1.
Andy Warhol
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Andy Warhol was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in galleries in the late 1950s. He promoted a collection of known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression 15 minutes of fame. In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the rock band The Velvet Underground. He authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism and he is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement. Warhol has been the subject of retrospective exhibitions, books. The Andy Warhol Museum in his city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art. Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable, the highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled Silver Car Crash, his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the bellwether of the art market, Warhol was born on August 6,1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the child of Ondrej Warhola and Julia, whose first child was born in their homeland. His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó, located in todays northeastern Slovakia, Warhols father emigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhols grandparents. Warhols father worked in a coal mine, the family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church, Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol, the oldest, was born before the family emigrated, Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavols son, James Warhola, became a childrens book illustrator. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors, often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio, Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident, as a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945
2.
Moderna Museet
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Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, is a state museum for modern and contemporary art located on the island of Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm, opened in 1958. In 2009, the opened a new branch in Malmö in the south of Sweden. The museum was opened in 9 May 1958 and its first manager was Pontus Hultén. In May 2010, Daniel Birnbaum became the new director of the museum, in 2009, the museum opened a new branch in the house previously known as Rooseum in Malmö. The museum houses Swedish and international modern and contemporary art, including pieces by Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí, only three of the Picasso paintings have been recovered. Visiting the permanent collection was originally free of charge, but some of the exhibitions had entrance fees. The fees were reinstated in 2007, in 2005, former museum director Pontus Hultén bequeathed over 700 works of art to Moderna Museet, along with his archive and library. A few works of the collection are on display with the permanent collection. The museum has a park on the island with works by sculptors of diverse nationalities. In 1994–98, it was moved to another location, the Spårvägshallarna, in Stockholm while the new building on Skeppsholmen. The Pontus Hultén Study Gallery was designed by Renzo Piano, the museums restaurant is popular due to its beautiful location. The museum organizes and is a venue for contemporary art exhibitions throughout the year. In 2005, the hosted the successful onedotzero festival bringing a new younger audience to the museum with screenings, installations, talks. Official site – In Swedish and English
3.
Stockholm
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The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC. It is also the capital of Stockholm County, Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the countrys GDP and it is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europes top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and it hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the citys most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is known for its decoration of the stations. Swedens national football arena is located north of the city centre, Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Stockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Ministers residence is adjacent at the Sager House. After the Ice Age, around 8,000 BCE, there were already a number of people living in the present-day Stockholm area. Thousands of years later, as the ground thawed, the climate became tolerable, at the intersection of the Baltic Sea and lake Mälaren is an archipelago site where the Old Town of Stockholm was first built from about 1000 CE by Vikings. They had a positive impact on the area because of the trade routes they created. Stockholms location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and in Heimskringla in connection with the legendary king Agne, the earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word meaning fortification, the second part of the name means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. Stockholms core, the present Old Town was built on the island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid 13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League, Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Gdańsk, Visby, Reval, and Riga during this time
4.
Sweden
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Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, at 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre. Approximately 85% of the lives in urban areas. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats/Götar and Swedes/Svear, Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Today, Sweden is a monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country, legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister, Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages, in the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire, which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, the last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905, leading to Swedens current borders, though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars, Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts, such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and it is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. The modern name Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod and this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige literally means Realm of the Swedes, excluding the Geats in Götaland, the etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning ones own, referring to ones own Germanic tribe
5.
Reality television
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It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers. The genre has various standard tropes, including confessionals used by cast members to express their thoughts, an early example of the genre was the 1991 Dutch series Nummer 28, which was the first show to bring together strangers and record their interactions. It then exploded as a phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the success of the series Survivor, Idols. These shows and a number of others became global franchises, spawning local versions in dozens of countries, Reality television as a whole has become a fixture of television programming. There are grey areas around what is classified as reality television, Reality television has faced significant criticism since its rise in popularity. Much of the criticism has centered on the use of the word reality, Television formats portraying ordinary people in unscripted situations are almost as old as the television medium itself. Precedents for television that portrayed people in unscripted situations began in the late 1940s, queen for a Day was an early example of reality-based television. The 1946 television game show Cash and Carry sometimes featured contestants performing stunts, debuting in 1948, Allen Funts hidden camera show Candid Camera broadcast unsuspecting ordinary people reacting to pranks. In 1948, talent search shows Ted Macks Original Amateur Hour and Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts featured amateur competitors, in the 1950s, game shows Beat the Clock and Truth or Consequences involved contestants in wacky competitions, stunts, and practical jokes. Confession was a show which aired from June 1958 to January 1959. The radio series Nightwatch tape-recorded the daily activities of Culver City, the series You Asked for It incorporated audience involvement by basing episodes around requests sent in by postcard from viewers. First broadcast in the United Kingdom in 1964, the Granada Television documentary Seven Up, broadcast interviews with a dozen ordinary 7-year-olds from a broad cross-section of society and inquired about their reactions to everyday life. Every seven years, a film documented the life of the same individuals during the period, titled the Up Series, episodes include 7 Plus Seven,21 Up. The program was structured as a series of interviews with no element of plot, however, it did have the then-new effect of turning ordinary people into celebrities. The first reality show in the modern sense may have been the series The American Sportsman, Another precursor may be considered Mutual of Omahas Wild Kingdom which aired from 1963 through 1988. This show featured zoologist Marlin Perkins traveling across the globe and illustrating the variety of animal life on the planet. Though mostly a travelogue, it was popular in syndication and new episodes were produced through the eighties. The 12-part 1973 PBS series An American Family showed a nuclear family going through a divorce, unlike many later reality shows, it was more or less documentary in purpose and style
6.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
7.
Celebrity
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Celebrity status is often associated with wealth, while fame often provides opportunities to make money. Successful careers in sports and entertainment are commonly associated with celebrity status, People may also become celebrities due to media attention on their lifestyle, wealth, or controversial actions, or for their connection to a famous person. Throughout recorded history there are accounts of people who attracted the trappings of celebrity which would be recognized today, athletes in Ancient Greece were welcomed home as heroes, had songs and poems written in their honor, and received free food and gifts from those seeking celebrity endorsement. Ancient Rome similarly lauded actors and notorious gladiators, and Julius Caesar appeared on a coin in his own lifetime, in the 12th century, Thomas Becket became famous following his murder. He was promoted by the Christian Church as a martyr and images of him, the cult of personality can be traced back to the Romantics in the 18th Century, whose livelihood as artists and poets depended on the currency of their reputation. The establishment of cultural hot-spots became an important factor in the process of generating fame, for example, London, newspapers started including gossip columns and certain clubs and events became places to be seen in order to receive publicity. The movie industry spread around the globe in the first half of the 20th Century, yet, celebrity wasnt always tied to actors in films, especially when cinema was starting out as a medium. The second half of the century saw television and popular music bring new forms of celebrity, such as the rock star, unlike movies, television created celebrities who were not primarily actors, for example, presenters, talk show hosts and news readers. In the sixties and early seventies the book publishing industry began to persuade major celebrities to put their names on autobiographies and other titles in a genre called celebrity publishing. In most cases the book was not written by the celebrity but by a ghost-writer, cultures and regions with a significant population may have their own independent celebrity systems, with distinct hierarchies. For example, the Canadian province of Quebec, which is French-speaking, has its own system of French-speaking television, movie, a person who garners a degree of fame in one culture may be considered less famous or obscure in another. S. Whereas the francophone Canadian singer Celine Dion is well known in both the French-speaking world and in the United States, regions within a country, or cultural communities can also have their own celebrity systems, especially in linguistically or culturally distinct regions such as Quebec or Wales. Regional radio personalities, newscasters, politicians or community leaders may be local or regional celebrities and these informal rankings indicate a placing within a hierarchy. However, due to differing levels of celebrity in different regions, a Brazilian actor might be a B-list action film actor in the U. S. but an A-list star in Portugal. Some elements are associated with fame, such as appearing on the cover of Time, being spoofed in Mad, having a wax statue in Madame Tussauds, certain people are known even to people unfamiliar with the area in which they excelled. If one has to name a famous boxer, they are likely to name Muhammad Ali or Mike Tyson. The same phenomenon is true for fictional characters, superman, Spider-Man, The Hulk, Wonder Woman and Batman represent super heroes to a far wider audience than that of the comics and graphic novels in which they appear. Disney have themeparks around the world rely on the fame of its creations headed by Mickey Mouse
8.
