1.
1897
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As of the start of 1897, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, january 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the Oba of Benin. This leads to an expedition against Benin. January 7 – Cyclone destroys Darwin, Australia, january 22 – In this dates issue of the journal Engineering, the word computer, is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. January 23 – Elva Zona Heaster is found dead in Greenbrier County, the resulting murder trial of her husband is perhaps the only capital case in United States history where spectral evidence helps secure a conviction. January 31 – Czechoslav Trade Union Association is founded in Prague, February 10 – Freedom of religion is proclaimed in Madagascar. February 16 – The French conquer the island of Raiatea and capture the rebel chief Teraupoo, ending the Leeward Islands War, February 18 – Benin is put to the torch by the British Armys Benin Expedition. February 24 – Foundation of Čekan Mekenroff 1897 association football club in Pozsony in the Kingdom of Hungary, February 26 – The Sigma Pi fraternity is founded. February 27 – The French military governor of Madagascar, Joseph Gallieni, exiles Queen Ranavalona III to Réunion, march 4 – William McKinley is sworn in as President of the United States. March 13 – San Diego State University is founded, march 22 – Emilio Aguinaldo unseats Andrés Bonifacio at the Tejeros Convention, becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group Katipunan. April 15 – Drillers near Bartlesville, Oklahoma, strike oil for the first time in the designated Indian Territory, the gusher, at the Nellie Johnstone Number One well, leads to rapid population growth. April 19 – The first Boston Marathon is held, with fifteen men competing, may 14 The Stars and Stripes Forever, the American patriotic march by John Philip Sousa, is performed for the first time. – The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee is founded in Berlin as an LGBT campaigning organization, may 19 – Oscar Wilde is released from prison in England and goes into exile on the continent. May 26 – Irish-born theatrical manager Bram Stokers contemporary Gothic horror novel Dracula is first published, June 22 – Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria celebrated in the United Kingdom. No other British monarch celebrated such a jubilee until Elizabeth II in 2012, July 11 – S. A. Andrées Arctic Balloon Expedition of 1897 begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the team within months. July 17 – The Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle, July 25 – Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories. July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand, British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand on the North-West frontier of the British Raj, July 31 – Mount Saint Elias, the second highest peak in the United States and Canada, is first ascended
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1895 in the United States
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Events from the year 1895 in the United States. President, Grover Cleveland Vice President, Adlai E. Morgan at Holyoke, march 1 – William Lyne Wilson is appointed United States Postmaster General. June 28 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules that James Reaviss claim to Barony of Arizona is wholly fictitious, july 6 – Van Cortlandt Golf Course opens in The Bronx as the countrys first and oldest public golf course. August 19 – American frontier murderer and outlaw John Wesley Hardin is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, September 3 – The first professional American football game is played, in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, between the Latrobe YMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club. September 18 – Booker T. Washington delivers the Atlanta Compromise speech, selden is granted the first U. S. patent for an automobile. November 20 – USS Indiana, the first battleship in the United States Navy comparable to foreign battleships of this time, is commissioned, november 25 Oscar Hammerstein opens the Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in New York Citys Times Square district. Chicago Times-Herald race, The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the Chicago Times-Herald, press coverage first arouses significant U. S. interest in the automobile. December 24 – George Washington Vanderbilt II officially opens his Biltmore Estate on Christmas Eve, inviting his family and guests to celebrate his new home in Asheville, du Bois becomes the first African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. The gold reserve of the U. S. Treasury is saved when J. P. Morgan, gilded Age Gay Nineties Progressive Era January 1 Bert Acosta, aviator J. S. S. Senator from Connecticut from 1952 to 1963 May 25 – Dorothea Lange, documentary photographer and photojournalist May 28 – Samuel D. Jackson, senator from Indiana in 1944 June 10 William C. Feazel, U. S. McCormick, admiral September 22 – Elmer Austin Benson, senator from New Mexico from 1949 to 1973 October 30 – Dickinson W. Conway Pierce, chemist December 20 – Susanne K. Wilson, U. S. Senator from Iowa from 1883 to 1895, morris, politician October 2 – Robert Crozier, U. S
4.
