1.
1797
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As of the start of 1797, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers. January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as the official flag, January 26 – The Treaty of the Third Partition of Poland is signed in St. Petersburg by the Russian Empire, Austria and the Kingdom of Prussia. February 2 – Siege of Mantua, Field marshal Dagobert von Wurmser capitulates the fortress city to the French, only 16,000 men of the garrison are capable of marching out as prisoners of war. February 3 – Battle of Faenza, A French corps under General Claude Victor-Perrin defeats the forces from the Papal States at Castel Bolognese near Faenza, Italy. February 12 – First performance of Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, with the music composed in January by Joseph Haydn which also becomes the tune to the Deutschlandlied, the German national anthem. February 14 – The Battle of Cape St Vincent, part of the French Revolutionary Wars, The British Royal Navy under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats a larger Spanish fleet off Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. February 18 – Spanish Governor José María Chacón peacefully surrenders the colony of Trinidad to a British naval force commanded by Sir Ralph Abercromby, february 19 – Treaty of Tolentino, Pope Pius VI signs a peace treaty with Revolutionary France. He is forced to deliver works of art, treasures, territory, february 22 – The last invasion of Britain begins, French forces under the command of American Colonel William Tate land near Fishguard in Wales. February 25 – William Tate surrenders to the British at Fishguard, february 26 – The Bank of England issues the first one-pound and two-pound notes. March 4 – Inauguration of John Adams, John Adams is sworn in as the second President of the United States, march 5 – Protestant missionaries from the London Missionary Society land in Tahiti from the Duff. March 16 – Battle of Valvasone, The Austrian army led by Archduke Charles fights a rearguard action at the crossing of the Tagliamento river but is defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte at Valvasone, april 16 – Spithead and Nore mutinies in the British Royal Navy. April 17 – Veronese Easter, Citizens of Verona, Italy, april 18 – Armistice of Leoben, On behalf of the French Republic a delegation under Napoleon Bonaparte signs a peace treaty with the Holy Roman Empire at Leoben. May 10 – The first ship of the United States Navy, may 12 – War of the First Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte conquers Venice, ending the city and Republic of Venices 1,100 years of independence. The last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, steps down, the Venetian Ghetto is thrown open. May 30 – William Wilberforce marries Barbara Ann Spooner, june 29 – Napoleon Bonaparte creates in a decree the birth of the Cisalpine Republic. He appoints ministers and establishes the first constitution, july 24 – Horatio Nelson is wounded at the Battle of Santa Cruz, losing an arm. August 29 – Massacre of Tranent, British troops attack protestors against enforced recruitment into the militia at Tranent in Scotland, october – The XYZ Affair inflames tensions between France and the United States
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1795 in the United States
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Events from the year 1795 in the United States. January 29 – The Naturalization Act of 1795 replaces and repeals the Naturalization Act of 1790, february 7 – The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed. May 1 – Battle of Nuuanu, Kamehameha I of the Island of Hawaii defeats the Oahuans, solidifying his control of the islands of the archipelago. June 8 – George Washington submits the Jay Treaty to the United States Senate for ratification, august 2 – The Treaty of Greenville is signed between the Western Confederacy and the United States, ending the Northwest Indian War. October 27 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, Northwest Indian War Slavery April 17 – George Edmund Badger, United States Senator from North Carolina from 1846 to 1855. June 2 – William S. Fulton, United States Senator from Arkansas from 1836 till 1844, august 31 – William Lee D. Ewing, United States Senator from Illinois in 1834. September 22 – Jesse Speight, United States Senator from Mississippi from 1845 till 1847, november 2 – James K. Polk, 11th President of the United States from 1845 till 1849. December 1 – James Whitcomb, United States Senator from Indiana from 1849 till 1852, Spain and the United States in 1795. The American Historical Review, Vol.4, No, documents on the Blount Conspiracy, 1795-1797. The American Historical Review, Vol.10, No, Edmund Randolph on the British Treaty,1795. The American Historical Review, Vol.12, No, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol.10, No. Harry Innes and the Spanish Intrigue, 1794-1795, the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol.15, No. The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.3, elihu Hubbard Smith and the New York Friendly Club, 1795-1798. Postscript to the Jay Treaty, Timothy Pickering and Anglo-American Relations, the William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.23, No. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.91, the Virginia Amendments of 1795, An Episode in the Opposition to Jays Treaty. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.75, forward Wheat for New England, The Correspondence of John Taylor of Caroline with Jeremiah Wadsworth, in 1795. Edwin R. Baldridge Jr. Talleyrands visit to Pennsylvania, 1794-1796, the Republican Harmony of Nathaniel Billings. Journal of Research in Music Education, Vol.18, No, emerging Republicanism and the Standing Order, The Appropriation Act Controversy in Connecticut,1793 to 1795
4.