Paparazzi
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Paparazzi are independent photographers who take pictures of athletes, entertainers, politicians, and other celebrities, typically while going about their usual life routines. Some public figures and celebrities have expressed concern at the extent to which paparazzi go to invade their personal space, the filing and receiving of judicial support for restraining orders against paparazzi has increased, as have lawsuits with judgments against them. A news photographer named Paparazzo is the eponym of the word paparazzi, in his book Word and Phrase, Robert Hendrickson writes that Fellini took the name from an Italian dialect word that describes a particularly annoying noise, that of a buzzing mosquito. As Fellini said in his interview to Time magazine, Paparazzo, suggests to me a buzzing insect, hovering, darting, stinging. Those versions of the origin are confirmed by Treccani, the most authoritative Italian encyclopaedia. He further states that either Fellini or Flaiano opened the book at random, saw the name of a restaurant owner, Coriolano Paparazzo, and decided to use it for the photographer. This story is documented by a variety of Gissing scholars and in the book A Sweet and Glorious Land, Revisiting the Ionian Sea by John Keahey. By the late 1960s, the word, usually in the Italian plural form paparazzi, had entered English as a term for intrusive photographers. A person who has been photographed by the paparazzi is said to have been papped, a transliteration of paparazzi is used in several languages that do not use the Latin alphabet, including Japanese, Korean, Russian, Thai and Hebrew. Chinese uses 狗仔隊, meaning puppy squad, in the United States, celebrity news organizations are protected by the First Amendment. To protect the children of celebrities, California passed a new bill in September 2013, the purpose of the new bill is to stop paparazzi from taking pictures of children in a harassing manner, regardless of who their parents are. This new law increased the penalty on harassment and the penalty for harassment of children, the trial lasted three weeks and became a groundbreaking case regarding photojournalism and the role of paparazzi. In Galella v. Onassis, Kennedy obtained an order to keep Galella 150 feet away from her and her children. The restriction later was dropped to 25 feet, the trial is a focal point in Smash His Camera, a 2010 documentary film by director Leon Gast. In 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales and Dodi Fayed were killed in a crash as their driver was speeding, trying to get away from paparazzi. An inquest jury investigated the involvement of paparazzi in the incident, the paper had also arranged for a dog team to track a judge for 72 hours, to provide the judge with first-hand experience with what paparazzi do. If I get a picture of Britney and her baby, Bouzad claimed, Paparazzi author Peter Howe told Time that celebrities need a higher level of exposure than the rest of us so it is a two-way street. In 2006, Daniella Cicarelli went through a scandal when a paparazzo caught video footage of her having sex with her boyfriend on a beach in Spain, after fighting in the court, it was decided in her favor, causing YouTube to be blocked in Brazil
9.
I Can't Read
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I Cant Read is a song written by David Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for Tin Machine on their debut album in 1989. Bowie recorded a new version of the song in 1997 for the film The Ice Storm and this version was released as a single in Germany and Scandinavia by Velvel Records in December 1997. In January 1998 it was released in Australia by Shock Records under exclusive license from Velvel Records. The single stayed in the UK Top 200 for 3 weeks, an acoustic version of the 1997 single was performed by Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for the radio station WRXT in Canada 16 October 1997. Tim Bowness and Samuel Smiles - Diamond Gods, Interpretations of Bowie Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
10.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
11.
Tin Machine
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Tin Machine were an Anglo-American hard rock band formed in 1988, notable for being fronted by English singer-songwriter David Bowie. The band consisted of Bowie on lead vocals and guitar, Reeves Gabrels on guitar, Tony Fox Sales on bass, guitarist Kevin Armstrong was an unofficial fifth member of the band, playing on both the first studio album and first tour. The band recorded two albums before dissolving in 1992, when Bowie returned to his solo career. Over the course of their career, the band sold two million albums, Bowie would later credit his time with Tin Machine as instrumental in revitalising his career in the 1990s. The Never Let Me Down album and subsequent Glass Spider Tour had left critics unimpressed, Bowie and Gabrels met through Gabrels wife Sarah, who was part of the press staff for the North American leg of Bowies 1987 Glass Spider world tour. She had given Bowie a tape of Reeves guitar playing, and after listening to the tape, Bowie told fellow band-member Gabrels that he felt he had lost his vision and wanted to be in the band to get it back. The first fruits of this came with a new version of Bowie’s 1979 song Look Back in Anger, Tony recalled that Bowie was thinking about getting a band together — something together. He didnt know exactly what he wanted to do, but he wanted Hunt and I to meet Reeves and maybe we could all write together, come up with something. Bowie himself was surprised with how things came together with the band, saying, and as we were getting together, it wasnt really occurring to me that this is what I wanted to do. It took a week or so of actually being in the studio and working, I was quite happy to go off and make a solo album. I was quite excited about a couple of things I was doing, which I brought into the band, but thats the nature of the band. Bowie was pleased that the band members clicked, calling the ease at which the personalities came together inspired guesswork, Hunt and Tony, the two sons of comic Soupy Sales, kept the mood jovial during recording sessions and interviews. Bowie later rejected the idea that Reeves, Hunt and Tony were backing members of his band, the Sales brothers would never accept having another boss. They are far too stubborn and aware of their own needs, theyre not in the market to be anybodys backing band, either of them. You do not fuck with the Sales brothers, or Reeves Gabrels, Gabrels said that Bowie came in one day while the group was first forming and said, I think this has got to be a band. You guys dont listen to me anyway, the band split profits four ways, no one was on a salary and each member paid for his own expenses. Bowie also clarified that the band will cease to exist the moment it ceases to be an experience for any of us. None of us wanted to get into the kind of situation where you find yourself making albums because youre contracted to
12.
The Ice Storm
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The Ice Storm is a 1994 American novel by Rick Moody. The novel was acclaimed by readers and critics alike, described as a funny, acerbic. The Hoods are Ben, Elena, Paul and Wendy and the Williamses are Jim, Janey, Mikey, Ben Hood Elena Hood Paul Hood Wendy Hood Janey Williams Jim Williams Mikey Williams Sandy Williams The novel explores the loss of innocence and moral compass in middle-upper class Americans. Its themes find their reflection in the setting, the 1970s at the time of the Watergate scandal in the wake of the sexual revolution, themes include secrets, permissiveness, vulnerability, betrayal, and absence. Youthful characters engage in sexual experimentation as their parents pursue affairs, the rapidly changing sexual mores of the period are reflected in the lives of both families, whose members experiment with traditionally taboo sexual acts such as incest and adultery. The Ice Storm was largely commended for its audacity and the many daring subjects explored in the novel, critic Adam Begley of the Chicago Tribune called the novel, A bitter and loving and damning tribute to the American family. This is a book, packed with keen observation and sympathy for human failure while The Guardian called it one of the wittiest books about family life ever written. Amanda Heller of The Boston Globe stated Moody brings this profusion of metaphor to order with a fierce and his characters, drawn with a manic acuity that isnt fully accounted for until the end, stay with us long after weve finished reading. The novel was a success commercially, however its sales were boosted in 1997 with the release of the film adaptation. The film adaptation The Ice Storm featured a cast including Sigourney Weaver, Kevin Kline, Joan Allen, Christina Ricci, Tobey Maguire and Elijah Wood. The film was a succès destime as an art film and critically acclaimed despite a poor box office. While remaining more or less faithful to the book, some details were changed, most notably, Weaver and Jamey Sheridans characters were named Janey and Jim Carver, while in Moodys book, their surname was Williams. The author Junot Diaz claims to have received the idea for the structure for The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao from this book
13.
