-conditioned prototype KuHa 103-178 car, October 1978

  • Yamanote Line ATC equipped KuHa 103-347 car, March 1985

  • JR East Yokohama Line air-conditioned 103-0 series, circa 1988

  • JR-West Yamatoji Line raised driver's cab KuHa 103-831 car, circa 1993

  • JR East Negishi Line air-conditioned 103-0 series, March 1998

  • Two JR-West Fukuchiyama Line (left) and JR Kyoto Line air-conditioned 103-0 series, August 1999

  • JR East MoHa 103-734 car in brown livery, August 1999

  • Jōban Line air-conditioned 103-0 series, January 2003

  • Musashino Line air-conditioned 103-0 series showing different driver's cab heights, August 2003

  • Tsurumi Line air-conditioned 103-0 series, June 2004

  • Osaka Loop Line air-conditioned KuHa 103-248 car, January 2005

  • JR Central 103-0 series air-conditioned KuMoHa 103-18 car, April 2007

  • JR-West Hanwa Line 103-0 series air-conditioned car, April 2008

  • JR-West San'yō Main Line air-conditioned 103-0 series set H19, May 2009

  • KuHa 103-525 test car owned by Toshiba, March 2010

  • JR-West Sakurajima Line raised driver's cab KuHa 103-823 car, March 2012

Converted from 101 series[edit]

Some 101 series trailer cars were converted to the 103-0 series. The cars' bodies and bogies were 101 series originals as the conversions involved minimum modification. The last of these cars were withdrawn from service in 1999.

  • SaHa 103: 751-780 (from SaHa 101)
  • KuHa 103: 2001-2004 (from KuHa 100), 2051-2052 (from KuHa 101)

103-1000 series[edit]

160 103-1000 series cars (16 10-car sets) were built in 1970 and 1971 for use on Jōban Line-Chiyoda Line inter-running services, which commenced in 1971. Originally painted in grey with a sea green stripe, they were subsequently displaced by new 203 series trains. Some sets were later converted to become 105 series, and the rest of the fleet was reallocated to Jōban Line services from Ueno.[3] The last set was retired in March 2006.

  • Original JNR livery, 1985

  • Later Jōban Line livery, April 2003

Revised livery with light blue stripe, May 2003

103-1200 series[edit]

Similar to the 103-1000 series, these were 7-car sets built by Nippon Sharyo and Tokyu Car Corporation for use on Chūō-Sōbu Line-Tōzai Line inter-running services alongside the aluminium-bodied 301 series. 5 sets (35 cars) were built between 1970 and 1978. They were initially painted in grey with a yellow stripe, but this was changed to a light blue stripe from 1989 to avoid confusion with the similarly coloured 205 series trains introduced on Chūō-Sōbu Line services.[3] The last set was retired in July 2003.

103-1500 series[edit]

Nine 103-1500 series 6-car sets were built between 1982 and 1983 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Hitachi for use on inter-running services between the Chikuhi Line and the Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line in Kyushu. In 1989, four sets were reformed as eight 3-car sets (numbered E11 to E18) by rebuilding MoHa 103 and MoHa 102 cars as KuMoHa 103 and KuMoHa 102 cars respectively. They were initially painted in light blue with a white stripe, but were repainted into a grey and red livery from 1995. The 3-car sets were modified for driver-only operation between December 1999 and March 2001.[4] Toilets were added to one end car of each set between June 2003 and October 2004.[5]

  • 103-1500 series in original livery, February 1983

  • JR Kyushu 103-1500 series in revised livery, April 2006

4-car Kawagoe Line set 53, June 2004

103-3000 series[edit]

Five three-car 103-3000 series sets (numbered 51 to 55) were formed in 1985 from former 72 series EMU cars for use on the Kawagoe Line following electrification in September 1985. Five MoHa 72970 cars were also converted to SaHa 103-3000 cars to augment Ome Line trains. These cars were fitted with passenger-operated door controls. The five Kawagoe Line sets were lengthened to four cars between October 1995 and March 1996 ahead of Hachiko Line electrification in March 1996.[3][6] The last set was withdrawn in October 2005.

  • Kawagoe Line 103-3000 series set 53 as a three-car set in May 1993

Formation[edit]

  1. KuMoHa 102-3000
  2. MoHa 103-3000 (with pantograph)
  3. SaHa 103-3000
  4. KuHa 103-3000
Four-car Kawagoe Line 103-3500 series set 56 in June 2004

103-3500 series (JR East)[edit]

One 4-car 103-3500 series set was formed in December 1995 from surplus 103-0 series cars to augment the fleet ahead of Hachikō Line electrification in March 1996. As with the 103-3000 series sets, passenger-operated door controls were fitted. The motor/trailer car configuration differed from that of the 103-3000 series sets.[3][6] The set was withdrawn in March 2005.

Formation[edit]

  1. KuHa 103-3502 (formerly KuHa 103-738)
  2. MoHa 102-3501 (formerly MoHa 102-2047)
  3. MoHa 103-3501 (with pantograph) (formerly MoHa 103-790)
  4. KuHa 103-3501 (formerly KuHa 103-725)
JR-West refurbished 2-car 103-3500 series sets in Bantan Line livery, March 2009

103-3500 series (JR-West)[edit]

Nine 2-car 103-3500 series refurbished sets (H1 to H9) were formed between September 1997 and March 1998 ahead of Bantan Line electrification in March 1998. Toilets were added between 2005 and 2006.[4][7]

Formation[edit]

  1. KuMoHa 102-3500 (with toilet)
  2. KuMoHa 103-3500 (with pantograph)

103-3550 series (JR-West)[edit]

