1.
Bay Area Rapid Transit
–
Bay Area Rapid Transit is a public transportation system serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The rapid transit elevated and subway system connects San Francisco with cities in Alameda, Contra Costa, BART operates 5 routes on 104 miles of track connecting 45 stations, plus a 3. 2-mile automated guideway transit line to the Oakland International Airport which adds an additional station. A spur line in eastern Contra Costa County will utilize other rail technologies, with an average of 433,000 weekday passengers and 128.5 million annual passengers in fiscal year 2016, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. The systems acronym is pronounced Bart, like the name, BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. As of 2017, it is being expanded to San Jose with the consecutive Warm Springs, some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit Systems current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular trans-bay traffic across the deck of the Bay Bridge. By the mid-1950s, that system had been dismantled in favor of highway travel, a new rapid-transit system was proposed to take the place of the Key System during the late 1940s, and formal planning for it began in the 1950s. Some funding was secured for the BART system in 1959, passenger service began on September 11,1972, initially just between MacArthur and Fremont. All nine Bay Area counties were involved in the planning and envisioned to be connected by BART, before the system began revenue service, serious problems in the design and operation of the Automatic Train Control system were observed. Three engineers working for BART, Max Blankenzee, Robert Bruder, BART management was dismissive of their concerns, so the three took the issue to the board of directors. All but two of the directors voted in February 1972 to support management and reject the safety concerns, management retaliated against the engineers, firing them in March 1972. The IEEE later filed the first amicus brief in its history to support the engineers. The California Society of Professional Engineers reported to the California State Senate in June 1972 that there were serious safety risks with the ATC. Legislative analyst A. Alan Post, opened an investigation immediately, an ATC failure caused the train to run off the end of the elevated track and crash to the ground, injuring four people on-board, and drawing national and international attention. The “Fremont Flyer” led to a redesign of the train controls. The California State Public Utilities Commission imposed stringent oversight over train operations, the legislative analyst issued the first of three “Post Reports” in November 1972. The report was “sharply critical” of BART, finding that the ATC system was unreliable, the ATC program was mismanaged, and “no solution was in sight. ”The report accused BART of paying excessive fees for engineering services. BART’s general manager called the indictment of safety in the Post Report “not only disappointing, telephone calls were placed manually between stations, instead
2.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Island platform
–
An island platform is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station, tram stop or transitway interchange. Island platforms are popular on twin-track routes due to pragmatic and cost-effective reasons, an alternative arrangement is to position side platforms on either side of the tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location, the island platform layout is a popular, cost-effective and practical solution in modern railway systems. Island platforms allow facilities such as escalators, elevators, shops, toilets and this is essential for wheelchair accessible stations. An island platform makes it easier for users and the infirm to change services between tracks. Additionally, an island platform layout eliminates the need to construct a crossover or subway between two platforms, however, island platforms may become overcrowded, especially at busy stations, and this can lead to safety issues such as Clapham Common and Angel on the London Underground. However, for the tracks to diverge around the platform, extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station. Track centers vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 meters, if the island platform is 6 meters wide, the tracks have to slew out by the same distance. While this is not a problem on a new line that is being constructed, in addition, a single island platform makes it quite difficult to have through tracks, which are usually between the local tracks. A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, high-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms. This arrangement also allows the station to serve as a point where trains can be passed by faster trains. The purpose of this design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway were constructed in this form and this was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel. Island platforms are a normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms, in Toronto,29 subway stations use island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long, in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia, PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation. Most elevated stations in Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system use island platforms, the exception is Dover MRT Station, which uses side platforms as it is built on an existing rail line. The planned Canberra MRT Station will also use side platforms, as it also be built on an existing rail line
4.
AC Transit
–
AC Transit is an Oakland-based public transit agency serving the western portions of Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. AC Transit also operates Transbay routes across San Francisco Bay to San Francisco and selected areas in San Mateo, AC Transit is constituted as a special district under California law. It is governed by seven elected members and it is not a part of or under the control of Alameda or Contra Costa counties or any local jurisdictions. Buses operate out of three operating divisions, Emeryville, East Oakland, and Hayward, the Operations Control Center is located in Emeryville. The Richmond operating division closed in 2011, the District is the public successor to the privately owned Key System. The Districts bus lines also serve parts of some other East Bay communities, including Milpitas, Pinole, most routes connect with regional train service, primarily BART, in addition to ACE and Amtrak, including the Capitol Corridor. While most AC Transit service consists of lines throughout the East Bay. Most of these run across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to connect communities as distant as El Sobrante, Bus service is also provided across the San Mateo and Dumbarton bridges to the south. AC Transits primary hubs include BART stations, major shopping centers, and points of interest, most routes serve and/or terminate at BART stations, providing convenience for transit users. The hubs include, See also AC Transits page on fares and passes or AC Transits page on bus fares, on July 1,2014, AC Transit introduced a Day Pass, designed for customers taking more than two local buses in a day. The pass is good for unlimited rides on local routes from 3,01 a. m. to 3,00 a. m. Customers can obtain a Day Pass in one of two ways, Using Clipper, Customers keep cash value on their card. Once fares equalling the Day Pass price have been deducted, the Day Pass automatically activates, on subsequent rides, the card is tagged but no additional fare is deducted. On-Board, Customers deposit the amount in the farebox and request a Day Pass from the bus operator. On subsequent rides, the pass is swiped at the farebox, AC Transit fares are structured to promote the use of Clipper. Not only are local bus rides cheaper, but certain interagency transfers and day passes are easier to obtain, monthly passes are only available on Clipper. Local BART-to-bus transfer, $0.25 cash discount to and from BART with paper transfer issued at BART, applied as $0.50 Clipper discount on bus trip away from BART only. To transfer from AC Transit to another bus agency without Clipper, to transfer from another bus agency to AC Transit without Clipper, ask the other bus driver for a transfer. Notes, All fares are in USD,1 Issued upon request when full price is paid
5.
