1.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
1893 in Norway
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Events in the year 1893 in Norway. 19 May - a quick clay slide in Verdalen destroyed 105 farms, the Norwegian Authors Union is established. Edvard Munch begins to paint The Scream,27 February - Norwegian Skating Association is founded
3.
1892 in Sweden
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Events from the year 1892 in Sweden Monarch – Oscar II Prime Minister – Erik Gustaf Boström. Cision Örebro Mission Swedish Cooperage Union 11 June - Stockholms allmänna kvinnoklubb is founded in Stockholm,2 July – Anders Larsson, sport wrestler. 23 July – Erik Adlerz, diver,15 August – Gösta Lundqvist, sailor. 4 December – Per Bertilsson, gymnast,7 January - Maria Cederschiöld - Carolina Lindström, hat maker 11 December - Nancy Edberg, pioneer swimmer 25 January - Charlotta Norberg, ballerina 21 October - Anne Charlotte Leffler, writer
4.
Holmenkollbakken
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Holmenkollbakken is a large ski jumping hill located at Holmenkollen in Oslo, Norway. It has a size of HS134, a construction point of K-120. Holmenkollen has hosted the Holmenkollen Ski Festival since 1892, which since 1980 have been part of the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup and 1983 the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup. It has also hosted the 1952 Winter Olympics and the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1930,1966,1982 and 2011. The hill has been rebuilt 19 times, important upgrades include a stone take-off in 1910, a superstructure in 1914. During the Second World War, the venue was used as a military installation, further expansions were made ahead of the 1966 and 1982 World Championships, as well as in 1991. Between 2008 and 2010, the structure was demolished and rebuilt. As of 8 February 2011, the record is unofficially held by Anders Jacobsen at 142.5 meters. The official hill record was set at 5 March 2011 by Andreas Kofler at 141 meters, the hill is part of Holmenkollen National Arena, which in addition to cross-country and biathlon venues has the normal hill Midtstubakken. The first major skiing competition in Oslo was Husebyrennet, which was held in Husebybakken in Ullern from 1879 until 1891, in 1887, the road to Holmenkollen was opened, although it was at the time only used for recreation, as there was no housing in the area. In 1890, Husebyrennet had to be canceled due to lack of snow, because of the distance, the tournament was held on a Sunday, this caused some criticism, and to compensate it was decided not to collect entrance fees. The following year, the event was held in Husebybakken. Following the 1891 season, the lease with the owner for Husebybakken needed to be renegotiated. Several times the venues had had too little snow and Fritz Huitfeldt, after half a year of planning, the general assembly of the Association for the Promotion of Skiing approved the move in late 1891. To create sufficient water supply for the hotels, a dam had been built and this created Besserudkjernet and it would cover with ice during the winter. Construction was simple, a few trees had to be chopped down, the first competition was held on 30 January 1892, and was spectated by between fifteen and twenty thousand people, who saw jumpers reach 15 to 21.5 meters. The original hill had a knoll just after the take-off, which gave the feeling of falling. It was therefore decided to change the profile slightly to make the hill safer, no standard profiles existed at the time, so the Association for the Promotion of Skiing had to do guesswork to create a better profile
5.
Knut Hamsun
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Knut Hamsun was a major Norwegian writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. Hamsuns work spans more than 70 years and shows variation with regard to the subject, perspective and he published more than 20 novels, a collection of poetry, some short stories and plays, a travelogue, and some essays. The young Hamsun objected to realism and naturalism and he argued that the main object of modernist literature should be the intricacies of the human mind, that writers should describe the whisper of blood, and the pleading of bone marrow. Hamsun is considered the leader of the Neo-Romantic revolt at the turn of the 20th century, with such as Hunger, Mysteries, Pan. His later works—in particular his Nordland novels—were influenced by the Norwegian new realism, portraying life in rural Norway and often employing local dialect, irony. Hamsun is considered to be one of the most influential and innovative literary stylists of the past hundred years, isaac Bashevis Singer called Hamsun the father of the modern school of literature in his every aspect—his subjectiveness, his fragmentariness, his use of flashbacks, his lyricism. The whole modern school of fiction in the twentieth century stems from Hamsun, on August 4,2009, the Knut Hamsun Centre was opened in Hamarøy. Since 1916, several of Hamsuns works have been adapted into motion pictures, Knut Hamsun was born as Knud Pedersen in Lom in the Gudbrandsdal valley of Norway. He was the son of Tora Olsdatter and Peder Pedersen. When he was three, the moved to Hamsund, Hamarøy in Nordland. They were poor and an uncle had invited them to farm his land for him, at nine Knut was separated from his family and lived with his uncle Hans Olsen, who needed help with the post office he ran. Olsen used to beat and starve his nephew, and Hamsun later stated that his chronic nervous difficulties were due to the way his uncle treated him. In 1874 he finally escaped back to Lom, for the five years he did any job for money, he was a store clerk, peddler, shoemakers apprentice, sheriffs assistant. At 17 he became an apprentice, at about the same time he started to write. He asked businessman Erasmus Zahl to give him significant monetary support, Hamsun later used Zahl as a model for the character Mack appearing in his novels Pan, Dreamers, and Benoni and Rosa. He spent several years in America, traveling and working at various jobs, working all those odd jobs paid off, and he published his first book about it, Den Gaadefulde, En Kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland. In his second novel Bjørger, he attempted to imitate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons writing style of the Icelandic saga narrative, the melodramatic story follows a poet Bjørger and his love for Laura. This book was published under the pseudonym Knud Pedersen Hamsund and this book later served as the basis for Victoria, En Kærligheds Historie
6.
