1.
1875
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As of the start of 1875, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category leaving First Class, other British railway companies follow Midlands lead during the rest of the year. January 12 – Guangxu becomes 11th Qing dynasty Emperor of China at the age of 4 in succession to his cousin, january 14 – The newly proclaimed King Alfonso XII of Spain arrives in Spain to restore the monarchy during the Third Carlist War. The Carlists take several pieces of artillery, more than 2,000 rifles,800 men of both sides are killed - mostly government troops. February 18 – The Mason County War begins as a German-American mob breaks into a prison, february 21 – Jeanne Calment is born in Arles, France. She would go on to become the worlds oldest verified person to have lived, reaching an age of 122 years and 164 days. February 24 – The SS Gothenburg sinks off Australias east coast with the loss of approximately 102 lives, including a number of civil servants. The two tribes are not allowed to return to the Verde Valley until 1900, february 27 – Newton Booth, 11th Governor of California, resigns, having been elected Senator. Lieutenant Governor of California Romualdo Pacheco becomes acting Governor and he is later replaced by elected governor William Irwin. March 1 – The United States Congress passes the Civil Rights Act, march 3 – Georges Bizets opera Carmen receives its première at the Opéra-Comique in Paris. Bizet’s Carmen is first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris, France, the first indoor ice hockey game is played at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. March 15 – Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States, april 10 – The Arya Samaj is founded in Mumbai by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. April 25 – Ten sophomores from Rutgers College steal a one-ton cannon from the campus of the College of New Jersey, may 7 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg is signed between Japan and Russia. May 7 – German liner SS Schiller wrecks on the rocks off the Isles of Scilly with the loss of 335 lives, may 17 – Aristides wins the first Kentucky Derby. May 20 – The Metre Convention is signed in Paris, France, june – The record-setting American clipper Flying Cloud of 1851 is burned for scrap metal. June 4 – Two American colleges play each other in arguably the first game of football, Tufts University and Harvard University at Jarvis Field in Cambridge. Summer – Third Carlist War in Spain, Two government armies under General Quesada, both they and their Carlist opponent drive opposing sympathisers from their homes and burn crops in areas they can not hold. Several Carlist generals are unjustly put on trial for disloyalty, mendiri is also removed from his command, and is replaced by the Count of Caserta
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1873 in the United States
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Events from the year 1873 in the United States. January 17 – Indian Wars, The first Battle of the Stronghold is fought during the Modoc War, february 20 – The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco, California. March 1 – E. Remington and Sons of Ilion, New York start production of the first practical typewriter. March 3 – Censorship, The U. S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any obscene, lewd, March 4 – President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant begins his second term. March 15 – The Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity is founded at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, March 22 – Emancipation Day for Puerto Rico, Slaves are freed. April 1 – The Coinage Act of 1873 comes into force, ending bimetallism in the U. S. april 15–17 – Indian Wars, The Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought. May – Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at an Illinois county fair, which is taken up by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, may 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis received United States patent#139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. began manufacturing the famous Levis brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, may 23 – The Preakness Stakes horse race first runs in Baltimore, Maryland. June 4 – Indian Wars, The Modoc War ends with the capture of Captain Jack, july 21 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American West. September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later The Ohio State University, opens its doors with 25 students, september 18 – The New York stock market crash triggers the Panic of 1873, part of the Long Depression. December 15 – Women of Fredonia, New York march against the liquor dealers in town to inaugurate the Womans Crusade of 1873–74. This leads to the creation of the Womans Christian Temperance Union, railroads connected Northern Michigan port cities of Ludington, Traverse City and Petoskey. Coors Brewing Company begins making beer in Golden, Colorado, central Park is officially completed in New York City, New York. Nine Pekin ducks are imported to Long Island, the Womans Temperance League is organized by Eliza Daniel Stewart. Senator from North Carolina from 1931 to 1946 October 8 – Ma Barker, leader of the Barker gang October 17 – William Luther Hill, Senator from Florida in 1936 October 29 – Lester J. Dickinson, U. S. Senator from Iowa from 1931 to 1937 March 4 – Alfred Iverson, March 27 – James Dixon, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1857 till 1869. November 9 – Stephen Mallory, United States Senator from Florida from 1851 till 1861, november 27 – Richard Yates, United States Senator from Illinois from 1865 till 1871. Media related to 1873 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1874 in the United States
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Events from the year 1874 in the United States. February 21 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first newspaper, March 18 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trading rights. March – The Young Mens Hebrew Association in Manhattan is founded, may 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a U. S. patent for blue jeans with copper rivets. The price is $13.50 per dozen, July 1 Philadelphia Zoo opens, the first public zoo in the U. S. Four-year-old Charley Ross, Americas first major kidnapping for Ransom victim is taken from his home in Philadelphia. Sholes and Glidden typewriter, with cylindrical platen and QWERTY keyboard, November 4 – Democrats regain the U. S. House of Representatives for the first time since 1860. November 7 – Harpers Weekly publishes a cartoon by Thomas Nast considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the Republican Party. November 11 – The Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at Syracuse University and this is the first womens Greek letter organization to be called a sorority. November 25 – The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party, the San Diego Natural History Museum is founded. Reconstruction era Gilded Age Depression of 1873–79 January 4 – John W. Thomas, Senator from Idaho from 1928 to 1933 and from 1940 to 1945 January 7 – M. M. Logan, U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1931 to 1939 January 9 – Helen Tufts Bailie, social reformer and activist April 16 – Frederick Van Nuys, Senator from Indiana from 1933 to 1944 March 5 – Daniel O. Hastings, U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1928 to 1937 March 26 – Robert Frost, poet March 29 – Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States as wife of Herbert Hoover May 20 – Augustine Lonergan, U. S. Senator from Connecticut from 1933 to 1939 July 1 – Edward P. Costigan, Senator from Colorado from 1931 to 1937 August 10 – Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 September 13 – Henry F. Ashurst, U. S. Senator from Arizona from 1912 to 1941 December 4 – Edwin S. Broussard, Senator from Louisiana from 1921 to 1933 January 7 - John Burton Thompson, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1853 till 1859. October 6 – Samuel M. Kier, industrialist November 20 - Jackson Morton, full Date Unknown - Paul Jennings, slave of James Madison, writer Media related to 1874 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1876 in the United States