Banksy
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Banksy is an anonymous England-based graffiti artist, political activist and film director of unverified identity. Their satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique, Banksys works of political and social commentary have been featured on streets, walls, and bridges of cities throughout the world. Banksys work grew out of the Bristol underground scene, which involved collaborations between artists and musicians, Banksy says that they were inspired by 3D, a graffiti artist who later became a founding member of the English musical group Massive Attack. Banksy displays their art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls, Banksys first film, Exit Through the Gift Shop, billed as the worlds first street art disaster movie, made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. The film was released in the UK on 5 March 2010, in January 2011, Banksy was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary for the film. In 2014, Banksy was awarded Person of the Year at the 2014 Webby Awards, Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994 as one of Bristols DryBreadZ Crew, with two other artists known as Kato and Tes. Banksy was inspired by artists and their work was part of the larger Bristol underground scene with Nick Walker, Inkie. During this time Banksy met Bristol photographer Steve Lazarides, who began selling Banksys work, by 2000 Banksy had turned to the art of stencilling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. Bansky was the goalkeeper for the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls football team in the 1990s, Banksys first known large wall mural was The Mild Mild West painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a teddy bear lobbing a Molotov cocktail at three riot police, Banksys stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment, subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly. On 19 June 2002, Banksys first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33 1⁄3 Gallery, the exhibition, entitled Existencilism, was curated by 33 1⁄3 Gallery, Malathion LAs Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions Grace Jehan, and B+. In 2003, at an exhibition called Turf War, held in a London warehouse, at the time they gave one of their very few interviews, to the BBCs Nigel Wrench. Although the RSPCA declared the conditions suitable, a rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest. These oil paintings were shown at an exhibition in Westbourne Grove. Banksy, along with Shepard Fairey, Dmote and others created work at an exhibition in Alexandria. Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at Notting Hill Carnival that year and these notes were also given with invitations to a Santas Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on eBay for about £200 each, a wad of the notes were also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the NME signing tent at The Reading Festival
14.
Robbie Williams
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Robert Peter Robbie Williams is an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a member of the pop group Take That from 1990 to 1995 and he has also had commercial success as a solo artist. Williams rose to fame in Take Thats first run in the early-to-mid-1990s, Williams also released seven number-one singles. On 15 July 2010, he rejoined Take That, the groups subsequent album Progress became the second fastest-selling album in UK chart history and the fastest-selling record of the century at the time. Gary Barlow has since confirmed that Williams had left for a time, although the departure was amicable. He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom, in 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted the Greatest Artist of the 1990s. According to the British Phonographic Industry, Williams has been certified for 19.5 million albums and 6.8 million singles in the UK as a solo artist. Williams also topped the 2000–2010 UK airplay chart, racking up almost 50% more plays than the Sugababes at number 2, in 2014 he was awarded the freedom of his home town of Stoke-on-Trent, as well as having a tourist trail created and streets named in his honour. Williams was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire and his maternal grandfather was Irish and hailed from Kilkenny. Williams attended St Margaret Ward Catholic School in Tunstall, before attending dance school UKDDF in Tunstall and he participated in several school plays, and his biggest role was that of the Artful Dodger in a production of Oliver. In 1990, the sixteen-year-old Williams was the youngest member to join Take That, according to the documentary Take That, For the Record, his mother read an advertisement seeking members for a new boy band and suggested that he try out for the group. He met fellow member Mark Owen on the day of his audition/interview with Nigel Martin-Smith, during the heights of the bands popularity, Williams was known as the extrovert and cheeky practical joker of the band. However, he had conflicts with Martin-Smith over the rules for Take That members. In November 1994, Williamss drug abuse had escalated to the point of his having a drug overdose the night before the group was scheduled to perform at the MTV Europe Music Awards. Barlow explained in interviews that Williams had given up trying to offer creative input, during one of the last rehearsals before the tour commenced, the group confronted Williams about his attitude and stated they wanted to do the tour without him. He agreed to quit and left the group in July 1995, despite the departure of Williams, Take That completed their Nobody Else Tour as a four-piece band. They later disbanded on 13 February 1996, Williamss 22nd birthday, shortly afterwards, Williams was photographed by the press partying with the members of Oasis at Glastonbury Festival. Following his departure, he became the subject of shows and newspapers as he acknowledged his plans to become a solo singer
15.
Rudebox
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Rudebox is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams, released on 23 October 2006 in the United Kingdom. The album features collaborations with William Orbit, Mark Ronson, Soul Mekanik, lily Allen provides backing vocals on the songs Bongo Bong and Je ne taime plus and Keep On. Williams himself spoke fondly of the album upon its release, It has become something on which Ive found myself and this is the right direction for me personally, this is what it is. I saw the whole Robbie thing coming to a close as it was, I couldnt make another album like the ones Id made, what I am excited about now is making more music. I love all the stuff on the album, I love Rudebox, I dont know whats gonna happen now, Im excited about getting it out there, but Im more excited about making more. The album is a mixture of covers and new tracks, in addition to Summertime, an originally written when Williams left Take That. Shes Madonna was the centre of a storm after Ashley Hamilton claimed that he came up with part of the song with Williams. Hamilton has claimed he wishes to take the matter to court as he is not credited as a co-writer on the album, the song raised the ire of Martin-Smith, who demanded that the song be removed from the album. The omitted lyrics were rapped during the break before the second verse, according to review aggregator Metacritic, Rudebox received an average of 53 out of 100 indicating mixed to average reviews from music critics, based on twelve critiques. In the United Kingdom, the album sold 54,667 copies on the day of release, by Wednesday, the album had sold over 75,000 copies. The album debuted at No.1 on the Official UK Albums Chart, despite reaching the number one spot, sales were far below what was expected by his label EMI, and overall sales were overtaken by his former band Take Thats Beautiful World. However, the album performed better than Beautiful World outside the UK, the fallout of the albums relative failure led to the firing of two music executives responsible for the albums development. As of December 2013, the album had sold 514,457 copies in the UK, the album was released in the Netherlands on 20 October 2006, on the same day the album was certified platinum as a result of pre-order sales of over 70,000 copies. In Belgium, the album sold 50,000 copies and went platinum and it was released on 23 October 2006 in Australia and debuted at number-one, achieving platinum status in its first week. It has since been certified 2× Platinum,220,000 copies of the album were sold in France on the week of release, as well as 600,000 in Germany. On 8 November 2006, IFPI certified the album 2× Platinum in Europe with sales of over 2 million copies, on 20 November 2006, the album reached number-one in Mexico, becoming Williams first number-one album there. The album was certified platinum there, with sales of over 100,000 copies, Rudebox became the eighteenth best selling album of 2006 worldwide according to the IFPI
16.