1796 in the United States
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Events from the year 1796 in the United States. S. July 11 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under the terms of the Jay Treaty July 14 – The de Portolá Expedition sets out from San Diego to find the Port of Monterey. July 22 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio Cleveland after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, august 31 – John McKinly, the first President of Delaware, dies in Wilmington, Delaware. September 17 – U. S. President George Washington issues his Farewell Address, november 2 – John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson in the U. S. presidential election. November 4 – The Treaty of Tripoli is signed at Tripoli, november 10 – The de Portolá Expedition returns from its terminus point to San Diego after failing to find Vizcaínos Port of Monterey. Electoral College meets to elect John Adams president, panic of 1796–1797 February 18 – John Bell, United States Senator from Tennessee from 1847 till 1859. April 10 – Thomas Fitzgerald, United States Senator from Michigan from 1848 till 1849, July 24 – John M. Clayton, United States Senator from Delaware from 1829 till 1836, from 1845 till 1849 and from 1853 till 1856. September 26 – Richard H. Bayard, United States Senator from Delaware from 1841 till 1845, proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol.19 Henry S. Parsons. William and Mary College in 1796, the William and Mary Quarterly, Second Series, Vol.15, No. Early Party Machinery in the United States, Pennsylvania in the Election of 1796, the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.60, No. The Westward Migration of a Planter Pioneer in 1796, the William and Mary Quarterly, Second Series, Vol.21, No. The Tennessee Constitution of 1796, A Product of the Old West, the Journal of Southern History, Vol.9, No. The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.3, amelia Simmons Fills a Need, American Cookery,1796. The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.14, washingtons Farewell, the French Alliance, and the Election of 1796. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol.43, No, the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.91, No. Edwin R. Baldridge Jr. Talleyrands visit to Pennsylvania, 1794-1796, the Significance of Thomas Pinckneys Candidacy in the Election of 1796. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol.76, No, an English Immigrant Views American Society, Benjamin Henry Latrobes Virginia Years, 1796-1798. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.85, advertisements For Runaway Slaves, Indentured Servants, and Apprentices in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1795–1796
5.
1798 in the United States
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Events from the year 1798 in the United States. February 17 – Federalist Congressman Roger Griswold of Connecticut attacks Vermont Representative Matthew Lyon with a stick in the chambers of the United States House of Representatives. March – The XYZ Affair begins, souring relations between the United States and France, april – U. S. House of Representatives elections begin in New York and continue into 1799. April 7 – The Mississippi Territory is organized from territory ceded by Georgia, july 7 Quasi-War, The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France, sparking the war. In the action of USS Delaware vs La Croyable, the newly formed United States Navy makes its first capture, july 9 – Quasi-War, The Act Further to Protect the Commerce of the United States is approved by Congress, authorizing the President to use military force against France. July 11 – The United States Marine Corps is established by Congress, july 14 – The Alien and Sedition Acts become United States law, making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government. July 16 – The Relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen Act is signed into law, creating the Marine Hospital Service, september – Charles Brockden Brown publishes the first significant American novel, the Gothic fiction Wieland, or, The Transformation, an American Tale. October 2 – The Treaty of Tellico is signed between the United States and the Cherokee Nation, november 16 – The Kentucky state legislature passes the first of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, authored by Thomas Jefferson. December 24 – The Virginia state legislature passes the second of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, eli Whitney contracts with the U. S. federal government for 10,000 rifles, which he produces with interchangeable parts. Quasi-War January 4 – William Crosby Dawson, United States Senator from Georgia from 1849 till 1855, January 5 – James Semple, United States Senator from Illinois from 1843 till 1847. January 18 – Augustus Seymour Porter, United States Senator from Michigan from 1840 till 1845, february 20 – Richard M. Young, United States Senator from Illinois from 1837 till 1843. Dallas, Second Lady of the United States December 3 – Alfred Iverson, organization of the Provisional Army of the United States in the Anticipated War with France, 1798-1800. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.38,2, pp. 129–132 Letters from William and Mary College, 1798–1801. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.29, proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Third Series, Vol.59. Guns for Charleston, A Case of Lend-Lease in 1798-1799, the Journal of Southern History, Vol.14, No. 3, pp. 401–408 Patricia Holbert Menk, D. M. Erskine, Letters from America, 1798-1799. The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.6, unofficial Ambassador, George Logans Mission to France,1798. William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.7, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol.11, No
6.