All Nighter (bus service)
–
The All Nighter is a night bus service network in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Portions of the shadow the rapid transit and commuter rail services of BART and Caltrain. BART and Caltrain do not operate owl service so that maintenance can be performed. The slogan is, Now transit stays up as late as you do, the service launched initially in December 2005, and fully launched in March 2006. BART and Caltrain riders who previously faced uncoordinated substitute bus service after midnight can now take advantage of the coordinated All Nighter bus service. The service is operated by AC Transit, Muni, SamTrans, the agencies have a network of timed transfers, and half-hourly weekend service was implemented between downtown San Francisco and several BART stations along the Richmond and Fremont lines. AC Transit Route 800 operates along Market Street in San Francisco, the service is funded by Regional Measure 2, which voters approved in 2004. The measure increased tolls by $1 on state-owned bridges in the Bay Area, the All Nighter service initially included County Connection Route 820, which operated between downtown Oakland and central Contra Costa County. This route was discontinued in December 2008 due to budgetary problems and it also included WHEELS Route 810, which operated between Bay Fair BART in San Leandro and Livermore via Dublin/Pleasanton BART. This route was discontinued in June 2009 due to budgetary problems, additional service from Bay Fair BART to Castro Valley BART via AC Transit Route 880 was discontinued in March 2010 due to that agencys budgetary problems. Weekend service to Pittsburg/Bay Point BART via AC Transit Line 822 was discontinued in December 2015 due to low ridership, overnight transit service throughout the Bay Area predated the All Nighter initiative. AC Transits long-standing overnight service was withdrawn in 1996 and then restored and expanded in later years. SamTrans introduced overnight service to SFO in 2001 and maintained it with a subsidy from the airport starting in 2003, VTA introduced overnight service on Route 22 and the light rail network, but later withdrew overnight light rail service due to financial difficulties. Golden Gate Transit, which had offered an essentially 24-hour service on Route 80 to Santa Rosa. 24-hour service was one of the issues considered in the Metropolitan Transportation Commissions Lifeline study, Service in Contra Costa and Alameda counties is provided by AC Transit. AC Transit also operates Transbay service to and from San Francisco over the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, Service in San Francisco is provided by the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Service on the Peninsula is provided by SamTrans in San Mateo County with connections to San Francisco, Service in the South Bay is provided by the VTA in Santa Clara County between Palo Alto and San Jose. All Nighter service generally operates daily between midnight and 5 a. m, AC Transits Transbay service operates until 6 a. m. on Saturdays and 8 a. m. on Sundays and designated holidays to correspond with the times BART is not operating
6.
San Francisco Municipal Railway
–
The San Francisco Municipal Railway is the public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco, California. In 2006, it served 46.7 square miles with an budget of about $700 million. In ridership Muni is the seventh largest transit system in the United States, with 210,848,310 rides in 2006 and the second largest in California behind Metro in Los Angeles. With a fleet average speed of 8.1 mph, it is the slowest major urban transit system in America and one of the most expensive to operate, costing $19.21 per mile per bus and $24.37 per mile per train. However, it has more boardings per mile and more vehicles in operation than similar transit agencies, many weekday riders are commuters, as the daytime weekday population in San Francisco exceeds its normal residential population. Muni shares four metro stations with BART, on weekends, most Muni bus lines are scheduled to run every ten to twenty minutes. However, complaints of unreliability, especially on less-often-served lines and older lines, are a system-wide problem. Muni has had difficulty meeting a stated goal of 85% voter-demanded on-time service. Most intercity connections are provided by BART and Caltrain heavy rail, AC Transit buses at the Transbay Terminal, 70% of stops are spaced closer than recommended range of 800–1,000 feet apart. Muni is short for the Municipal in San Francisco Municipal Railway and is not an acronym, thus, the Muni metro is often called the train or the streetcar. Most San Francisco natives use Muni when speaking about the system in general, the E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves lines are referred to by Muni as a historic streetcar line rather than as a heritage railway. Munis logo is a stylized, trademarked worm version of the word muni and this logo was designed by San Francisco-based graphic designer Walter Landor in the mid-1970s. Bus and trolleybus lines have number designations, rail lines have letters, except for cable cars, cash fares are $2.50 for adults, $1. Clipper card fares are $2.25 for adults and $1 for seniors, youth, proof-of-payment, which fare inspectors may demand at any time, is either a Clipper card, Muni Passport, or paper transfer. One fare entitles a rider to unlimited vehicle transfers for the next 90 to 120 minutes, cable cars are $7 one way, with no transfers unless the rider has a Muni Passport or Fast Pass. As of September 2014 monthly passes cost $70 for adults, $35 for low-income residents, or $24 for youth, seniors, passes are valid on all Muni lines—including cable cars—and the $83 adult Fast Pass allows BART transit entirely within San Francisco. Other passes and stickers are valid on all Muni lines, including cable cars, cable car fare is $7 per trip, with no transfers issued or accepted. Muni has implemented a smart card payment system known as Clipper
7.
University of California, San Francisco
–
The University of California, San Francisco, is a center of health sciences research, patient care, and education devoted solely to graduate education and located in San Francisco, California. The UCSF School of Medicine is one of the most selective schools in the United States based on average MCAT score, GPA. In 2015,7,393 people applied and 437 were interviewed for 149 positions in the entering class, UCSF is currently ranked 2nd among medical schools in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities. The UCSF School of Medicine is affiliated with UCSF Medical Center, in 2014, a national evaluation of residency programs named UCSF and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine the top two physician training institutions in the United States. UCSF traces its history to Hugh H. Toland, a South Carolina surgeon who found great success, a previous school, the Cooper Medical College of the University of Pacific, entered a period of uncertainty in 1862 when its founder, Elias Samuel Cooper, died. In 1864, Toland founded a new school, Toland Medical College. The University of California was founded in 1868, and by 1870 Toland Medical School began negotiating an affiliation with the new public university. Meanwhile, some faculty of Toland Medical School elected to reopen the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, negotiations between the Toland and the UC were complicated by Tolands demand that the medical school continue to bear his name, which he finally conceded. In March 1873, the trustees of Toland Medical College transferred it to the Regents of the University of California, the schools first female student, Lucy Wanzer, graduated in 1876, after having to appeal to the UC Board of Regents to gain admission in 1873. The Schools of Dentistry, Pharmacy, Medicine, Nursing, and it also houses the UCSF neurology outpatient practice that serves as a referral center of most of northern California and Reno, Nevada. UCSFs Beckman Vision Center is also located at the Parnassus campus and it is a center for the diagnosis, treatment and research of all areas of eye care, including vision correction surgery. Also located on the Parnassus campus is the UCSF Fetal Treatment Center, multidisciplinary care center dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, UCSFs Mission Bay Campus, also located in San Francisco, is the largest ongoing biomedical construction project in the world. The 43-acre Mission Bay campus, opened in 2003 with construction still ongoing, contains additional research space and facilities to foster biotechnology and it will double the size of UCSFs research enterprise over the next 10 years. The biotechnology company Genentech contributed $50 million toward construction of a building as part of a settlement regarding alleged theft of UCSF technology several decades earlier. Also located on the Mission Bay campus, the Arthur and Toni Rembe Rock Hall was designed by César Pelli, the building is named in honor of Arthur Rock and his wife, who made a $25 million gift to the university. Byers Hall serves as the headquarters for the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, the building is named after venture capitalist Brook Byers, co-chair of UCSFs capital campaign that concluded in 2005 and raised over $1.6 billion. The building is named in honor of William J. Rutter, former Chairman of the universitys Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, a housing complex for 750 students and postdoctoral fellows and an 800-space parking garage also opened in late 2005. And a fourth building, designed by Rafael Viñoly and named the Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building
8.
24th Street Mission station
–
24th Street/Mission is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in the Mission District of San Francisco, California. It is a station with an island platform located below the intersection of Mission Street. Service at this station began on November 5,1973, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Media related to 24th Street Mission BART station at Wikimedia Commons BART - 24th St. Mission Station Overview Skateboarding Spot at 24th St
9.