Social networking service
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Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail and instant messaging and online forums. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, digital photos and videos, posts, depending on the social media platform, members may be able to contact any other member. In other cases, members can contact anyone they have a connection to, and subsequently anyone that contact has a connection to, LinkedIn, a career social networking service, generally requires that a member personally know another member in real life before they contact them online. Some services require members to have a connection to contact other members. The main types of social networking services are those that contain category places, means to connect with friends, there have been attempts to standardize these services to avoid the need to duplicate entries of friends and interests. A study reveals that India has recorded worlds largest growth in terms of media users in 2013. A2013 survey found that 73% of U. S. adults use social networking sites, the variety and evolving range of stand-alone and built-in social networking services in the online space introduces a challenge of definition. Furthermore, the idea that these services are defined by their ability to bring people together provides too broad a definition, such a broad definition would suggest that the telegraph and telephone were social networking services – not the Internet technologies scholars are intending to describe. The terminology is unclear, with some referring to social networking services as social media. The potential for computer networking to facilitate newly improved forms of computer-mediated social interaction was suggested early on, efforts to support social networks via computer-mediated communication were made in many early online services, including Usenet, ARPANET, LISTSERV, and bulletin board services. Many prototypical features of social networking sites were present in online services such as America Online, Prodigy, CompuServe, ChatNet. Early social networking on the World Wide Web began in the form of generalized online communities such as Theglobe. com, Geocities, some communities – such as Classmates. com – took a different approach by simply having people link to each other via email addresses. In the late 1990s, user profiles became a feature of social networking sites, allowing users to compile lists of friends. New social networking methods were developed by the end of the 1990s and it also became one of the first companies to profit from the sale of virtual goods. Friendster was followed by MySpace and LinkedIn a year later, friendster became very popular in the Pacific Islands. Orkut became the first popular social networking service in Brazil and quickly grew in popularity in India, attesting to the rapid increase in social networking sites popularity, by 2005, it was reported that Myspace was getting more page views than Google. Facebook, launched in 2004, became the largest social networking site in the world in early 2009, Facebook was first introduced as a Harvard social networking site, expanding to other universities and eventually, anyone. The term social media was introduced and soon became widespread, web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders
17.
David Weinberger
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David Weinberger is an American technologist, professional speaker, and commentator, probably best known as co-author of the Cluetrain Manifesto. Weinbergers work focuses on how the Internet is changing human relationships, communication, knowledge, a philosopher by training, he holds a Ph. D. from the University of Toronto and taught college from 1980-1986. He was a gag writer for the comic strip Inside Woody Allen from 1976-1983, in addition, he is Co-Director of the Harvard Library Innovation Lab at Harvard Law School. He had the title Senior Internet Advisor to Howard Deans 2004 presidential campaign, - (Note that Weinberger suggests that the Crimson got his position on the reliability of Wikipedia backwards. Podcast Interview at MFG Innovationcast Podcast Interview at CBCs Spark, Interview on 99FACES. tv about The Cluetrain Manifesto and Too Big To Know Roberts, Russ
18.
Momus (musician)
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Nicholas Currie, more popularly known under the artist name Momus, is a Scottish songwriter, author, blogger and former journalist for Wired. For over thirty years he has been releasing, to commercial and critical success, albums on labels in the United Kingdom, the United States. He is fascinated by identity, Japan, Rome, the avant-garde, time travel, Momus began by recording post-punk material with ex-members of Josef K in a group called The Happy Family in the early 1980s and was associated with the musicians around Postcard Records. His debut solo album Circus Maximus explored biblical themes in dark and his debt to the influence of Gallic pop was clear from a subsequent, sardonically self-referencing cover of Jacques Brels Jacky and portraits of himself in the style of early 1960s Serge Gainsbourg. In 1987, when he lived in London, he signed to Creation Records and began to record the hyper-literate, quirky pop songs for which he is best known. A trio of albums, The Poison Boyfriend, Tender Pervert and Dont Stop The Night, blended accessible dance-pop with such heavy lyrical themes as paedophilia, necrophilia and adultery. Subsequent albums on Creation included Hippopotamomus, a tribute to Gainsbourg. By 1994, however, when Creation signed Oasis, his music began to seem out of place on the newer, more laddish. He moved to Paris and signed to Cherry Red Records, the first time was from Michelin UK, for the song Michelin Man, which compared the mascot to a blow-up doll, on Hippopotamomus. He was sued by Wendy Carlos for the song Walter Carlos on The Little Red Songbook. The case was settled out of court for a fee of $30,000, withdrawal of the song, agreement not to use Carlos name for any purpose, and payment of damages and attorneys fees to Carlos. To pay off the debt, Momus wrote 30 songs, one each person or group who commissioned a song for $1,000. Patrons included artist Jeff Koons, Japanese musician Cornelius, and three-year-old animator/superhero Noah Brill, Stars Forever also features the winners of a karaoke contest started on The Little Red Songbook. In 2000, he performed As You Turn to Go on The 6ths album Hyacinths and Thistles and he has continued to release Momus albums, as well as contribute to other artists records since. Momus has written for Wired, Vice, Index Magazine, AIGA Voice, 032c, in 2006 he was a featured artist in the Whitney Biennial in New York City, serving as an unreliable tour guide to visitors of the exhibition. He kept a blog documenting his everyday experience, philosophies and fetishes. Momus said in 1991 that In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen people, the quip parodies Andy Warhols famous prediction that, In the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes. The Fotolog. Book with texts by Momus on photoblogging was published in April 2006 by British publishers Thames & Hudson, the Book of Jokes and The Book of Scotlands have received positive reviews in the LA Times and the Guardian
19.
Marilyn Manson
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Brian Hugh Warner, better known by the stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, composer, actor, painter, author and former music journalist. His stage name was formed by combining and juxtaposing the names of two American pop cultural icons, actress Marilyn Monroe and cult leader Charles Manson. In the U. S. alone, three of the albums have been awarded platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had eight releases debut in the top ten. Manson has been ranked number 44 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader, Manson made his film debut in 1997 as an actor in David Lynchs Lost Highway. Since then he has appeared in a variety of minor roles and he was interviewed in Michael Moores political documentary Bowling for Columbine, discussing possible motivations for the 1999 Columbine massacre and allegations that his music was somehow a factor. On September 13–14,2002, his first art show, The Golden Age of Grotesque, was held at the Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions center. Manson revealed a series of 20 paintings in 2010 entitled Genealogies of Pain, an exhibition showcased at Kunsthalle gallery in Vienna, Austria, which the artist collaborated on with David Lynch. Warner and guitarist Scott Daisy Berkowitz Putesky formed Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids following conversations at the Reunion Room in Fort Lauderdale, the name was later shortened to Marilyn Manson. In 1993, the band drew the attention of Trent Reznor, Reznor produced their 1994 debut album, Portrait of an American Family and released it on his Nothing Records label. The band began to develop a following, which grew larger on the Downward Spiral Tour that featured Nine Inch Nails. That EP yielded the bands first big MTV hit with Sweet Dreams, antichrist Superstar was an even greater success. In the U. S. alone, three of the albums have been awarded two platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had seven releases debut in the top ten. Manson first worked as a producer with the band Jack Off Jill and he helped name the band and produced most of the bands early recordings, and also played guitar on the song My Cat and had the band open most of his South Florida shows. Manson later wrote the notes to the bands album Humid Teenage Mediocrity 1992–1996. Manson has appeared as a guest performer on DMXs album Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood, in 2011 it was revealed that Manson was to appear on the singer Skylar Greys album Invinsible on the track entitled Cant Haunt Me. Manson released his studio album, Born Villain, in May 2012. On November 10,2014, Manson posted via his official Facebook page that his studio album, The Pale Emperor. On August 15,2015, Manson had New Orleans brass ensemble the Soul Rebels perform Beautiful People with him live in Japan at the Summer Sonic Music Festival, shooter Jennings album Countach features Manson performing guest vocals on a cover of David Bowies Cat People
20.