Arne Garborg
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Arne Garborg, born Aadne Eivindsson Garborg was a Norwegian writer. Garborg championed the use of Landsmål, as a literary language and he founded the weekly Fedraheim in 1877, in which he urged reforms in many spheres including political, social, religious, agrarian, and linguistic. He was married to Hulda Garborg, Garborg grew up on a farm named Garborg, near Undheim, in Time municipality at Jæren in Rogaland county. He grew up together with eight siblings, although he was to become known as an author, it was as a newspaperman that he got his start. In 1872 he established the newspaper Tvedestrandsposten, and in 1877 the Fedraheimen, in the 1880s he was also a journalist for the Dagbladet. In 1894 he laid the ground, together with Rasmus Steinsvik, for the paper Den 17de Mai and his novels are profound and gripping while his essays are clear and insightful. He was never inclined to steer clear of controversy, in 2012 the Garborg Centre opened at Bryne, Time. It is dedicated to the literature and philosophy of Arne and his wife, several of their homes are now turned into museums, like Garborgheimen, Labråten, Kolbotn and Knudaheio. Ein Fritenkjar Bondestudentar Forteljingar og Sogar Mannfolk Uforsonlige Hjaa ho Mor Kolbotnbrev Trætte Mænd Fred Jonas Lie, link to all his works, at UiO. no Works by Arne Garborg at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Arne Garborg at Internet Archive Garborg Center
7.
Torleif Torkildsen
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Torleif Torkildsen (Norwegian pronunciation, was a Norwegian gymnast and tennis player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Norwegian gymnastics team, which won the medal in the gymnastics mens team. In tennis he was a member of the Norway Davis Cup team, the same year in August he won an international tournament in Oslo meeting Östberg again in the final. In national competition he was a tennis champion between 1926 and 1930. Profile Torleif Torkildsen at the Tennis Archives Torleif Torkildsen at the Davis Cup
8.
Olav Hindahl
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Olav Hindahl was a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party. He started his career as a typographer, and became involved in the labour union. He rose up the ladder and became leader of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions in 1934 and he left in 1939 to become Minister of Labour in the cabinet Nygaardsvold. During the German occupation of Norway he also headed, in exile and he relinquished both posts in 1945, but from 1946 to 1963 he directed the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority. On the local level he was a member of Stavanger city council from 1923 to 1925 and Aker municipal council from 1929 to 1931
9.
Thomas Offenberg Backer
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Thomas Offenberg Backer was a Norwegian engineer. He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology as siv. ing. in 1914, from 1948 to 1962 he served as director of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads. He had formerly worked as an engineer for the Norwegian Public Roads Administration in Oppland. He was a brother of Andreas Backer, journalist and secretary-general for the Norwegian Trekking Association
10.
Peter Torjesen
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Peter Torjesen was a Norwegian missionary to China with the China Inland Mission. When Peter was 18, he heard the call to evangelize China and that day, he not only emptied his wallet into the collection plate, but included a small note with the words, And my life. Eight years later,1918, he arrived in China, on 17 January 1923 he married Valborg in Lan Xian, China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War Peter, and his wife Valborg opened their home and church premises in Hequ, Shanxi, Torjesen died on 14 December 1939, the result of a Japanese bombing raid at Hequ, Shanxi. The marble monument, with Peters story engraved in gold characters, was unveiled in August 1990 and we Signed Away Our Lives, How One Family Gave Everything for the Gospel, ISBN 0-87808-780-X
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