Millbrae station
–
The Millbrae Intermodal Terminal is an at-grade Bay Area Rapid Transit and Caltrain station located in suburban Millbrae, California, in northern San Mateo County. It was expected to support over 30,000 BART trips per day, Millbrae Station is the largest intermodal terminal in the United States west of the Mississippi. It has three tracks for BART and two for Caltrain. An island platform allows a connection between the two systems. A concourse mezzanine is above the platforms, currently two BART tracks and one island platform usually are kept out of regular service, used instead to hold train sets that are also out of service. The station is also a bus transit hub with multiple bus bays served by several SamTrans lines. Millbrae Station has about 2,900 parking spaces, including a parking garage. The Reserved Parking areas cost $2/day from 10am-3pm on weekdays, a free Library-a-Go-Go Peninsula Library System library book vending machine was added in May 2011. The station has daily Caltrain commuter rail service along the line between San Jose and San Francisco. Midday trains are hourly each way, service is frequent during commute hours. Service south of San Jose to Gilroy is limited to three weekday round trips. Passengers who board the train without a ticket are subject to fines of up to $250 plus court fees. Passengers who use the electronic Clipper card to ride the Caltrain must remember to tag on their card prior to boarding, if they board the train without tagging on, they will be subject to the same fines. In addition, Caltrain passengers are charged the maximum one way fare when they tag on prior to boarding the train, if passengers who use the Clipper card forget to tag off when they exit the train, they will be charged the highest cash fare from point of origin. In 2015, construction began on the rail system. If completed as planned, Millbrae would serve as one of one or two stations between San Francisco and San Jose, and would allow high-speed rail passengers to reach SFO via BART. $290 million has been allocated to lengthen the platforms for connection to High Speed Rail, before the Millbrae Intermodal Terminal was built for the BART San Mateo Extension terminus Millbrae had a free Caltrain shuttle bus between the station and San Francisco International Airport. The former Southern Pacific Depot has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 1,1978, in 1985 Caltrain service began at the original Millbrae depot, replacing Southern Pacific trains that had operated along the San Francisco Peninsula since the early 20th century
10.
Daly City station
–
Daly City is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located in extreme northern San Mateo County, California, in suburban Daly City, less than one block outside the San Francisco city and county limits. Interstate 280 and California Route 1 run along the immediate west side of the station, the elevated station serves as a terminus for some BART lines. It consists of three tracks with a shared island platform and one side platform. The side platform is used primarily by southbound trains continuing on to Colma, the island platform is used primarily by northbound trains coming from Colma or Milbrae, or southbound trains terminating at the station. Southbound trains terminating at Daly City reverse their direction to make the trip to San Francisco. The station also has a service that makes round trips to San Francisco State University. Service at this station began on November 5,1973, technically, Fremont and Dublin/Pleasanton passengers coming out of the Millbrae/SFO line can transfer for trains at Daly City because Platforms 1 and 2 are for East Bay passengers. Several SamTrans and Muni lines stop and/or terminate at the station, 14R-Mission Rapid - weekday peak-period service to Mission and this line also serves the South of Market area, Mission District, Bernal Heights, Excelsior, and Crocker-Amazon. Also serves San Francisco State University, Golden Gate Park, 28R-19th Avenue Rapid - weekday peak-period service to Chestnut and Fillmore Streets in San Franciscos Marina District, serving the Parkmerced, Sunset, and Richmond districts. This bus line provides service to Route 28, but provides limited stop service. 54-Felton - daily local service to the Bayview/Hunters Point district via Lake Merced, Ingleside, Excelsior, Mission, Bernal Heights, Visitacion Valley, also serves City College of San Francisco and Balboa Park Station. 57-Parkmerced - daily local service to West Portal Station and Lakeshore Plaza at Sloat and 36th Avenue, serving West Portal, Stonestown Galleria, Parkmerced, Sunset, and Lake Merced. 110 - daily service to Linda Mar Shopping Center via Westlake Shopping Center, Pacific Manor Shopping Center, Eureka Square Shopping Center,120 - daily service to Colma BART and Brunswick & Templeton via Westlake District, Skyline Plaza Shopping Center, Serramonte Shopping Center, and Serra Center. 130 - daily service to Colma BART via Mission Street and Hillside Drive, ECR - daily service to Palo Alto Caltrain via Top of the Hill, Mission Street, and the El Camino Real corridor. A free shuttle service, it operates from 6, 30am to 11, 40am and from 3, 20pm to 8, Seton Shuttle to Seton Medical Center. The service operates from 6am to 9am and from noon to 7pm weekdays only, redi-Wheels, SamTrans paratransit service, also operates to the station with waiting shelters located next to the parking garage. San Francisco State University operates a shuttle between its campus and the station five days a week. Service is from 7 AM to 10,30 PM Monday through Thursday, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Daly City Station Overview Transit unlimited profile
11.
Civic Center/UN Plaza station
–
Civic Center/UN Plaza is a BART and Muni Metro station in the Civic Center of San Francisco. The westernmost of the dual BART/Muni stops on the Market Street Subway, with 18,432 exits each weekday, it is the fourth-busiest station in the BART system. Outside, in the United Nations Plaza itself, facing Market Street, there is a fountain, there is a flea market at the plaza or farmers market every day, year round. There are several buildings in the Civic Center area, including City Hall. The San Francisco Public Librarys main branch is located across the street, tenderloin is located two blocks north of the station. Service at this station began on November 5,1973, like all stations in the Market Street Subway apart from Van Ness, Civic Center/UN Plaza has a tri-level configuration. Muni Metro trains stop at a platform on the second level down. The Muni platform is punctured in several locations by openings for stairs and escalators that go directly from the level to the BART platform. As the openings are not blocked off by walls, it is possible to hear activity on the Muni platform from the BART platform, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Media related to Civic Center / UN Plaza Station at Wikimedia Commons BART – Civic Center Station Overview
12.
Richmond station (California)
–
Richmond Station is an at-grade Bay Area Rapid Transit and Amtrak station located in Richmond, California. Each system is served by an island platform, the Capitol Corridor, San Joaquins, and California Zephyr stop here and connect to BART. The station was rebuilt and rededicated on October 18,2007, the Metro Walk - Richmond Transit Village is adjacent, north of the station is a BART rail yard. This station has identified as an important hub in the transportation network for metropolitan. Around that same time the Southern Pacific Railroad opened a station just south of the current station at MacDonald Avenue, BART service at this station began along dedicated tracks that paralleled the SP line on January 29,1973. Amtrak service to the station started, using the SP lines tracks, a station house for the Amtrak service was constructed in 1984. A transit village and rebuild of the approach to the station was started in 2007. A transit store opened at the station in August 2008, joining other major stations in the system, the Coast Starlight no longer stops at Richmond as of January 14,2013. The station is served by two bus agencies, AC Transit provides a variety of local and regional service. Routes 70,71, 72M,74, and 76 provide local intra-city service and also feeder service into the BART, routes 376 and 800 both provide late night service. It is the route in the All Nighter regional Bay Area network. There is also a free Kaiser Shuttle service to the nearby Richmond Medical Center, of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak, Richmond was the 16th-busiest in FY2012, boarding or alighting an average of about 773 passengers daily. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Richmond Station Overview Capitol Corridor Richmond Station Page Amtrak Station Information Page Richmond --Great American Stations
13.