Mechanical Animals
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Mechanical Animals is the third studio album by American rock band Marilyn Manson, released on September 14,1998 by Nothing and Interscope Records. The album marked a shift from the industrial and alternative metal styles of the bands earlier efforts. As their first release following the success of their album, 1996s Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals themes primarily deals with the trappings of fame. A rock opera and concept album, Mechanical Animals is the installment in a trilogy which included Antichrist Superstar. The album has certified platinum in the United States, Canada. It spawned the singles The Dope Show, Rock Is Dead, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, making it the first Marilyn Manson album to do so. Following the conclusion of their year-long Dead to the World Tour in September 1997, work on Mechanical Animals began soon after. By early December of that year, the singer began opening up on the new and unnamed records development. Early on, there were reports that the new album would be produced by the Los Angeles-based production team. According to MTV News, have completed work on a few tracks on the effort from Marilyn Manson. However, nothing came of this collaboration and none of the reported completed tracks have surfaced. The Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, a friend of Mansons, after playing a few of the early songs for him, Corgan advised the band that This is definitely the right direction but to go all the way with it. The band subsequently employed Michael Beinhorn as principal producer, co-producing the record with Marilyn Manson, sean Beavan was also brought in to supply additional production work. Its much more vulnerable music that Im making on this new album, both sonically and lyrically its about the depression of alienation, rather than the aggressiveness of it. Guitarist Zim Zum divulged that in one instance the band recorded a song a day for two weeks straight during a spree of creativity. Final mixing and post-production took place in a studio in Burbank, in July 1998, after having contributed guitar work to 12 of the albums 14 tracks, Zim Zum left the band under amicable terms to pursue his own solo project. He was replaced by the former guitarist of English industrial metal band 2wo, John Lowery. He has become numb to the world, either lost or high in space or the Hollywood Hills
21.
Determined (song)
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Determined is the first single from American band Mudvaynes third studio album, Lost and Found. The song contains elements of metal and hardcore punk. The music video for Determined shows the band playing the song in front of a group of moshing fans. It was recorded in New York City, the song is featured in the soundtrack to Need for Speed, Underground 2. Mudvayne performed the song live for the first time in early 2005 during a small clubs tour and it has since become a regular part of the bands setlist. Johnny Loftus of AllMusic called the one of Mudvaynes all-time strongest tracks. It also received praise from the Baltimore Sun, the song was nominated at the 2006 Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance but lost to Slipknots Before I Forget
22.
Mudvayne
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Mudvayne was an American heavy metal band from Peoria, Illinois formed in 1996. Originally from Bloomington, Illinois, they are known for their experimentation, innovative album art, face and body paint, masks. The band has sold six million records worldwide, including nearly three million in the United States. The group consisted of Chad Gray, Greg Tribbett, Ryan Martinie, formed in 1996, Mudvayne became popular in the late-1990s Decatur, Illinois underground music scene. The band released an EP, Kill, I Oughtta, in 1997 and they had global success with The End of All Things to Come, Lost and Found and The New Game. Since 2010, the band has been inactive, with its members performing in other projects, Chad Gray is the vocalist for the heavy metal supergroup Hellyeah, to which Greg Tribbett was also a member until 2014. Gray founded an independent record label, Bullygoat Records, which produces heavy-metal albums, in early 2015, Chad Gray noted that the bands return seemed very unlikely, unless everybody licked their wounds and got over it. Mudvayne, formed in 1996 in Bloomington, Illinois, originally consisted of bassist Shawn Barclay, guitarist Greg Tribbett, the bands original lineup finalized when Chad Gray, who was earning $40,000 a year in a factory, quit his day job to become its singer. In 1997 Mudvayne financed its debut EP, Kill, I Oughtta, during the EPs recording Barclay was replaced by Ryan Martinie, former bassist for the progressive-rock band Broken Altar. After self-distributing Kill, I Oughtta, Mudvayne adopted stage names, in April 1998 local promoter Steve Soderstrom introduced Mudvayne to its original manager, Chuck Toler, who helped obtain a contract with Epic Records and record the 2000 debut studio album L. D. For the album, Mudvayne experimented with a ragged, dissonant sound, L. D.50 was produced by Garth Richardson, with executive production by Slipknot member Shawn Crahan. L. D.50 peaked at No.1 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, the singles Dig and Death Blooms peaked at No.33 and No.32 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Although the album was praised, some found the band hard to take seriously. To promote L. D.50, Mudvayne played on the Tattoo the Earth tour with Nothingface, Slayer, Slipknot, Nothingface guitarist Tom Maxwell became friends with Mudvayne vocalist Chad Gray, and they explored the possibility of a supergroup. The following year, Nothingface again toured with Mudvayne, although plans for a supergroup continued, Gray and Maxwell had discussed five names for the group, and Mudvayne guitarist Greg Tribbett approached Maxwell out of the blue to join it. Although Nothingface drummer Tommy Sickles played on the demo, the search for another drummer began. In 2002 Mudvayne released The End of All Things to Come, during its mixing, Gray and McDonough stopped at Bobs Big Boy and Gray remembered overhearing someone say something like. And hes got to cut his own eye out, when he asked McDonough if he heard the conversation McDonough said he hadnt, and Gray thought it was someone discussing a scene from a screenplay
23.
Lost and Found (Mudvayne album)
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Lost and Found is the third full-length album by the American band Mudvayne. The album was released on April 12,2005, the album had major success in the U. S. debuting at number 2 and being certified Gold by the RIAA shortly afterward. It has sold about 1,000,000 copies as of August 2014 and is the bands most successful album to date, after opening for Metallica on the bands Summer Sanitarium tour in 2003, Mudvayne spent the holidays recuperating before starting work on the album. The album was produced by Dave Fortman, the band chose Fortman because they felt he could combine the bands extreme elements. Before heading to The Plant Studios in Sausalito, California to record the album, the band rented a ranch in Northern California where they wrote and rehearsed songs for the album. They converted its multi-stall garage into a makeshift studio, as with the bands previous album, Mudvayne chose to isolate themselves to provide inspiration for their songwriting. Matt McDonough stated Establishing clear goals for each song has been the key to Mudvaynes quick results and its a strange contradiction, but it can be very liberating to set limitations on creativity as long as you dont let those limitations define you. It frees up a lot of energy when you stop pulling an idea in fifty different directions. By May 27,2004 the band had finished writing 12 songs for the album, Chad, Ryan, Greg and Matt left the ranch in Santa Cruz and went back to their respective homes in California, Illinois and Wisconsin. On Saturday, June 12,2004 the band reconvened to commence recording the album, the song Small Silhouette was recorded during the Lost and Found sessions, with it later appearing on the soundtrack album to the VH1 series Masters of Horror. Lost and Found was described as a rock album by Consequence of Sound. It includes elements of thrash metal, the song Determined utilizes elements of modern thrash and hardcore punk, while the song IMNs lyrics revolve around suicide, a recurring theme in Mudvaynes songs. The track Choices was described by Gray as the eight-minute opus and it is to date the longest Mudvayne song. The band sees the album as a return to the raw sound heard on L. D,50, with guitarist Greg Tribbett saying in an interview with Rolling Stone magazine Instead of being all slick, were definitely going for a raw sound on this record. The last one was pretty smooth and the first record, L. D,50, was raw, so were kind of mixing it up a little bit. Matt McDonough said he believed the music on the album would reflect a refinement of Mudvaynes complexly structured hard rock balanced against more melody than any previous album. Bassist Ryan Martinie added Our goal for the album is to make music that pleases us because if it makes us happy then the rest will take care of itself. Many critics have claimed the abandoned the sound from their previous albums
24.
