1.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
Arne Dagfin Dahl
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Arne Dagfin Dahl, CBE was a Norwegian military officer most renowned as the commander of the Alta Battalion during the fighting at Narvik in Northern Norway in 1940. Born in Kristiania on 24 May 1894, Arne Dagfin Dahl was the son of postmaster Ragnvald Dahl and he was brother of fellow army officer Ørnulf Dahl. He took his examen artium in 1912, graduated from school in 1919. In 1924, he dropped out of university, to director of the Norwegian Automobile Federation. Dahl had gained an international pilot licence in 1918, on 17 September 1921, Dahl married Kristiania-born Astri Thinn Christophersen. By 1930, the couple had three daughters, in the years 1920-1924, Dahl worked as a physical education teacher at the school St. Hanshaugens gymnasium. From 1920 to 1924 he worked as a secretary at the Oslo Forsvarsforening, Dahl graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1915, with the rank of first lieutenant. During the First World War, Dahl first saw service in the Norwegian Armys neutrality guard in 1915-1916 and he then served as the Norwegian military attaché to the United Kingdom and Belgium. In connection with this assignment to Belgium Dahl spent time at the front lines as an observer, after returning to Norway in 1919, Dahl spent five years working at the Norwegian Military Academy. In 1929 he became an adjutant to Haakon VII of Norway, Dahl assumed command of the Alta Battalion in 1939 and led it through the 1940 Norwegian Campaign. He has since been considered perhaps the best Norwegian battalion commander during the fighting at Narvik. He later served in the UK and the U. S. as well as having other commands before in the fall of 1944, as a full colonel, in 1941 Dahl became the first Norwegian to attend the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Dahl was given charge of the Norwegian forces that were transferred to assist in the Liberation of Finnmark from November 1944, at the time of the German capitulation in Norway on 8 May 1945 Dahl had under his Finnmark command around 3,000 soldiers. Dahl on his part was concerned that the Russian forces which had been stationed in Eastern Finnmark since the October 1944 Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation might not leave after wars end and these concerns turned out not to come true as all the Soviet forces left Norwegian territory by 25 September 1945. A. D. Dahl became a Major General and commander of District Command North in 1945, in the period 1 September 1949 to 31 October 1950, Dahl commanded the Independent Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany. By 1930, Dahl was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, krigskorset og St. Olavsmedaljen med ekegren. Minneskrift over Alta bataljons innsats ved krigsutbruddet 1940,9
3.
Leif Grung
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Leif Kuhnle Grung was a Norwegian architect. He was among the architects in Bergen during the 1920s and 1930s. Leif Grung was born in Bergen and he was from a family of Norwegian architects. His father was an architect, Georg H. Grung, leif Grung was educated in Stockholm where he studied architecture at the Institute of Technology and graduated in 1920. He established his own studio in Bergen during 1923. Grung went on to one of the foremost pioneers for functionalism in Bergen. Leif Grung was a versatile architect marked by distinctive artistic nerve and he was open to international ideas and was inspired by both the Bauhaus school and by Frank Lloyd Wright. He also committed himself to the movement, to modernizing onshore communications. In the end of the 1920s, he became a standard-bearer for the functionalist movement in Bergen, as such, he often met heavy resistance, even from his colleagues. Nevertheless, he was respected, enjoying high standing and popularity. Eventually he became the most productive architect in Bergen in the 1930s, Grung designed both Kalmarhuset and Blaauwgården in Bergen. He also designed villas in the Tveiteås-area and Fjellveien/Starefossen-area and he also designed residential houses at Jægers minde, at Årstad and Langhaugen among others. Leif Grung designed a number of industry- and store houses during his career, after the end of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he was accused of collaboration with the German occupation authorities and was expelled from the Bergen Architects Association. This led to his taking his own life, just a few days after his suicide, the first prisoners of war from Germany returned home. These first witnesses confirmed that during World War II, Grung had been an intermediary for the route across the North Sea to Great Britain and had sabotaged German building plans. In 1949, four years after his death, he was awarded the Houens fonds diplom for outstanding, independent, mowinckel-gården, Olav Kyrres gate 9, Fridalens bungalow-bebyggelse, Statens kornsilo at Vaksdal Mølle, Jægers Minde, villaer, Hegreneset, villabebyggelse på Tveiteråsen, Blaauwgården, C. Sundts gate 1, Kalmarhuset, Jon Smørs gate 11, Bygård Fortunen ved Tårnplass, mellomkrigsarkitektur i Bergen Architecture in Norway
4.
1892 in Norway
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Events in the year 1892 in Norway. 31 January - The Holmenkollen ski jump opens, mysteries by Knut Hamsun is published. Peace by Arne Garborg is published,5 January – John Johnsen, swimmer 1 February – Eugen Johansen, horse rider and Olympic silver medallist 5 February – Finn Bjørnseth, geodesist
5.
Erika Nissen
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Erika Nissen, née Lie, also known as Erika Røring Møinichen Lie Nissen, was a Norwegian pianist. She was born in Kongsvinger as the daughter of jurist Michael Strøm Lie and she was the sister of Thomasine Lie, who married Jonas Lie. She was the niece of Erik Røring Møinichen, her mothers brother and she made her concert debut in 1866 in Berlin, and played in Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Paris. She retired at the end of the 1870s to work as a music teacher, in 1894 she was granted an artists scholarship by the Norwegian state. She was engaged to Rikard Nordraak for a short time, in 1874 she married politician Oscar Nissen. Their marriage was dissolved in February 1895, after years of unhappy marriage. From 1892 to 1894 she had an affair with Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
6.