Eight 2-car 103-3550 series refurbished sets (M1 to M8) were formed between January and October 2004 ahead of Kakogawa Line electrification in March 2005. These sets feature cab gangway connections and toilets.[4][7]

Formation[edit]

  1. KuMoHa 102-3550 (with toilet)
  2. KuMoHa 103-3550 (with pantograph)

  • JR-West refurbished Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set, January 2008

  • Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set M1 with Train with eyes livery by Tadanori Yokoo, October 2005

  • Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set M2 with Travel in a galaxy livery by Tadanori Yokoo, February 2006

  • Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set M8 with Run! Three-way junction livery side view by Tadanori Yokoo, August 2007

Internal training sets[edit]

One internal crew training set, formed as KuMoHa 103-100 + MoHa 102-224, was used for internal crew training at the JR East Crew Training Center at Higashi-Omiya Depot. The set had different cab end designs, as MoHa 102-224 used the cab of former ATC equipped KuHa 103-332, sets. It was withdrawn in 2009 following the delivery of a new 209 series-based training set in 2008.

  • Higashi-Ōmiya set, 2008

JR operations[edit]

JR East[edit]

Last remaining 103 series set on the Senseki Line, in January 2007

JR East formerly operated a large number of 103 series sets on the following lines.

One four-car 103 series set remained in use by JR East on the Senseki Line in the Sendai area between November 2006 and 21 October 2009.[8]

JR Central[edit]

JR Central formerly used 103 series sets on Chuo Main Line services in the Nagoya area, but these were subsequently replaced by 211 series and 313 series EMUs.

JR-West[edit]

A JR-West refurbished set in USJ promotional livery in December 2005

JR-West continues to operate a large number of 103 series sets, many of which have received extensive life-extension refurbishment.[7] JR-West currently operates 103 series sets on the following lines. They were also used on the Osaka Loop Line until October 2017. As of 2018, there are 99 cars still active in service.

Previous Operations (JR West):

JR Kyushu[edit]

JR Kyushu operates a fleet of 103-1500 series sets on Fukuoka City Subway and JR Chikuhi Line inter-running services.[7] As of 2018, there are 6 3-car trainsets still remain in service.

Overseas operations[edit]

Four former JR East 103 series 4-car units (Musashino Line sets KeYo 20, 21, 22, and 27) were shipped to Indonesia in 2004 to operate on the KRL Jabotabek system in Jakarta.[9]

  • KuMoHa 103: 105, 153
  • MoHa 103: 654, 752
  • MoHa 102: 231, 321, 810, 2009
  • KuHa 103: 359, 384, 597, 632, 815, 822
  • SaHa 103: 210, 246

These cars retain their Japanese numbering.

As of November 2016, all 103 series have been withdrawn.

  • Former JR East 103 series EMU working in the Jakarta area of Indonesia, July 2007

  • Former JR East set KeYo 21 in revised "JR Central" livery in Jakarta, December 2011

Preserved examples[edit]

  • KuMoHa 103-18 at Mino-Ōta Depot in April 2007

  • KuHa 103-525 at the Toshiba factory in Fuchu in March 2010

  • MoHa 102-230 stored at the RTRI facility in Kokubunji, Tokyo, in October 2010

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jr電車編成表 2018冬 JR電車編成表 2018冬 [JR EMU Formations - Winter 2018] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 15 November 2017. p. 422. ISBN 978-4-330-84117-5. 
  2. ^ Haraguchi, Takayuki (2009). Jr全車両: ビジュアル決定版 Encyclopedia of JR's Railway Cars: ＪＲ全車両 (in Japanese). Japan: Sekai Bunka. p. 60–61. ISBN 978-4-418-09905-4. 
  3. ^ a b c d JR全車輛ハンドブック1997 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1997]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 1997. 
  4. ^ a b c JR全車両ハンドブック2006 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 2006. 
  5. ^ JR電車編成表 2009夏 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 2009]. Japan: JRR. June 2009. ISBN 978-4-330-06909-8. 
  6. ^ a b JR電車編成表 '02夏号 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 2002]. Japan: JRR. June 2002. ISBN 978-4-88283-037-5. 
  7. ^ a b c d JR電車編成表 '07冬号 [JR EMU Formations - Winter 2007]. Japan: JRR. December 2006. ISBN 978-4-88283-046-7. 
  8. ^ JR East news release (9 October 2009) Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 9 October 2009. (in Japanese)
  9. ^ インドネシアで活躍する日本の電車２００９ [Japanese EMUs active in Indonesia 2009]. The Railway Pictorial. 59 (824): pp. 102–107. October 2009. 
  10. ^ 京都鉄道博物館 [Kyoto Railway Museum]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 56 no. 662. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. June 2016. pp. 52–53. 
  11. ^ 3/23,東芝府中工場の103系とクモニ83が工場外に [23 March: Toshiba Fuchu Factory 103 series and KuMoNi 83 moved outside]. Japan Railfan Magazine. 52 (615): 178. July 2012. 
  12. ^ a b c d Sasada, Masahiro (25 November 2014). 国鉄&jr 保存車大全 2015-2016 国鉄&JR保存車大全2015-2016 [JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide 2015-2016] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. p. 123. ISBN 978-4863209282. 
  13. ^ Sasada, Masahiro (September 2012). 国鉄&jr保存車大全: 日本全国全カテゴリー1312両 国鉄&JR保存車大全 [JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. p. 127. ISBN 978-4863206175. 

Further reading[edit]

  • Moro, Nobuaki (30 June 2012). 103系物語: 戦後日本の高度成長を支えた通勤電車 103系物語 [The 103 series story]. Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 978-4533086991. 

External links[edit]

  • "JR East 103 series". Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 2009-03-19.  (in Japanese)
  • "JR Central train information page". Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 2009-03-16.  (in Japanese)
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