Operation: Mindcrime
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Operation, Mindcrime is the third studio album by the American progressive heavy metal band Queensrÿche, released on May 3,1988. The album was re-released on May 6,2003 with two tracks, and in 2006 as a deluxe box set. In January 1989, it ranked at No.34 on Kerrang, magazines 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time. The album was certified by the RIAA as gold a year after its release, a sequel, Operation, Mindcrime II, was released on April 4,2006. In the United States, the album was certified Gold a year after its release, the band shot a one-off promotional video in 1988 for the song Speak using performance footage. It did not include a dramatization of any of the storys concepts, the song I Dont Believe in Love was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1990 in the category Best Metal Performance. During the tour promoting the 1990 album Empire, Operation, Mindcrime was performed in its entirety, the stage show featured video, animation and guest singer Pamela Moore as Sister Mary. A recording was released as Operation, Livecrime, the story was initially explored in a series of video clips for MTV in the 1989 VHS video, Video, Mindcrime. A sequel, Operation, Mindcrime II, was released on April 4,2006, the subsequent tour consisted of the band performing both Operation, Mindcrime and its sequel in their entirety, back-to-back, with actors, props, an elaborate stage set, and a video screen. The live act from that tour also portrayed Marys death clearly for the first time and it was later released on the 2007 DVD Mindcrime at the Moore, which included a recording of Dios only live performance of The Chase. The album begins with the protagonist, Nikki, in a hospital and he lies in a near catatonic state, unable to remember anything but snippets from his past. Suddenly, Nikkis memories come flooding back in a torrent, whenever Dr. X uses the word mindcrime, Nikki becomes his docile puppet, a state which Dr. X uses to command Nikki to undertake any murder that the Doctor wishes. Through one of Dr. Xs probable associates, a corrupt priest named Father William, through his friendship and growing affection toward Sister Mary, Nikki begins to question the nature of what he is doing, seeing that Dr. X has his own nefarious agenda. Dr. X takes notice and, seeing a threat in Mary to his cult of personality. Nikki goes to Marys church and kills the priest, but, after confronting Mary and he and Mary decide to leave the organization together, and Nikki goes to Dr. X to tell him that they are out. Dr. X, however, reminds Nikki that he is an addict, Nikki leaves, conflicted and uncertain, and he returns to Mary only to find her dead. Nikki cannot cope with the loss, as well as the possibility that he himself may have killed her knowing it. He runs through the streets calling her name, the police arrive and attempt to subdue him
25.
Sugar Ray
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Sugar Ray is an American rock band formed in 1986. The band, starting off more as a metal band. This songs success, coupled with its pop sound that was quite different from the rest of their material at the time, led the band to change to a mainstream. Subsequent albums shared this style, and the band landed a number of hits with Every Morning and Someday from 14,59, the band members grew up in Orange County. Rodney Sheppard played in a number of bands, including working with future Good Charlotte drummer Dean Butterworth. In the late 1980s, prior to Sugar Ray, Sheppard, later additions Murphy Karges, Craig Bullock and Mark McGrath changed the bands name to Shrinky Dinx - they were initially named Shrinky Dinks. After signing with Atlantic Records, the name was changed to Sugar Ray upon threat of a lawsuit from the Milton Bradley Company, maker of the Shrinky Dinks toy. The bands debut album, Lemonade and Brownies, was released in 1995 and their early work features elements of funk metal, punk rock and alternative rock. Sugar Rays first mainstream hit came in the summer of 1997 with their song Fly, Fly did not sound anything at all like the rest of the tracks on the album and received frequent radio play, resulting in a number one rank on the Billboards Airplay List. As a result of the success of Fly, Floored sold well and was certified double platinum, however, by the end of 1997, critics were skeptical that Sugar Ray could put out another successful song and labeled them a one-hit wonder. The same year, Sugar Ray was featured in the movie Fathers Day, starring Billy Crystal, Floored featured nu metal elements and was their last album to contain heavy metal elements before they moved to a more pop rock direction. Their 1999 album 14,59 was the reply to suggestions that they were a one-hit wonder. Every Morning, which was compared to Fly, had similar success during the spring of 1999. Their follow-up single Someday also enjoyed extensive airplay later that year, the next follow-up single Falls Apart reached number 29 in early 2000. 14,59 outsold its predecessor and was certified triple platinum, the band toured in support of the album, most notably performing at Woodstock 99. In 2000, Sugar Ray did a version of John Cale. Other singles such as Answer the Phone, Under the Sun, Sugar Ray also made several movie appearances, including Scooby-Doo in 2002. Sugar Rays 2003 effort In the Pursuit of Leisure, and the first single from the album, Mr. Bartender, the album also contained the bands cover of Joe Jacksons famous Is She Really Going Out With Him
26.
Big in Japan (phrase)
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Big in Japan is an expression historically used to describe western based musical groups who achieve success in Japan but not necessarily in other parts of the world. Some bands have used their popularity in Japan as a springboard to break into other audiences, the band had previously struggled to break into the mainstream American market with their earlier albums. Furthermore, like Cheap Trick, some bands have lost their big in Japan titles after gaining popularity in their respective homelands, the most notable example is Queen, along with Bon Jovi. Another example is The Ventures, a band formed in 1959 and touring Japan each year since 1965, being Big in Japan turned into a positive sign of their closeness to the hearts of Japanese people, with the band embedded in national and local rock cultures. The phrase was used as the name of a UK punk band active from 1977 to 1982 and was the name of the track on the Grammy-winning 1999 album Mule Variations by Tom Waits. The mockumentary This is Spinal Tap parodies this phenomenon when the schedules a Japanese tour after discovering that their single Sex Farm is inexplicably selling very well there. American band Mountain reformed for a tour of Japan in 1973. A live album titled Twin Peaks was released in 1974, Mountain bass player and vocalist Felix Pappalardi then worked with the Japanese band Creation in 1976. Alexandra Stan, whose song Mr. Saxobeat sold over 10,000,000 copies worldwide, is popular in Japan. It has also used in sports, for instance, to describe Major League Baseball players who join Japanese clubs at the end of their careers. The derivative phrase small in Japan, originally used for AC/DC, has used since the early 1980s. In Japanese culture, the small in Japan is also used to describe Japanese celebrities who are unknown, unsuccessful or forgotten in Japan. In one exceptional case, Digital Arts magazine has used the phrase to describe the Xbox, exceptionalism Galápagos syndrome World famous in New Zealand
27.
Fad
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Fads are things or behaviors that have achieved short-lived popularity, but fade away. Fads are often seen as sudden, quick spreading, and short-lived, Fads could include diets, clothing, hairstyles, toys, and more. Some popular fads throughout history are toys such as yo-yos, hula hoops and dances such as the Macarena, more current fads might include memes, planking, and Tebowing. Fads often fade quickly when the perception of novelty is gone, the specific nature of the behavior associated with a fad can be of any type including unusual language usage, distinctive clothing, fad diets or frauds such as Pyramid schemes. Apart from general novelty, fads may be driven by marketing, emotional blackmail, peer pressure. Fads may also be set by popular celebrities, e. g. the highly popularizing effect of Oprahs Book Club, in economics, the term is used in a similar way. Fads are mean-reverting deviations from intrinsic value caused by social or psychological forces similar to those that cause fashions in political philosophies or consumerisation, sometimes people use the words “fad” and “trend” interchangeably. Fads can be distinguished from trends in three ways, their reason for rise, their period and life span, and their scope. Trends have explainable rises, and are driven by functional needs and they reflect deep-rooted human desires and needs, while fads are generally driven by the emotional need to purchase. This emotional need can come from the hype that surrounds the product, trends rise slowly over time, but fads’ popularity spike quickly and they end up dying out just as quickly. Fads might last for just weeks or months, a trend encompasses several brands and products which can reach a large variety of people. A fad typically encompasses just one brand, or product, with limited appeal, an example of a fad would be Beanie Babies. Beanie Babies do not meet many needs of humans, their hype is what helped to bring in more customers. Fads tend to have a surge in popularity, and then disappear. Beanie Babies became very popular for a few years in the 1990s, but then their popularity quickly dropped, Beanie Babies were made by one company and had a narrow scope. Some more examples of fads include pole sitting, dancing the Shake, an example of a trend would be handbags. Trends are driven by functional needs, and handbags were created for functionality, trends tend to rise in popularity more slowly. The demand for handbags has steadily increased over the years, as for their scope, different types of people use handbags for different reasons, to carry things such as money, personal items, clothes, children’s things, and more
28.