Dublin/Pleasanton station
–
Dublin/Pleasanton is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station on the border of Dublin and Pleasanton. The station is fed by twenty local and regional bus lines from five different providers, the station consists of an island platform located in the center median of Interstate 580. Parking lots for the station are located on both sides of the freeway and it is somewhat unusual in that trains travel down a long, somewhat rural stretch of Interstate 580 between Castro Valley and Dublin to get to the station. It is also notable in having transit service to the city of Modesto, local bus service is provided by WHEELS. Connection to ACEs Pleasanton station is available through WHEELS route 54, service at the station began on May 10,1997. It was originally intended to be called the East Dublin/Pleasanton station, however, the West Dublin/Pleasanton station did not actually open until 2011, and the East designator is not commonly used, station signage and route maps use the shorter name. An adjacent transit-oriented development on the Dublin side of the station finished initial construction in 2006, the development includes housing, retail, and a BART parking garage. Tri-Delta transit previously offered connections to Antioch from this station, however, altamont Corridor Express, a diesel commuter rail service that runs between Stockton and San Jose, has a station in Pleasanton with bus service to both Pleasanton BART stations. There have been proposals for a connection between ACE and BART by extending BART from Pleasanton to nearby Livermore. The Iron Horse Regional Trail connects to both the north and south sides of the station, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Hacienda Business Park, an adjacent transit-oriented business district. Media related to Dublin / Pleasanton BART station at Wikimedia Commons BART. gov, official Dublin/Pleasanton Station website PleasantonCommons. com, Pleasanton Bart Station
14.
San Francisco International Airport station
–
The station is located on level 3 of the International Terminal, next to Parking Garage G. There are two entrances and exits – one on level 3, adjacent to the grand foyer off the side of the International Terminal. The station is a terminus station, trains enter from an elevated wye from the west side of Highway 101. There are three tracks and corresponding bay platforms, BART traffic to and from SFO has not been as high as originally anticipated, so only two of the three tracks are currently used in regular service, with the third sometimes being used for storage. Service at this station began on June 22,2003, originally, there was a purple line for a shuttle service connecting SFO directly to Millbrae from 2003 to 2008. The shuttle trains usually had 5 cars and ran every 20 minutes, on January 1,2008, BART eliminated direct service between the SFO station and Millbrae. Today, passengers traveling between SFO and Millbrae have to make a transfer at San Bruno station. As of September 2012, direct service between the SFO station and Millbrae is active after 8pm on weekdays, and all day on weekends, passengers traveling between SFO and Millbrae still need to make a timed transfer at San Bruno during all other operating hours. When it first opened, ridership was 50% below the projected 6,500 passenger exits per day, during its first decade of service, ridership remained well below initial projections, but has nearly doubled between 2003 and 2015. Ridership reached a record of 6,788 average weekday exits during the year ending June 30,2016. In 2013, BART celebrated ten years of service to SFO and 30 million trips delivered
15.
Pittsburg/Bay Point station
–
Pittsburg/Bay Point is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Pittsburg, California, United States, adjacent to the community of Bay Point. The station opened on December 7,1996, it is in BART District 2 and is represented by Joel Keller, in May 2008, a Library-a-Go-Go machine was added at this station, it is a vending machine that offers library books from the Contra Costa County Library system. This was BARTs first book vending machine and the first on any system in the country. The under-construction eBART extension – scheduled to begin running in 2018 – is a DMU line starting at Pittsburg / Bay Point to serve eastern Contra Costa County communities, the station is being expanded to include an additional platform beyond the existing one to provide an interchange to this service. The eBART platfrom will have no access, so passengers will have to ride a mainline BART train between the two platforms. The eBART line will go from Pittsburg / Bay Point to Antioch. There is also an infill station in Pittsburg, as well as proposals to extend the line further east to Oakley, Brentwood. A child was born in the parking lot on November 26,2012. On March 16,2016, a power surge on the tracks between North Concord/Martinez and Pittsburg/Bay Point stations caused several cars to be taken out of service. BART halted regular service to Pittsburg/Bay Point that day, and replaced the service with a bus shuttle, limited service to Pittsburg/Bay Point resumed on March 21 and full service returned on April 2
16.
Warm Springs/South Fremont station
–
Warm Springs / South Fremont is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Fremont, California. Service began on March 25,2017, during peak hours, weekdays before 6,00 p. m. this station has four trains per hour on the San Francisco and Daly City line. In comparison, the neighboring Fremont station has eight trains per hour running on the Daly City, during off-peak hours, both stations are served by the Richmond line with three trains per hour. The reason for only having one of the lines serve this station at any time is a shortage of available train cars. Originally targeted for 2014, the start of service was delayed repeatedly, service terminates at this station pending completion of the Milpitas and Berryessa stations. The station has a platform, overhead concourse, connections to AC Transit,2,082 parking spaces on 34 acres at ground level, bicycle lockers. AC Transit buses, not VTA buses, serve this station, planning for the Warm Springs extension began as early as 1994, and BART estimated it would cost $550 million with 7,800 daily riders by 2010. A1994 study by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission forecast 3,200 daily riders in 2010, as of 2010, construction was underway with an estimated cost of $890 million, but the final cost was reduced to $790 million. The cost of the subway segment under the lake in Fremont was reduced by 45% from the estimate of $249 million to $136 million. Service began on on March 25,2017, the extension broke ground in 2009. Construction of the began in 2011, and was expected to take three and a half years. However, the opening was pushed back from the original 2014, to fall 2015, to early 2016, to spring 2016, to summer 2016, to fall 2016, to late fall 2016, to winter 2017, and to spring 2017. The schedule for opening was withdrawn, because it was hard to predict, the yet-to-open station was fully staffed six months in advance of the opening, due to a union contract. The station was expected to open as an October surprise, an event for the November 8 vote on a BART bond measure. In 2011 the city of Fremont approved $90,000 to lobby against construction of a Union Pacific rail yard adjacent to the station, a pedestrian and bicycle bridge to the west side of the station is planned for completion in 2018
17.
Mission Street
–
Mission Street is a north-south arterial thoroughfare in Daly City and San Francisco, California that runs from Daly Citys southern border to San Franciscos northeast waterfront. The street and San Franciscos Mission District through which it runs were named for the Spanish Mission Dolores, only the southern half is historically part of El Camino Real, which connected the missions. Part of Mission Street in Daly City is signed as part of State Route 82, from the south, Mission Street begins as a continuation of SR 82/El Camino Real at the Colma-Daly City border, just south of San Pedro Road. Mission Street then runs north to the Top of the Hill district, where SR82 splits as San Jose Avenue to the northeast and it then crosses the San Francisco city limits mid-block between Templeton Avenue in Daly City and Huron Avenue in San Francisco. Near Van Ness Avenue, the road turns northeast again and travels through Mid-Market, regis Museum Tower,555 Mission Street, Millennium Tower,535 Mission Street,350 Mission Street, and the Salesforce Tower
18.