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Events from the year 1876 in the United States. President, Ulysses S. Grant Vice President, vacant Chief Justice, Morrison Waite Speaker of the House of Representatives, kerr, Samuel J. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is selected as the leagues first President. February 22 – Johns Hopkins University is founded in Baltimore, Maryland, february/March – The Harvard Lampoon humor magazine is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts. March 7 – Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone, march 10 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful call by saying Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you. April 17 – Friends Academy is founded by Gideon Frost at Locust Valley, may 10 – The Centennial Exposition begins in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. May 18 – Wyatt Earp starts work in Dodge City, Kansas, June 4 – The Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California via the First Transcontinental Railroad,83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City. June 17 – Indian Wars – Battle of the Rosebud,1,500 Sioux, June 24 – First published review of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, in a British magazine, the books first edition has appeared earlier in June in England. July 4 – The United States celebrates its centennial, August 1 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U. S. state. August 2 – Wild Bill Hickok is killed in a game in Deadwood. September 7 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang attempt to rob the bank but are surrounded by an angry mob and are nearly wiped out. October 4 – Texas A&M University opens for classes, November 7 – The presidential election ends indecisively with 184 Electoral College votes for Samuel J. Tilden,165 for Rutherford B. The new president is not decided until 1877, November 10 – The Centennial Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. November 23 – Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain, december 5 – The Brooklyn Theater Fire kills at least 278, possibly more than 300. December 6 – The first cremation in the United States takes place in a built by Francis Julius LeMoyne. Lyford House, by Richardson Bay, Tiburon, California is constructed, adolphus Buschs brewery, Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri, first markets Budweiser, a pale lager, as a nationally sold beer. Senator from Illinois from 1933 to 1939 April 9 – Park Trammell, senator from Florida from 1917 to 1936 April 23 – Mary Ellicott Arnold, social activist May 21 – Augustus Owsley Stanley, U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1919 to 1925 June 5 – Tony Jackson, jazz pianist July 12 – Alphaeus Philemon Cole, senator from Florida from 1907 to 1908 November 23 – Thomas M. Storke, U. S. S. December 12 – Alvin Kraenzlein, hurdler January 10 – Gordon Granger, senator from Kentucky from 1847 to 1853 September 27 – Braxton Bragg, U. S
6.
1877 in the United States
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Events from the year 1877 in the United States. March 4 – Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President of the United States, may 5 – Indian Wars, Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles. May 6 – Realizing that his people are weakened by cold and hunger, may 8 – At Gilmores Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens. June 15 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy, June 17 – Indian Wars – Battle of White Bird Canyon, The Nez Perce defeat the U. S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory. June 21 – The Molly Maguires are hanged at Carbon County Prison in Jim Thorpe, july 10 – The then villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain. Louis, briefly establishing a Communist government before U. S. President Rutherford B. Hayes calls in the armed forces, the army loses 29 soldiers and Indians lose 89 warriors in a U. S. Army victory. August 17 – Arizona blacksmith F. P. Cahill is fatally wounded by Billy the Kid, Cahill dies the next day, becoming the first person killed by the Kid. September – The first meeting of the Knights of Reliance in Lampasas County, Texas, september 5 – Indian Wars, Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier, after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. November 21 – Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, Edison demonstrates the device for the first time on November 29. November 22 – The first college lacrosse game is played between New York University and Manhattan College, reconstruction era Gilded Age Depression of 1873–79 March 7 – Charles O. Andrews, U. S. Senator from Florida from 1936 to 1946 April 3 – Karl C, senator from Colorado from 1932 to 1933 May 16 – Joseph M. McCormick, U. S. Senator from Illinois from 1919 to 1925 June 12 – Thomas C, senator from Connecticut from 1945 to 1946 August 10 – Frank Marshall, chess player October 2 – Carl Hayden, U. S. Senator from Arizona from 1927 to 1969 October 13 – Theodore G. Bilbo, Governor of Mississippi from 1928 to 1932 and from 1935 to 1947, senator from Mississippi from 1935 to 1947 October 31 – Josiah O. Wolcott, U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1917 to 1921 November 12 – Warren Austin, senator from Vermont from 1931 to 1946 November 16 – Rice W. Means, U. S. Senator from Colorado from 1924 to 1927 November 24 – Alben W. Barkley, 35th Vice President of the United States from 1949 to 1953 and U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1927 to 1949 and from 1955 to 1956 January 4 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, entrepreneur January 17 – John Pettit, senator from Indiana from 1853 to 1855 June 17 – Daniel D. Pratt, U. S. Bogy, U. S. Senator from Missouri from 1873 to 1877 October 29 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, Confederate Civil War General, first Grand Wizard of the Klu Klux Klan November 1 – Oliver P. Morton, U. S. Senator from Indiana from 1867 to 1877 (born 1823 Media related to 1877 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Media related to 1875 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
