1185 papal election
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The 1185 papal election was convoked after the death of Pope Lucius III. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Uberto Crivelli of Milan, who took the name of Urban III.
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Cloister of the Duomo di Verona. It was almost finished construction in 1185.
External cardinal
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In the category of the members of the College of Cardinals in the central Middle Ages, an external cardinal was a cardinal of the Holy Roman Church who was not a member of the Roman Curia, being eithe
1185 papal election
…title Elevated Elevator Notes Konrad von Wittelsbach Bavaria Bishop of Sabina and Archbishop of Mainz 18 December 1165 Alexander III prior episcoporum. External cardinal. Theodinus Arrone Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina 18 December 1165 Alexander III Abbot of Monte Cassino (October 1166–14 September 1167). Henri de…
Pope Victor III (1087), before his election to the papacy, was simultaneously the cardinal and abbot of Monte Cassino.
At least eight abbots of Monte Cassino between 1057 and 1259/62 were simultaneously cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
Bernardo degli Uberti was simultaneously a cardinal and abbot of Vallombrosa. In 1106, he became bishop of Parma and resigned his cardinalate with this appointment.
Pope Alexander III (pictured highest at right) was the first pope who allowed the cardinals to occupy the external episcopal sees.