Mission District, San Francisco
–
This mission, San Franciscos oldest standing building, is located in the northwest area of the neighborhood. The Mission District is located in east-central San Francisco and it is bordered to the east by U. S. Route 101, which forms the boundary between the eastern portion of the district, known as Inner Mission, and its eastern neighbor, Potrero Hill. Sanchez Street separates the neighborhood from Eureka Valley to the north west, the part of the neighborhood from Valencia Street to Sanchez Street, north of 20th Street, is known as the Mission Dolores neighborhood. South of 20th Street towards 22nd Street, and between Valencia and Dolores Streets is a neighborhood known as Liberty Hill. Cesar Chavez Street is the border, across Cesar Chavez Street is the Bernal Heights neighborhood. North of the Mission District is the South of Market neighborhood, bordered roughly by Duboce Avenue, the principal thoroughfare of the Mission District is Mission Street. South of the Mission District, along Mission Street, are the Excelsior and Crocker-Amazon neighborhoods, the Mission District is part of San Franciscos supervisorial districts 6,9 and 10. The Mission is often warmer and sunnier than other parts of San Francisco, the Missions geographical location insulates it from the fog and wind from the west. The Mission includes four recognized sub-districts, the northeastern quadrant, adjacent to Potrero Hill is known as a center for high tech startup businesses including some chic bars and restaurants. The northwest quadrant along Dolores Street is famous for Victorian mansions, prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries, the area which now includes the Mission District was inhabited by the Ohlone people who populated much of the San Francisco bay area. The Yelamu Indians inhabited the region for over 2,000 years, Spanish missionaries arrived in the area during the late 18th century. They found these people living in two villages on Mission Creek and it was here that a Spanish priest named Father Francisco Palóu founded Mission San Francisco de Asis on June 29,1776. The Mission was moved from the shore of Laguna Dolores to its current location in 1783, franciscan friars are reported to have used Ohlone slave labor to complete the Mission in 1791. This period marked the beginning of the end of the Yelamu culture, the Indian population at Mission Dolores dropped from 400 to 50 between 1833 and 1841. The lands around the abandoned mission church became a focal point of raffish attractions including bull and bear fighting, horse racing, baseball. A famous beer parlor resort known as The Willows was located along Mission Creek just south of 18th Street between Mission Street and San Carlos Street. From 1865 to 1891, a conservatory and zoo known as Woodwards Gardens covered two city blocks bounded by Mission Street, Valencia Street, 13th Street, and 15th Street. During Californias early statehood period, in the 19th and 20th century, large numbers of Irish, development and settlement intensified after the 1906 earthquake, as many displaced businesses and residents moved into the area, making Mission Street a major commercial thoroughfare
19.
San Francisco
–
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
20.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
21.
Local government
–
Local government is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state. Local governments generally act within powers delegated to them by legislation or directives of the level of government. The question of autonomy is a key question of public administration. The institutions of government vary greatly between countries, and even where similar arrangements exist, the terminology often varies. Local government traditionally had limited power in Egypts highly centralized state, under the central government were twenty-six governorates. These were subdivided into districts and villages or towns, at each level, there was a governing structure that combined representative councils and government-appointed executive organs headed by governors, district officers, and mayors, respectively. Governors were appointed by the president, and they, in turn, the coercive backbone of the state apparatus ran downward from the Ministry of Interior through the governors executive organs to the district police station and the village headman. The extension of officials into the countryside permitted the regime to bring development, State penetration did not retreat under Sadat and Mubarak. The earlier effort to mobilize peasants and deliver services disappeared as the party and cooperative withered. The local power of the old families and the headmen revived, the district police station balanced the notables, and the system of local government integrated them into the regime. Sadat took several measures to decentralize power to the provinces and towns, governors acquired more authority under Law Number 43 of 1979, which reduced the administrative and budgetary controls of the central government over the provinces. The elected councils acquired, at least formally, the right to approve or disapprove the local budget, in an effort to reduce local demands on the central treasury, local government was given wider powers to raise local taxes. But local representative councils became vehicles of pressure for government spending, under Mubarak decentralization and local autonomy became more of a reality, and local policies often reflected special local conditions. Thus, officials in Upper Egypt often bowed to the powerful Islamic movement there, in recent years, Mali has undertaken an ambitious decentralization program, which involves the capital district of Bamako, seven regions subdivided into 46 cercles, and 682 rural community districts. The state retains a role in administrative and fiscal matters, and it provides technical support, coordination. Opportunities for direct participation, and increased local responsibility for development have been improved. In August–September 1998, elections were held for urban council members, in May/June 1999, citizens of the communes elected their communal council members for the first time. Female voter turnout was about 70% of the total, and observers considered the process open, eventually, the cercles will be reinstituted with a legal and financial basis of their own
22.
Performance art
–
Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated. The performance can be live or via media, the performer can be present or absent and it can be any situation that involves four basic elements, time, space, the performers body, or presence in a medium, and a relationship between performer and audience. Performance art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue or setting, the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work. Performance art is a contested concept, any single definition of it implies the recognition of rival uses. As concepts like democracy or art, it implies productive disagreement with itself, the meaning of the term in the narrower sense is related to postmodernist traditions in Western culture. The ideal had been an ephemeral and authentic experience for performer, the widely discussed difference, how concepts of visual arts and concepts of performing arts are utilized, can determine the meanings of a performance art presentation. It therefore can include action or spoken word as a communication between the artist and audience, or even ignore expectations of an audience, rather than following a script written beforehand, some kinds of performance art nevertheless can be close to performing arts. Performance artists often challenge the audience to think in new and unconventional ways, break conventions of traditional arts, and break down conventional ideas about what art is. Some artists, e. g. the Viennese Actionists and neo-Dadaists, prefer to use the terms live art, action art, actions, as genres of performance art appear body art, fluxus-performance, happening, action poetry, and intermedia. Performance art activity is not confined to European or American art traditions, notable practitioners can be found in Asia, Performance artists and theorists point to different traditions and histories, ranging from tribal to sporting and ritual or religious events. There are also accounts of Renaissance artists such as itinerant poets putting on performances that could be said to be ancestors of performance art. Western cultural theorists often trace performance art activity back to the beginning of the 20th century, to the Russian constructivists, Futurists, Dada provided a significant progenitor with the unconventional performances of poetry, often at the Cabaret Voltaire, by the likes of Richard Huelsenbeck and Tristan Tzara. Russian Futurist artists could be identified as precursors of performance, such as David Burliuk, abstract expressionism and Action painting preceded the Fluxus movement, Happenings and the emergence of Performance Art. Performance art was anticipated, if not explicitly formulated, by Japans Gutai group of the 1950s, in the late 1960s Earth artists as diverse as Robert Smithson, Dennis Oppenheim, Michael Heizer and Carl Andre created environmental pieces that predict the performance art of the 1970s. Works of conceptual artists in the early 1980s, like Sol LeWitt, who converted mural-style drawing into an act of performance by others, were influenced by Yves Klein and the Earth artists as well. In the 1960s a variety of new works, concepts and the number of artists led to new kinds of performance art. Kaprow had coined the term Happening describing a new artform, at the beginning of the 1960s, a Happening allows the artist to experiment with body motion, recorded sounds, written and spoken texts, and even smells
23.