1896 in the United States
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Events from the year 1896 in the United States. February 5 - August 12 – Yaqui Uprising in Arizona and Mexico, march 23 – The New York State Legislature passes the Raines Law, restricting Sunday alcoholic beverage sales to hotels. April 9 – The National Farm School is chartered in Doylestown, may 18 – Plessy v. Ferguson, The U. S. Supreme Court introduces the separate but equal doctrine and upholds segregation. May 26 – Eleven years after its foundation, a group of 12 purely industrial stocks were chosen to form the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the index was composed entirely of industrial shares for the first time. June 4 – The Ford Quadricycle, the first Ford vehicle ever developed, is completed, june 28 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Companys Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston City, Pennsylvania resulted in a massive cave-in that killed 58 miners. July 9 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech at the Democratic National Convention, September 15 – The Crash at Crush train wreck stunt is held in Texas. October 30 – Augusta, Kentucky, The Augusta High School cornerstone is laid, november 3 – U. S. presidential election,1896, Republican William McKinley defeats William Jennings Bryan. This is later regarded as an election, starting the Fourth Party System in which Republicans dominate politics until about 1932. November 30 – The St. Augustine Monster, a large carcass later postulated to be the remains of an octopus, is found washed ashore near St. Augustine. December 7 – The 54th United States Congress began its second session, december 25 – John Philip Sousa composes his magnum opus, the Stars and Stripes Forever. The New York Telephone Company is formed, gilded Age Gay Nineties Progressive Era January 4 – Everett Dirksen, U. S. Senator from Illinois from 1951 to 1969 January 20 – George Burns, American actor and singer January 21 – J. Carrol Naish, actor February 25 – John Little McClellan, U. S. Hickenlooper, U. S. Senator from Iowa from 1945 to 1969 September 24 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, author known for the novel The Great Gatsby September 29 – George H. Bender, Senator from Ohio from 1954 to 1957 October 22 – Earle C. Brady, early American photographer February 23 – George Davis, Confederate States Senator from North Carolina, 4th, boreman, United States Senator from West Virginia from 1869 to 1875. Miller, United States Senator in Georgia from 1871, june 2 – Ozora P. Stearns, United States Senator from Minnesota in 1871. June 13 – Alpheus Felch, 5th Governor of Michigan from 1846 till 1847, june 25 – Lyman Trumbull, United States Senator from Illinois from 1855 till 1873. July 1 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, abolitionist and author best known for the novel Uncle Toms Cabin July 22 – George W. Jones, August 9 – Alonzo J. Edgerton, United States Senator from Minnesota in 1881. October 13 – Thomas W. Ferry, United States Senator from Michigan from 1871 till 1883, beckwith, United States Senator from Wyoming in 1893
5.