Martin Linge
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Martin Linge was born in Norddal, Møre og Romsdal County, Norway. In 1915 he graduated as an officer from the military school in Trondheim. He subsequently studied at the Trondheim Theatre and he debuted on the stage at the Central Theater in Oslo in 1921 and appeared in both theater and films during the 1920s and 1930s. Martin Linge was father of Jan Herman Linge, a renowned engineer. He was also the grandfather of Norwegian novelist Espen Haavardsholm, who wrote about his grandfather in Martin Linge – min morfar, shortly after the German attack on Norway on 9 April 1940 he traveled to Åndalsnes to join his regiment. He had previously attained the rank of Lieutenant, and were one of the first Norwegians to obtain license as a pilot. When British troops landed at Åndalsnes from 17 April, Linge became liaison officer between the regiment and the British. Åndalsnes was at this time still unoccupied territory and the port with railway connections to the East Norway. The King, the prince, the cabinet, Norways gold and cash holdings. Trygve Lie in his memoirs recalls meeting Linge at Åndalsnes, during German air bombing of a makeshift airfield at Setnesmoen, he was wounded and evacuated by boat to Britain. He was the first wounded Norwegian soldier to arrive in Britain, among exiled Norwegians, Linge along with Nordahl Grieg and Olav Rytter were the first to propose ideas for resistance against the German occupation. Our land is perfect for secret resistance and guerrilla warfare he declared in June 1940, in August 1940 he was appointed as liaison officer to the War Office and soon began recruiting men and organizing what became Norwegian Independent Company 1. Linge was killed during Operation Archery, a British Combined Operations raid at Måløy against German military positions on Vågsøy Island. During the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Måløy was used as a German coastal fortress and his body is buried at the Vestre gravlund in Oslo. Subsequently the unit he had led was named Kompani Linge in his honor, Linge Company was more formally as Lingekompaniet, by Norwegians. He was awarded Norways highest military decoration for gallantry, the War Cross with sword,1939 - Gjest Baardsen – Fisherman 1938 - Bør Børson Jr. He was also portrayed by Norwegian actor Petter Næss in the 2008-movie Max Manus, statue in the Linge park in Måløy Crown prince Olav unveiled a memorial stone and plaque at Linge farm in Norddal,17 June 1946. Oil Field in North sea named after him in honour, the Vaagso Raid ISBN 978-0-553-23310-0 Martin Linge at Find a Grave Linge memorial at Måløy Kompani Linge at Lofoten War Museum
7.
Svein Rosseland
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Svein Rosseland was a Norwegian astrophysicist and a pioneer in the field of theoretical astrophysics. Svein Rosseland was born in Kvam, in Hardanger, Norway, Rosseland grew up the youngest of nine siblings. He went to his final exams in Haugesund in 1917 and then went to the University of Oslo, after only three semesters at the University he left in 1919 to work as an assistant professor with the meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes at the Bergen School of Meteorology. In 1920 he went to the Institute of Physics in Copenhagen, where he met Niels Bohr and other prominent physicists, and he spent 1924–1926 as a Rockefeller Fellow at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California. In 1927, Rosseland earned a PhD. from the University of Oslo, as a professor at the University of Oslo from 1928 to 1964, he built up and headed academics at the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics. Rosseland was a key participant when the University of Oslo built the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in 1934, between 1929-30 he was a guest professor at the Harvard College Observatory. In 1934 he founded the journal Astrophysics Norvegica, published by the Norwegian Academy of Science, in 1936 he published his textbook Theoretical Astrophysics, which contained numerous original contributions. Rosseland was instrumental in the effort behind the building of the Oslo Analyzer, finished in 1938, with the German occupation of Norway in World War II, he fled the country and went to the United States where he was appointed professor at Princeton University. In 1943 he went to London to work with the development of radar by the British Air Defense Ministry and later at the Admiralty and he was also a consultant for the U. S. Time Corporation, a company later evolved into the Norwegian-owned company Timex Group USA. In the wars final years, he worked on research at Columbia University. Rosseland returned to Norway in 1946 and he was also the driving force behind the creation of Harestua Solar Observatory located at Gunnarshaugen in Oppland, which was inaugurated in 1954. In 1957 he was decorated Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, the minor planet 1646 Rosseland and the lunar crater Rosseland are named after him, as is the Rosseland mean opacity. The Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Oslo is housed in Svein Rosselands House, in honor of the 100th anniversary of his birth, the Svein Rosseland Centenary Symposium was held at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo during June 1994. A bust of him was erected at Steinsdalsfossen near his home in Norheimsund. Fra hans liv og virke Holst, Per A. Svein Rosseland and the Oslo Analyzer Institutt for Teoretisk Astrofysikk Solobservatoriet på Harestua Image of Svein Rosseland Svein Rosselands hus
8.
1951 in Norway
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Events in the year 1951 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen until 9 November, norsk Hydro opens a PVC plant at Herøya. Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, gunvor Hofmo, writer and poet, is awarded the Gyldendals Endowment literature prize for the first time. Ola Viker makes his debut with the novel Gullskoen. Felix, trade unionist 21 August – Cecilie Løveid, writer,19 June – Ivar Kirkeby-Garstad, politician and Minister 4 July – Anton Berge, agronomist and politician 17 September – Jon Skeie, jurist. 6 October – Olav Kringen, newspaper editor 14 October – Anton Johnson Brandt, veterinarian 18 December – Arthur Olsen, boxer 28 December – Nils Opdahl, gymnast, lars Olai Meling, politician and Minister Gustav Smedal, jurist and irredentist activist
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