Rapid transit
–
Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
24.
Automated guideway transit
–
Automated guideway transit is a fully automated, driverless, grade-separated transit system in which vehicles are automatically guided along a guideway. The vehicles are often rubber tired, but other systems including steel wheels, air cushion, the guideway normally provides both physical support, like a road, as well as the guidance. In the case of systems, the two are often the same in the same way that a rail line provides both support and guidance for a train. For systems with multiple routes, most AGT systems use smaller wheels riding on the guideway to steer the vehicle using conventional steering arrangements like those on a car. AGT covers a variety of systems, from limited people mover systems, like those commonly found at airports. In the people mover role the term automated people mover is sometimes used, between the two are larger vehicles sized for around 20 passengers, sometimes known as group rapid transit, which blend features of the PRTs and larger systems. Subways were too expensive to install in areas of lower density - smaller cities or the suburbs of larger ones - which often suffer the same problems as larger cities. Buses could be introduced in these areas, but did not offer the capacities or speeds that made them an attractive alternative to car ownership. Cars drive directly from origin to destination, while buses generally work on a model that can up to double trip length. Stops along the route increase this even more, AGT offered a solution that fit between these extremes. Much of the cost of a system is due to the large vehicle sizes. The large vehicles are a side-effect of the need to have space between the vehicles, known as headway, for safety reasons due to the limited sightlines in tunnels. Given large headways and limited speed due to stops, the only way to increase passenger capacity is to increase the size of the vehicle. Headway can be reduced via automation, a technique that was becoming feasible in the 1960s, everything from track supports to station size can be reduced, with similar reductions in capital costs. Additionally, the vehicles allow for a wider variety of suspension methods, from conventional steel wheels, to rubber tires, air cushion vehicles. Since the system has to be automated in order to reduce the headways enough to be worthwhile, one key problem in an automated system is the negotiation of turns in the right-of-way - the steering system. The simplest solution is to use a rigid guideway, like conventional rails or steel rollercoasters, for lighter AGTs, these solutions were over-specified given the size of the vehicle, so the guideway was often separate from the running surface. A suspension-like system is needed to out the imperfections in the guideway
25.
Oakland, California
–
Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. The city was incorporated in 1852, Oaklands territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the citys population, increasing its housing stock and it continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry. Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources, in addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun Indians, who lived there for thousands of years, the Huchiun belonged to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone. In Oakland, they were concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, in 1772, the area that later became Oakland was claimed, with the rest of California, by Spanish settlers for the King of Spain. In the early 19th century, the Spanish crown granted the East Bay area to Luis María Peralta for his Rancho San Antonio, the grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons, Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. The portion of the parcel that is now Oakland was called encinal—Spanish for oak grove—due to the oak forest that covered the area. In 1851, three men—Horace Carpentier, Edson Adams, and Andrew Moon—began developing what is now downtown Oakland, on May 4,1852, the Town of Oakland incorporated. Two years later, on March 25,1854, Oakland re-incorporated as the City of Oakland, with Horace Carpentier elected the first mayor, the city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, a number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland during the latter half of the 19th century. The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, at the time of incorporation, Oakland consisted of the territory that lay south of todays major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway, and Fourteenth Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and the north, Oaklands rise to industrial prominence, and its subsequent need for a seaport, led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902. This resulted in the town of Alameda being made an island
26.
19th Street Oakland station
–
19th Street Oakland is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit station located at 19th Street and Broadway in Downtown Oakland. It is an official transfer station along the BART system. This station is identifiable by the brickwork on the interior. At all times during the day, there are timed cross-platform transfers between the lines, SFO/Millbrae-Pittsburg/Bay Point and Fremont-Richmond. There are no timed transfers between lines, because of only one southbound track. A portion of Will Smiths film The Pursuit of Happyness was filmed at this station, along with 12th Street Station the station serves as an essential feeder of commuters to the job center that is downtown Oakland. A temporary attraction, the Uptown Art Park sculpture garden, opened in 2013 and this station will very likely see more interior retail development due to BARTs ongoing relationship with master planner TransMart, publicly announced January 2011. As of January 2011, the station has interior double-decker bike racks at the gate level. A station canopy was added to the 20th Street and Broadway entrance in March 2015, the structure was part of a $2 million pilot project to test the feasibility of installing canopies at other BART stations. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART – 19th St. Oakland Station Overview
27.
Oakland Coliseum station
–
They are located in Oakland, California, United States, and are connected to each other, and to the Oakland Coliseum and the Oracle Arena by pedestrian bridges. BART and Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority, Capitol Corridors administration agency, in addition to the Coliseum–Oakland International Airport AGT line, AC Transit bus routes 73 and 805 also provide service between the BART station and Oakland International Airport. BARTs Coliseum station consists of an island platform with the concourse mezzanine at ground level. The BART to OAK Airport station has a track and side platform. Capitol Corridors Oakland Coliseum station, the newest Capitol Corridor station and it is unstaffed, but has an electronic ticketing system. In 2002, CCJPA, in conjunction with Caltrans and the City of Oakland, in October 2009, Oakland City Council voted its approval for a 3. 2-mile extension of BART to Oakland International Airport. Preliminary construction began in late 2010, the service began on November 22,2014, fares for the BART to OAK Airport service are $6. Of the 44 BART stations open at the time, Coliseum station was the 16th-busiest in FY2014, Oakland Coliseum served an average of approximately 157 Amtrak passengers daily in 2015
28.
Fruitvale station
–
Fruitvale is a metro station of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system located in the Fruitvale District of Oakland, California, United States. The station consists of two elevated side platforms with the mezzanine at ground level. The redevelopment of the station area from a parking lot to a mixed-use transit village has served as a model for transit-oriented development planning elsewhere in the Bay Area. Service at this station began on September 11,1972, on January 1,2009, BART police officer Johannes Mehserle shot and killed Oscar Grant III at the Fruitvale BART station. PST, BART Police were responding to reports of a fight on a BART train inbound from San Francisco, Grant was face down on the platform, but Mehserle later said that he couldnt get Grants arms and feared that he was reaching inside his waistband. Mehserle drew his weapon and shot him in the back. Grant died seven hours later at Highland Hospital, video recorded by other riders at the scene were later aired on local television. In 2013 a movie was made about this incident, filmed on location, List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations List of United States bike stations BART - Fruitvale Station Overview
29.
Lake Merritt station
–
The Lake Merritt Bay Area Rapid Transit station is located in Downtown Oakland on Madison Street near Chinatown, Laney College, The Oakland Museum of California, and the iconic Lake Merritt. This station consists of an island platform, service at this station began on September 11,1972.75 miles away. A relatively careful dismantling of the headquarters building was completed in 2010. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Lake Merritt Station Overview
30.