1799 in the United States
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Events from the year 1799 in the United States. S. and France. February 9 – Quasi-War, In the Action of 9 February 1799, March 1 – Federalist James Ross becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate. March 29 – New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery in the state, april 10 – Ellicotts Stone is placed by a U. S. -Spanish survey party headed by Andrew Ellicott. July 8 – The Russian-American Company is founded, December 3 – The Kentucky state legislature passes the second of its resolutions as part of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. Although the first of Kentuckys resolutions were authored by Thomas Jefferson, Carolina Gold Rush, 12-year-old Conrad John Reed finds what he describes as a heavy yellow rock along Little Meadow Creek in Cabarrus County, North Carolina and makes it a doorstop in his home. Conrads father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802, reconstruction of The Cabildo in New Orleans is completed. Quasi-War January 6 – Jedediah Smith, explorer, hunter, trapper and fur trader March 8 – Simon Cameron, journalist, editor, april 3 – John Pendleton King, United States Senator from Georgia from 1833 till 1837. April 12 – Samuel McRoberts, United States Senator from Illinois from 1841 till 1843, november 15 – James A. Bayard, Jr. United States Senator from Delaware from 1851 till 1864. November 29 – Amos Bronson Alcott, educator and writer December 27 – Walter T. Colquitt, june 6 – Patrick Henry, first & sixth Governor of Virginia from 1776 till 1779 and from 1784 till 1786. December 14 – George Washington, first President of the United States from 1789 till 1797, effects of Lightning on Several Persons in the House of Samuel Carey Esq. of Chelsea, August 2,1799. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol.3, organization of the Provisional Army of the United States in the Anticipated War with France, 1798-1800. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.38,2, pp. 129–132 Letters from William and Mary College, 1798–1801. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.29, the Forgotten Army, Recruiting for a National Emergency. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.56,3, pp. 267–279 George W. Kyte. Guns for Charleston, A Case of Lend-Lease in 1798-1799, the Journal of Southern History, Vol.14, No. Penological Pioneering in the Walnut Street Jail, 1789-1799, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol.39, No. D. M. Erskine, Letters from America, 1798-1799, the William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.6, No. Charles Caleb Cotton and Julien Dwight Martin, the Letters of Charles Caleb Cotton, 1798-1802
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Star-Spangled Banner (flag)
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The Star-Spangled Banner, or the Great Garrison Flag, was the garrison flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor during the naval portion of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. In Baltimores preparation for an attack on the city, Fort McHenry was made ready to defend the citys harbor. The larger of the two flags would be the Great Garrison Flag, the largest battle flag ever flown at the time, the smaller of the two flags would be the Storm Flag, to be more durable and less prone to fouling in inclement weather. Available documentation shows that this flag was sewn by local flagmaker Mary Young Pickersgill under a government commission in 1813 at a cost of $405.90. George Armistead, the commander of Fort McHenry, specified a flag so large that the British would have no difficulty seeing it from a distance. Mary Pickersgill stitched the flag from a combination of cotton and dyed English wool bunting, assisted by her daughter, the flag has fifteen horizontal red and white stripes, as well as fifteen white stars in the blue field. The two additional stars and stripes, approved by the United States Congresss Flag Act of 1794, represent Vermont, the stars are arranged in vertical rows, with five horizontal rows of stars, offset, each containing three stars. At the time, the practice of adding stripes with the induction of a new state had not yet been discontinued, the flag originally measured 30 by 42 feet. Each of the fifteen stripes is 2 feet wide, and each of the stars measures about 2 feet in diameter, the flag currently has only fourteen stars—the fifteenth star was similarly given as a gift, but its recipient and current whereabouts are unknown. The Flag was flown over the fort when 5,000 British soldiers, the bombardment turned to Fort McHenry on the evening of September 13, and continuous shelling occurred for 25 hours under heavy rain. This revelation was famously captured in poetry by Key, an American lawyer, being held by the British on a truce ship in the Patapsco River, Key observed the battle from afar. When he saw the Garrison Flag still flying at dawn of the morning of the 14th, the poem would be put to the music of a common tune, retitled The Star-Spangled Banner, and a portion of it would later be adopted as the United States National Anthem. Since its arrival at the Smithsonian, the flag has undergone multiple preservation efforts, the flag that flew during that episode in history became a significant artifact. It remained in the possession of Major Armistead, who was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Eben Appleton, Colonel Armisteads grandson, inherited the flag in 1878, in 1907, he lent it to the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1912 it was made a formal gift. Today it is housed in the National Museum of American History, one of the Smithsonian Institution museums on the National Mall in Washington. The flag was given to the museum in 1912, and has undergone multiple restoration efforts after being restored by Amelia Fowler in 1914. Due to environmental and light damage a four phase restoration project began in May 1999, in the first phase, the team removed the linen support backing that was attached to the flag during the 1914 restoration
9.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
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Media related to 1797 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