Internet meme
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An Internet meme is an activity, concept, catchphrase or piece of media which spreads, often as mimicry, from person to person via the Internet. Some examples include posting a photo of people lying down in public places, a meme is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture. An Internet meme may take the form of an image, hyperlink, video, website and it may be just a word or phrase, including an intentional misspelling. These small movements tend to spread person to person via social networks, blogs, direct email. They may relate to various existing Internet cultures or subcultures, often created or spread on various websites, or by Usenet boards, fads and sensations tend to grow rapidly on the Internet, because the instant communication facilitates word-of-mouth transmission. The concept of the Internet meme was first proposed by Mike Godwin in the June 1993 issue of Wired, dawkins explained that Internet memes are thus a hijacking of the original idea, the very idea of a meme having mutated and evolved in this new direction. Further, Internet memes carry an additional property that ordinary memes do not—Internet memes leave a footprint in the media through which they propagate that renders them traceable and analyzable, Internet memes are a subset that Susan Blackmore called temes—memes which live in technological artifacts instead of the human mind. Image macros are often confused with internet memes and are often miscited as such, however, there is a key distinction between the two. Primarily this distinction lies within the subjects recognizability in internet pop-culture, in the early days of the Internet, such content was primarily spread via email or Usenet discussion communities. Messageboards and newsgroups were also popular because they allowed a simple method for people to information or memes with a diverse population of internet users in a short period. They encourage communication between people, and thus between meme sets, that do not normally come in contact, furthermore, they actively promote meme-sharing within the messageboard or newsgroup population by asking for feedback, comments, opinions, etc. This format is what gave rise to internet memes, like the Hampster Dance. Another factor in the increased meme transmission observed over the internet is its interactive nature, many phenomena are also spread via web search engines, internet forums, social networking services, social news sites, and video hosting services. Much of the Internets ability to spread information is assisted from results found through search engines, an Internet meme may stay the same or may evolve over time, by chance or through commentary, imitations, parody, or by incorporating news accounts about itself. Internet memes can evolve and spread rapidly, sometimes reaching worldwide popularity within a few days. Internet memes usually are formed from some social interaction, pop culture reference and their rapid growth and impact has caught the attention of both researchers and industry. Academically, researchers model how they evolve and predict which memes will survive, commercially, they are used in viral marketing where they are an inexpensive form of mass advertising. One empirical approach studied meme characteristics and behavior independently from the networks in which they propagated, theoretical studies on media psychology and communication have aimed to characterise and analyse the concept and representations in order to make it accessible for the academic research
29.
It girl
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An early literary usage of the term it in this context may be traced to a 1904 short story by Rudyard Kipling, It isnt beauty, so to speak, nor good talk necessarily. The expression reached global attention in 1927, with the popularity of the Paramount Studios film It, starring Clara Bow. Elinor Glyn, the notorious English novelist who wrote the book It and it can be a quality of the mind as well as a physical attraction. Glyn, who first rose to fame as the author of the scandalous 1907 bestseller Three Weeks, is credited with the invention of the It Girl concept, although it predates her book. But she is responsible for the impact the term had on the culture of the 1920s. Lucile also specialised in dressing trendsetting stage and film performers, ranging from the stars of the Ziegfeld Follies on Broadway to silent screen icons like Mary Pickford, as early as 1917 Lucile herself used the term it in relation to style in her fashion column for Harpers Bazaar. I saw a very ladylike and well-bred friend of mine in her newest Parisian frock and she felt she was it and perfectly happy. The Paramount Studios movie was planned as a showcase for its popular star Clara Bow. Bow later said she wasnt sure what It meant, although she identified Lana Turner, and later Marilyn Monroe, as It Girls, by contrast, Bows rival is equally young and comely, yet she doesnt have It. In the UK Tara Palmer-Tomkinson was considered to be the foremost of the 90s It girls, the celebrity-focused nature of newspapers, particularly tabloids, is helpful in this respect. The term It boy, almost never heard, is in theory the male equivalent and this term is unrelated to the abbreviation IT. Glyns 1927 movie script was adapted into a musical called The It Girl, andy Warhols muse, Edie Sedgwick, was dubbed the It Girl. American actress and former model Chloë Sevigny was described as an It Girl by The New York Times editor Jay McInerney in the early 1990s because of her status as a fashion impresario, in Germany the young actress Sara Schätzl was labelled an It-Girl by the tabloid press. It Girls is a documentary film directed by Robin Melanie Leacock. 15 minutes of fame Bimbo It bag Famous for being famous Sex symbol Socialite Morella, Joseph, Epstein, the It Girl, The Incredible Story of Clara Bow
30.
World famous in New Zealand
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The phrase world famous in New Zealand is a commonly used phrase within New Zealand and the slogan of Lemon & Paeroa soft drink. The term is simultaneously both parochially proud and self-deprecatingly humorous, the phrase was created by the advertising agency of Coca-Cola Amatil and came into widespread use in 1993 when it was used as the slogan for the New Zealand soft drink Lemon & Paeroa. In 2009 Paeroa businessman Tony Coombe tried to prevent Coca-Cola Amatil from trademarking the phrase, however, both an Intellectual Property Office commissioner and when he later appealed to the High Court, the appeal was dismissed, allowing Coca-Cola Amatil to trademark the phrase. New Zealand culture Big in Japan The original L&P television commercial Harvey, H. Kiwi speak, the first paragraph gives an example of the phrase as it is used in New Zealand
31.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
32.
Campbell's Soup Cans
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Campbells Soup Cans, which is sometimes referred to as 32 Campbells Soup Cans, is a work of art produced in 1962 by Andy Warhol. The individual paintings were produced by a printmaking method—the semi-mechanized screen printing process, Campbells Soup Cans reliance on themes from popular culture helped to usher in pop art as a major art movement in the United States. The exhibition marked the West Coast debut of pop art, in the United States the abstract expressionism art movement was dominant during the post-war period, and it held not only to fine art values and aesthetics but also to a mystical inclination. This controversy led to a deal of debate about the merits. Warhols motives as an artist were questioned, and they continue to be topical to this day, the large public commotion helped transform Warhol from being an accomplished 1950s commercial illustrator to a notable fine artist, and it helped distinguish him from other rising pop artists. Although commercial demand for his paintings was not immediate, Warhols association with the led to his name becoming synonymous with the Campbells Soup Can paintings. Today, the Campbells Soup cans theme is used in reference to the original set of paintings as well as the later Warhol drawings and paintings depicting Campbells Soup cans. Warhol arrived in New York City in 1949, directly from the School of Fine Arts at Carnegie Institute of Technology and he quickly achieved success as a commercial illustrator, and his first published drawing appeared in the Summer 1949 issue of Glamour Magazine. In 1952, he had his first art show at the Bodley Gallery with a display of Truman Capote-inspired works. His process, which foreshadowed his later work, involved pressing wet ink illustrations against adjoining paper, during the 1950s, he had regular showings of his drawings, and exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art. In 1960, Warhol began producing his first canvases, which he based on comic strip subjects, in late 1961, he learned the process of silkscreening from Floriano Vecchi, who had run the Tiber Press since 1953. Though the process begins with a stencil drawing, it often evolves from a blown up photograph which is then transferred with glue onto silk. In either case, one needs to produce a version of a positive two-dimensional image. Usually, the ink is rolled across the medium so that it passes through the silk, Campbells Soup cans were among Warhols first silkscreen productions, the first were U. S. dollar bills. The pieces were made from stencils, one for each color, Warhol did not begin to convert photographs to silkscreens until after the original series of Campbells Soup cans had been produced. Castelli had visited Warhols gallery in 1961 and said that the work he saw there was too similar to Lichtensteins, although Warhols and Lichtensteins comic artwork differed in subject and techniques. Castelli chose not to represent both artists at that time, but he would, in 1964, exhibit Warhol works such as reproductions of Campbells Tomato Juice Box,1964 and he would again exhibit Warhols work in 1966. Warhol was considering returning to the Bodley gallery, but the Bodleys director did not like his pop art works
33.