MacArthur station (BART)
–
MacArthur is a rapid transit station of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system in Oakland, California, United States. It is the largest station in the BART system, being the one with four platform tracks in regular use. Service through MacArthur is timed for cross-platform transfers between the lines that pass through the station. MacArthur station is in North Oakland, in the median of Route 24 just north of its interchange with I-580, the surrounding area is mostly low-density residential, making MacArthur station a commuting hub. The current plan calls for 624 residential units as well as 42,500 square feet of retail space, the redevelopment is supported by the Bay Area Rapid Transit District board member, Lynette Sweet. Connecting AC Transit transit lines at this station include Line 31 to Alameda Point and 57 to Foothill Square, MacArthur station opened on September 11,1972, as the northern terminus of the inaugural BART line, which ran to Fremont. Upon the opening of the Transbay Tube, the station began to serve Cross-Bay trains to San Francisco, MacArthur station was built with cross-platform interchanges in mind. There are two platforms and four tracks. Platforms 3 and 4 serve the Pittsburg/Bay Point-SFO/Millbrae line, Platform 3 goes Northbound toward Pittsburg/Bay Point, connections between the lines are timed for Southbound passengers between Platforms 2 and 4. This is not the case for Northbound passengers, as a transfer point already exists further south at 19th Street Station. MacArthur tends to be crowded in the due to high transfer volume between two lines where only a few people get off while many are trying to board. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Official BART station page
31.
Oakland International Airport station
–
Oakland International Airport station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station on the Coliseum–Oakland International Airport line in Oakland, California, United States. This station is on the systems Automated Guideway Transit spur line, the station opened for public service on November 22,2014. The vehicles also run every 20 minutes from 11 PM to 12 AM every day, upon opening, the Coliseum–Oakland International Airport line replaced the AirBART shuttle bus service. Unlike AirBART, the Oakland Airport Connector system is integrated into the BART fare system. Ticketing machines and faregates for this line are at Coliseum Station, BART - Oakland Intl Airport Station Overview
32.
Oakland International Airport
–
Oakland International Airport is an international airport in Oakland, California, United States. It is located approximately 10 miles south of Downtown and it is owned by the Port of Oakland. The airport has service to cities in the United States, Mexico. Cargo flights fly to cities in the United States, Canada, Oakland is a focus city for Southwest Airlines and Allegiant Air. As of August 2015 Southwest has 120 daily departures on peak-travel days of the week, Alaska Airlines combined with sister-carrier Horizon Air has been the second-busiest carrier at the airport through 2013. In January 2014, Delta overtook Alaska as the airports No.2 carrier, the top five airlines by passenger count between October 2014 – September 2015 were Southwest Airlines, Alaska Airlines, Spirit Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, JetBlue Airways. Between October 2014 and September 2015,10,947,066 people traveled through OAK, in 2009, OAK had the highest on-time arrival percentage among the 40 busiest North American airports. The city of Oakland looked into the construction of an airport starting in 1925, in 1927 the announcement of the Dole prize for a flight from California to Hawaii provided the incentive to purchase 680 acres in April 1927 for the airport. The 7, 020-foot-long runway was the longest in the world at the time, the airport was dedicated by Charles Lindbergh September 17. Earhart departed from this airport when she made her final, ill-fated voyage, Boeing Air Transport began scheduled flights to Oakland in December 1927. It was joined by Trans World Airlines in 1932, in 1929, Boeing opened the Boeing School of Aeronautics on the field, which expanded rapidly in 1939 as part of the Civilian Pilot Training Program. Thousands of pilots and mechanics were trained before the facility was changed into the United Air Lines training center in 1945, armed Forces temporarily took over Oakland Airport and opened Naval Air Station Oakland. It was transformed into a base for military flights to the Pacific islands. After the war, airlines slowly returned to Oakland, Western Airlines began flights in 1946, and was followed by American Airlines, TWA, United, Transocean Airlines and Pacific Southwest Airlines. The airports first Jet Age airline terminal was designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and opened in 1962, part of a $20 million expansion on bay fill that included the 10, 000-foot runway 11/29. The May 1963 OAG showed 15 airline flights arriving in Oakland each day, including nine from San Francisco, in June 1963, TWA flew Oaklands first scheduled jet, by the late 1960s, World Airways had broken ground on the World Airways Maintenance Center at Oakland International Airport. The maintenance hangar could store four Boeing 747s, after the war Oaklands traffic slumped, but airline deregulation prompted several low-fare carriers to begin flights. This increase prompted the airport to build a $16.3 million second terminal, in 1987 an Air France Concorde visited Oakland to provide supersonic two-hour flights to the Pacific halfway to Hawaii and back to Oakland
33.
Rockridge station
–
Rockridge is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located in the Rockridge District of Oakland, California. The station has a platform in the center median of State Route 24 at College Avenue west of the Caldecott Tunnel. Service at this station began on May 21,1973, following the completion of the Berkeley Hills Tunnel and this station is in BART District 3 and is represented by Bob Franklin. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Rockridge Station overview
34.
West Oakland station
–
West Oakland is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station serving the West Oakland neighborhood in Oakland, California, Untied States. It has two elevated platforms, and is located near the eastern end of the Transbay Tube. All lines except the Richmond-Fremont line stop at this station and this station was called Oakland West until 1982, it opened in September 1974 with the commencement of service through the Transbay Tube. Since early 2014, parking commuters at this station pay $6 per day on the weekdays, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Media related to West Oakland BART station at Wikimedia Commons BART – West Oakland Station Overview
35.
Alameda County, California
–
Alameda County is a county in the state of California in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,510,271, Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region. The county was formed on March 25,1853, from a portion of Contra Costa County. The Spanish word alameda means a place where trees grow. The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early explorers of a road lined with trees, the county seat at the time it was formed was located at Alvarado, now part of Union City. In 1856 it was moved to San Leandro, where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault, the county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872-1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland, which has been the county seat since 1873, much of what is now considered an intensively urban region, with major cities, was developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The annual county fair is held at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, the fair runs for three weekends from June to July. Attractions include horse racing, carnival rides, 4-H exhibits, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 821 square miles, of which 739 square miles is land and 82 square miles is water. The San Francisco Bay borders the county on the west, the crest of the Berkeley Hills form part of the northeastern boundary, and reach into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay, and is Oaklands most populous region, Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county. Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge A2014 analysis found Alameda County to be the 4th most racially diverse county in the United States, the 2010 United States Census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density was 2,047.6 people per square mile, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons,16. 4% Mexican,0. 8% Puerto Rican,0. 2% Cuban,5. 1% Other Hispanic. 26. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31. In the county, the population was out with 24. 6% under the age of 18,9. 6% from 18 to 24,33. 9% from 25 to 44,21. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $55,946, and the median income for a family was $65,857. Males had an income of $47,425 versus $36,921 for females
36.