1898 in the United States
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Events from the year 1898 in the United States. The city is divided into five boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx. February 15 – The USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor, Cuba, popular opinion blames Spain and helps precipitate the Spanish–American War. March 28 – After an investigation, the U. S. Navy publicly concludes that the USS Maine was sunk by a mine, April 5 – Annie Oakley promotes the service of women in combat situations with the United States military. In the history of women in the military, there are records of female U. S, April 21 – Spanish–American War, The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship. April 25 – Spanish–American War, The United States declares war on Spain, April 29, Union Razor Company, which today is known as KA-BAR Knives, founded in Tidioute, Pennsylvania. May 1 – Spanish–American War – Battle of Manila Bay, Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish squadron, the first battle of the war, as well as the first battle in the Philippines Campaign. May 12 – Bombardment of San Juan, the first major battle of the Puerto Rico Campaign during the Spanish–American War, june 1 – The Trans-Mississippi Exposition Worlds Fair opens in Omaha, Nebraska. July 1 – Spanish–American War, Battle of San Juan Hill – American forces capture the San Juan Heights near Santiago de Cuba, theodore Roosevelt memorably leads the charge of the Rough Riders. July 3 Spanish–American War, Battle of Santiago de Cuba – The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Navys Caribbean Squadron, joshua Slocum completes a 3-year solo circumnavigation of the world. July 7 – The United States annexes the Hawaiian Islands, july 17 – Spanish–American War, – Battle of Santiago Bay, Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish. July 25 – Spanish–American War, The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with a landing at Guánica Bay, august 13 – Spanish–American War, Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba. October 3 – Battle of Sugar Point, Ojibwe tribesmen defeat U. S. government troops in northern Minnesota, october 6 – The Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity is founded at the New England Conservatory in Boston. November 10 - The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, A coup détat by white supremacists, november 26 – A 2-day blizzard known as the Portland Gale piles snow in Boston, Massachusetts, and severely impacts the Massachusetts fishing industry and several coastal New England towns. December 10 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish–American War, wakita is founded in the Cherokee Strip, Oklahoma. As a result of the merger of small oil companies, John D. Rockefellers Standard Oil Company controls 84% of the United Statess oil. Gay Nineties Progressive Era Lochner era March 3 – Thomas R. Underwood, july 14 – Happy Chandler, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1955 till 1959. September 9 – Styles Bridges, United States Senator from New Hampshire from 1937 to 1961, november 13 – Wallace F. Bennett, United States Senator from Utah from 1951 till 1974
6.
1899 in the United States
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Events from the year 1899 in the United States. January 10 – The Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity is founded at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, January 17 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island. February 4 – The Philippine–American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila, february 6 – Spanish–American War, A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate. February 10 - Spanish-American, The U. S and it is the latest in a series of disasters to Floridas citrus industry. February 14 – Voting machines are approved by the U. S. Congress for use in federal elections, march 2 – In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established. March 24 – George Dewey is made Admiral of the US Navy, may 31 – The launch of the Harriman Alaska Expedition. June 7 – Temperance movement crusader Carrie Nation enters a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas, june 12 – New Richmond Tornado, A tornado completely destroys the town of New Richmond, Wisconsin, killing 117 and injuring more than 200. June 25 – Three Denver, Colorado newspapers publish a story that the Chinese government under the Guangxu Emperor is going to demolish the Great Wall of China. June 30 – Mile-a-Minute Murphy earns his famous nickname this day, July 17 – Americas first juvenile court is established in Chicago. July 19 – The Newsboys Strike takes place when the Newsies of New York City go on strike, July 30 – The Harriman Alaska Expedition ends successfully. August 3 – The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago, August 10 – Marshall Major Taylor wins the world 1-mile professional cycling championship in Montreal, securing his place as the first African American world champion in any sport. August 17 – A hurricane makes landfall in North Carolinas Outer Banks, bliss becomes the first motor vehicle accident fatality in the US. On disembarking from a streetcar in New York City, an electric-powered taxicab strikes and crushes him, october 30 – The Augusta High School Building is completed in Augusta, Kentucky, Augusta Methodist College shuts down. November 4 – The Alpha Sigma Tau Sorority is founded in Ypsilanti, november 8 – The Bronx Zoo opens in New York City. November 21 – Vice President Garret Hobart dies in office, december 2 – Philippine–American War – Battle of Tirad Pass, General Gregorio del Pilar and his troops are able to guard the retreat of Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo before being wiped out. The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the town of Manteo, which was laid out as the Dare county seat in 1870. Gold is discovered in Nome, Alaska, gay Nineties Progressive Era Lochner era Philippine–American War Boxer Rebellion Boxer_Rebellion#Allied_intervention. 2C_the_Boxer_War. 2C_and_the_aftermath January 9 – John A. Danaher, U. S. January 17 – Al Capone, gangster and crime boss, George OHara, silent film actor and screenwriter
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Media related to 1897 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