Marilyn Diptych
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The Marilyn Diptych is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol. The piece is one of the artists most noted works, and it has been praised by several critics such as Camille Paglia. The original piece is currently owned by the Tate, the work was completed during the weeks after Marilyn Monroes death in August 1962. It contains fifty images of the actress, which are all based on a publicity photograph from the film Niagara. The twenty-five pictures on the side of the diptych are brightly colored, while the twenty-five on the right are in black. It has been suggested that the relation between the side of the canvas and the right side of the canvas is evocative of the relation between the celebritys life and death. The piece is currently owned by the Tate, in a December 2,2004 article in The Guardian, the painting was named the third most influential piece of modern art in a survey of 500 artists, critics, and others. The piece is currently on display at the Tate Modern, as part of the exhibition, Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Pop 1957-67
34.
Men in Her Life (painting)
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Men in Her Life is a 1962 painting by Andy Warhol. It is a black and white painting inspired by the life of Elizabeth Taylor and it is a series of photos picturing the most important men in the life of Elizabeth Taylor, including her third husband Mike Todd and her future husband Eddie Fisher. The painting was sold for $63.4 million in 2010 by Phillips de Pury & Co, the final sum was a surprise even for the organizers, which evaluated the painting at 40 million dollars initially. The name of the winner was not disclosed to the public
35.
Eight Elvises
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Eight Elvises is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol of Elvis Presley. In 2008 it was sold by Annibale Berlingieri for $100 million to a private buyer, the current owner and location of the painting, which has not been seen publicly since the 1960s, are unknown. Eight Elvises is composed of eight identical, overlapping images of Elvis Presley in cowboy attire, the painting was originally a portion of a 37-foot long piece, containing sixteen copies of Elvis, that was showcased in a 1963 exhibition at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. The exhibition, Warhols second at the Ferus, contained several other pieces using the image of Elvis. The images of Elvis were taken from a publicity still from the movie Flaming Star, when the gallery was dismantled, the section with eight images of Elvis became a distinct piece, measuring 6 1⁄2 by 12 feet. While Warhol created 22 versions of the painting with two Elvises on it, known as Double Elvis, only one piece titled Eight Elvises was created. In 2008 Eight Elvises was sold by Annibale Berlingieri, who had owned it for 40 years, news of the sale, which was not announced publicly at the time, was broken by art writer Sarah Thornton and published in The Economist in late 2009. The deal was brokered by Philippe Ségalot, a New York-based art dealer, the current location of the painting is unknown. Another painting from 1963, Silver Car Crash, broke the record for a Warhol work set by Eight Elvises when it sold for $105 million at auction in November 2013. Triple Elvis List of most expensive paintings McCarthy, David, Andy Warhols Silver Elvises, Meaning through Context at the Ferus Gallery in 1963
36.
Ethel Scull 36 Times
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It was Warhols first commissioned work. The work consists of four rows of nine columns, depicting Ethel Redner Scull. The artwork is owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ethel Scull was born in The Bronx, New York City in 1921 and her father was a wealthy taxi company owner. Robert Scull was born in New York City to Russian immigrant parents who had anglicized their name from Sokolnikoff. His childhood was spent in the Lower East Side of Manhattan and his interest in modern art began when he visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art as a ten-year-old boy. Ethel Redner met Robert Scull, who was then a freelance illustrator, when Ethels father retired, he distributed shares of his business to his three sons-in-law. Robert Scull was one of the beneficiaries, and built up a prosperous business, Robert Scull bought every work in Jasper Johns first exhibition. Ethel Scull 36 Times was Robert Sculls present to Ethel Scull on her 42nd birthday, once questioned by an interviewer regarding accusations that he and his wife bought art for investment and for social climbing, Robert Scull replied, Its all true. Id rather use art to climb than anything else, the summit of this social ascension was Ethel Sculls shaming introduction to the Duke of Windsor, she remained seated, merely raising her hand to be taken. In early 1963 Robert Scull asked Warhol to paint a portrait of his wife after the style of the Marilyn Diptych, at the time, this was at the height of the Sculls fame. Warhol took Ethel Scull to a Times Square photo booth and prompted her to take 300 black, Warhol told her jokes in an effort to make her photographs more candid. One hand-colored photo-strip from the session is in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum and it has been reported that Warhol made around 1,000 portraits, many of them commissioned. In 1974 he accepted a commission from Gunther Sachs to paint Sachs then wife Brigitte Bardot, other commissioned works include a 1985 portrait of Lana Turner paid for by the actress herself. Ethel Scull 36 Times was Warhols first commissioned portrait and the point in his business in making portraits at the request of wealthy celebrities. Warhols earlier depictions of people were created from pictures in printed media, a movie poster was used for the Marilyn Diptych. Ethel Scull 36 Times was the first time Warhol created an artwork directly from photographs, after divorcing his wife, Robert Scull claimed ownership of the painting. Ethel Scull claimed the art work was a given to her by her then husband
37.
Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)
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Silver Car Crash is a 1963 serigraph by the American artist Andy Warhol. In November 2013 it sold for $105m at auction, setting a new highest price for a work by Warhol, silver Car Crash depicts a body twisted in the mangled interior of a silver car. It was printed by Andy Warhol at the age of 35 and it is the last serigraph of the artist that was left in private hands. The serigraph is 8 by 13 feet in dimensions, and it was displayed only once in public during the last 26 years, the art masterpiece was held by a European collector for 20 years. In November 2013, five bidders fought for the serigraph in an auction of art works organized by Sothebys. The name of the winner was never disclosed to the public, the final price was above the expectations of the organizers, because the serigraph was estimated at $60-80 million. The price broke the record paid for a Warhol serigraph. Eight Elvises List of most expensive paintings
38.
Green Car Crash
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Green Car Crash is a painting by the American artist Andy Warhol. On May 16,2007 at 7 P. M, it sold for $71. 7m at auction, green Car Crash is one of the representative paintings of the Pop Culture. It is a part of the Death and Disaster series painted by Andy Warhol in 1963, the painting is attributed to Warhol himself, but it is assumed that his assistant Gerard Malanga had a huge contribution to this creation. Green Car Crash is one of the highly valued paintings of this collection, green Car Crash was finished in 1963. It was inspired by photographs taken by John Whitehead and published in the Newsweek magazine. The car was pursued by the Seattle police, the driver lost control of the wheel at 60 miles per hour, crashing into a utility pole. Green Car Crash is the only Warhol Burning Car painting of five to utilize a color other than black, green Car Crash was privately owned for more than 30 years, and when it was put up for sale in 2007, it generated a huge amount of interest. By that time, it set a new record for an Andy Warhol creation and it was a huge sum compared with the pre-auction estimation of only $25 million. The record was broken in 2013, when painting of the collection
The dictionary definition of nine day wonder at Wiktionary
Quotations related to Andy Warhol at Wikiquote