Ashby station (BART)
–
Ashby Station is a BART station, located beneath and parallel to Adeline Street, extending from Woolsey Street to Ashby Avenue in the southern part of Berkeley, California. It consists of an island platform. The station was planned to be elevated but the City of Berkeley paid the extra cost to have it built underground. Service at this station began on January 29,1973, the station includes park-and-ride facilities with 715 automobile parking spaces in two separate parking lots,24 motorcycle spaces,36 bike lockers, and bike rack spaces. Access mode shares were, 40% pedestrian, 38% automobile, 9% automobile, 8% bicycle, unique in the BART system, the City of Berkeley, rather than BART, controls the air rights on the parking lots. The west parking lot of the hosts a popular flea market on weekends. Between 2008 and 2010, a portion of the east parking lot was redeveloped as the Ed Roberts Campus, the Ed Roberts Campus is a regional center housing disability-related organizations in one large integrated resource center with a scope for the entire Bay Area. The east parking lot and station entrance were closed for construction on August 18,2008, the east parking lot reopened on April 19,2010, and the east entrance was open again before March 30,2013. There is additional public transit in the free West Berkeley Shuttle that connects the flatlands with the BART station, alta Bates Hospital also provides a free shuttle between the station and its Berkeley campus, which is within walking distance. That is next to the Pacific Center for Human Growth an LGBT community center, furthermore, attractions in the immediate vicinity include a Berkeley Bowl Grocery Store and The Berkeley Public Tool Lending Library. Restaurants and small businesses line the Shattuck Avenue corridor and a market is hosted on the south parking lot weekly. The Shotgun Players theater is across the street and La Peña Cultural Center is 2 blocks up the hill, below is data for average weekday entries and exits between the Ashby BART and other BART stations as of January 2017. The transit time and one-way trip cost is based on BARTs fares and schedules booklet, last updated in February 2016, a few notes for interpretation, Ashby BART primarily serves residents. Regular commuters therefore mainly depart from here in the morning and return in the evening, the exceptions are mostly people who work in downtown Berkeley but happen to find Ashby more convenient. The following kinds of stations will have higher counts, nearby stations, stations in downtowns, stations with transfers, end-of-line stations. Some daily commuters dont enter and exit at the same station, for instance, commuters from Ashby who work in downtown San Francisco exit at an earlier station in the morning and enter at a station farther south when returning. This is to get on a crowded train. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Black Repertory Theatre Judah L. Magnes Museum La Peña Cultural Center Shotgun Players BART - Ashby Station Overview Ed Roberts Campus
37.
Bay Fair station
–
Bay Fair is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located near the Bayfair Center in San Leandro, California. The station is in BART District 3 and is represented by Bob Franklin, service at this station began on September 11,1972. The elevated island platform became a station after the BART system was extended to Dublin/Pleasanton. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Bay Fair Station Overview
38.
Downtown Berkeley station
–
Downtown Berkeley is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located in Berkeley, California, United States, one of three stations in Berkeley along with Ashby and North Berkeley. It is the second-busiest BART station in the East Bay and the overall, with 13,748 exits each weekday, first being 12th St. Oakland City Center. Located at the intersection of Shattuck Avenue and Allston Way, Downtown Berkeley station is situated near the center of the City of Berkeley and it is the primary station for those travelling to and from the University of California, Berkeley, which is one block to the east. Because this station is underground, there is poor cell service unless underneath the center of the station, cell boosters have not been rolled out in the Berkeley Subway creating a dead zone from Ashby to north Berkeley. The station was designed by Maher & Martens of San Francisco in collaboration with Parsons Brinckerhoff, Tudor Construction, in the mid-1990s, BART changed the name of the station from simply Berkeley to Downtown Berkeley in an effort to minimize confusion between this station and North Berkeley. The station is often referred to as Berkeley in train announcements. The station has been the site of many BART Alert protests in response to occurrences on the political scene, a station and plaza renovation project began construction on August 29,2016. The project scope includes new lighting, landscaping, drainage, paving, the main rotunda entrance will be replaced by a glass entrance structure similar to those found in downtown Oakland. The $11.2 million project is funded primarily by BART, with funding from the City of Berkeley, Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Work is expected to conclude in winter 2017, a further project to renovate the underground station interior is in the planning stages. Like most underground BART stations, Downtown Berkeley has two levels, a mezzanine containing the faregates and a platform with two tracks. The escalators at the latter are topped by a rotunda that covers passengers entering and leaving the station from inclement weather. There is also a bike parking facility outside the station at street level and is operated by Alameda Bicycle. It used to be placed at the top of a stairway from the mezzanine level to the platform below. The stairs were built so that an additional entrance could be opened if needed in the future, entrance windows featured artwork of the UCB Botanical Garden. Below is data for average weekday entries and exits between the Ashby BART and other BART stations as of January 2017, the transit time and one-way trip cost is based on BARTs fares and schedules booklet, last updated in February 2016, and valid as of January 2017. A few notes for interpretation, Downtown Berkeley serves commuters in both directions, it serves people who commute to downtown Berkeley every day for work or study, most of these commuters come from nearby areas in Oakland, Berkeley, El Cerrito, and Richmond. It also caters to a residential population that works in San Francisco or Oakland
39.
Fremont station (BART)
–
Fremont is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station that serves Fremont, California. The station was the terminus of the Richmond-Fremont and Fremont-Daly City lines until March 25,2017 and this station has full service at all times, while the neighboring Warm Springs/South Fremont station will have half the service. Parking is in demand, and lots at most stations are full during peak hours. Service at this station began on September 11,1972, when the Automatic Train Control system had safety problems with its design and operation. On October 2,1972, an ATC failure caused the “Fremont Flyer” to run off the end of the track at the Fremont station. The incident drew national and international attention, followed a month later by release of the Post Report on BART safety by the legislative analyst for the California State Senate. The “Fremont Flyer” train crash led to a redesign of the automatic train control system, the firing of the general manager. Fremont station is a hub for AC Transit and Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority buses. Local buses, mainly within Fremont, and routes to the north Bay Fair BART, one All-Nighter route to 14th & Broadway in downtown Oakland with a timed transfer at to from Civic Center/UN Plaza station and to Richmond Station. VTA, has express and commuter buses serving San Jose, Milpitas, VTA will discontinue service at this station, upon the opening of the Milpitas and Berryessa stations. The Stanford Marguerite Shuttles AE-F and East Bay Express lines serve Fremont BART as their terminal station, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Fremont Station Overview The station address on Google Maps Map of overflow parking lot for Fremont BART
40.
Hayward station (BART)
–
Hayward station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station that serves Downtown Hayward of Hayward, California, United States. It is across the street from Hayward City Hall, the station consists of two side platforms and a free five-level parking garage. Service at the station began on September 11,1972, in May 2008, an electrical fire caused service to this station to be temporarily disrupted as well as service to the Union City BART and Fremont stations. The fire started at the maintenance yard near the Hayward station. On October 30,2010, a man in a wheelchair fell onto the tracks and was hit by a train, Hayward BART is served by several local AC Transit routes, including the Transbay Route M, which provides service to San Mateo County via the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. Shuttles going to California State University, East Bay provide service to the station, a Greyhound Lines bus stop is at the station. SamTrans served the station until 1999 and this station is in BART District 3 and is represented by Bob Franklin
AC Transit: 800
Media related to 16th Street Mission station at Wikimedia Commons
