1.
1900 in Norway
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Events in the year 1900 in Norway. Monarch, Oscar II Prime Minister, Johannes Steen 17 February - The Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture,3 December – Population Census, There were 2,239,881 inhabitants in Norway. The 1900 Parliamentary election takes place,5 January - Nina Eik-Nes, politician 31 January - Bertel Flaten, politician 14 February - Ola Johan Gjengedal, politician 4 March – Axel Coldevin, historian. 30 December – Lillemor von Hanno, actress and writer
2.
1899 in Norway
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Events in the year 1899 in Norway. Monarch – Oscar II Prime Minister – Johannes Steen 1 April – The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions established,27 June – The paperclip is patented by Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor. 10 August – Viking FK football club is founded, the sports club Kongsberg IF is founded. The gymnastics club Volda TI is founded,23 July - Johan Trandem, shot putter and discus thrower 25 July – Olav Svendsen, jurist. 6 August – Lillebil Ibsen, dancer and actress 6 August – Torstein Børte, politician 6 August – Finn Nagell, military officer, Milorg pioneer, economist and businessperson
3.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
4.
1905 in Norway
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Events in the year 1905 in Norway. 1905 is the year when Norway regained its independence after the dissolution of the Union between Sweden and Norway, the article Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 covers the events surrounding the break with Sweden in depth. 26 October - Norway was recognized by Sweden as an independent constitutional monarchy,12 November – a referendum confirmed the monarchy and rejected a republican form of government. 18 November – The Norwegian Parliament unanimously elected the Danish Prince Carl to be king,25 November – Haakon VII and his family arrived in Christiania. 4 April – Arne Randers Heen, mountain climber
5.
Monarchy of Norway
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The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, the heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon. The crown prince undertakes various public functions, as does the kings wife. The crown prince also acts as regent in the kings absence, there are several other members of the Royal Family, including the kings daughter, grandchildren and siblings. Whilst the Constitution of Norway grants important executive powers to the King, formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgement, but parliamentary practice has been in place since 1884. Constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word King in most articles of the constitution from the king personally to the elected government. The powers vested in the monarch are significant, but are treated only as reserve powers, the King does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratifies laws and royal resolutions, receives and sends envoys from and to foreign countries and he has a more tangible influence as the symbol of national unity. The annual New Years Eve speech is one occasion when the King traditionally raises negative issues, the King is also Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. The King has no role in the Church of Norway. The position of King of Norway has been in existence since the unification of Norway in 872. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament and this gives the Norwegian monarchy the unique status of being a popularly elected royal family and receiving regular formal confirmations of support from the Storting. Prior to and in the phase of the Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. Harald Fairhair was the first king of Norway, the boundaries of Fairhairs kingdom were not identical to those of present-day Norway, and upon his death the kingship was shared among his sons. Some historians emphasise the actual control over the country and assert that Olaf II, alias Saint Olaf. Olaf is generally held to have been the force behind Norways final conversion to Christianity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak, the kingdom included Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, large castles such as Haakons Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built
6.
Oscar II of Sweden
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Oscar II was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until his dethronement in 1905. He was the third of four sons of King Oscar I, as his eldest brother Charles XV was without heirs and his brother Prince Gustaf died in 1852, it was he who succeeded his brother as king. Oscar II was king during a period when Sweden was undergoing a period of industrialization, the declining Union of Sweden and Norway was finally dissolved in 1905 and Oscar became the last Bernadotte king of Norway. He died in 1907 and was succeed as King of Sweden by his son, at his birth in Stockholm, Oscar Fredrik was created Duke of Östergötland. He entered the navy at the age of eleven, and was appointed lieutenant in July 1845. Later he studied at Uppsala University, where he distinguished himself in mathematics, on 13 December 1848, he was made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. On 6 June 1857 he married in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany, Princess Sophia Wilhelmina, from 1859, when his father died, he was first in line to the Swedish throne after his oldest brother King Charles, who then had no male heirs. His middle brother Gustaf had died in 1852 and he succeeded his brother Charles XV / IV on 18 September 1872. At the accession he adopted as his motto Brödrafolkens väl / Broderfolkenes Vel, the political events which led up to the peaceful dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 could hardly have been attained but for the tact and patience of the king himself. He was dethroned on 7 June 1905 by the Norwegian Parliament and he declined, indeed, to permit any prince of his house to become king of Norway, but better relations between the two countries were restored before his death. He died in Stockholm on 8 December 1907 at 9,10 AM and his acute intelligence and his aloofness from the dynastic considerations affecting most European sovereigns gave the king considerable weight as an arbitrator in international questions. At the request of Great Britain, Germany and the United States in 1889 he appointed the justice of Samoa. He was the 1, 027th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, the office of prime minister was instituted in 1876. Louis De Geer became the first head of government in Sweden to use this title, the most known and powerful first minister of the Crown during the reign of Oscar was the conservative estate owner Erik Gustaf Boström. Boström served as Prime Minister in 1891-1900 and 1902-1905 and he was trusted and respected by the king, who had much difficulty approving someone else as prime minister. Over a period of time, the king gave Boström a free hand to select his own ministers without much royal involvement and it was an arrangement that furthered the road to parliamentarism. Himself a distinguished writer and musical amateur, King Oscar proved a friend of learning. In 1858 a collection of his lyrical and narrative poems, Memorials of the Swedish Fleet, published anonymously, obtained the second prize of the Swedish Academy
7.
Prime Minister of Norway
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For a list, see List of heads of government of Norway. The Prime Minister of Norway is the leader of Norway. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to the Storting, to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. In practice, since it is impossible for a government to stay in office against the will of the Storting. Norway has a Constitution, which was adopted on 17 May 1814, the position of Prime Minister is the result of legislation. As of 2017, the Prime Minister of Norway is Erna Solberg, unlike their counterparts in the rest of Europe, Norwegian Prime Ministers do not have the option of advising the King to dissolve the Storting and call a snap election. The Constitution requires that the Storting serve out its full four-year term, if the Prime Minister loses the confidence of the Storting, he or she must resign. As of 2015 six former Prime Ministers are alive, Odvar Nordli born 3 November 1927, kåre Willoch born 3 October 1928, served 1981–1986. Gro Harlem Brundtland born 20 April 1939, served 1981, 1986–1989, kjell Magne Bondevik born 3 September 1947, served 1997–2000 and 2001–2005. Thorbjørn Jagland born 5 November 1950, served 1996–1997, jens Stoltenberg born 16 March 1959, served 2000–2001 and 2005–2013. List of Prime Ministers of Norway Regjeringskvartalet Government Official Homepage
8.
Johannes Steen
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Johannes Wilhelm Christian Steen was a Norwegian politician and educator who served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1891 to 1893 and from 1898 to 1902. He grew up in Vesteraalen as the son of Judge and Member of Parliament John Svaboe Steen and his brother Frederik Steen was also a member of Parliament. At the University of Christiania in 1848, over the next 42 years, Steen combined his profession as teacher and educationist with a political career. He served as a teacher in Bergen and Tromsø and he was mayor of Tromsø and. From 1866 he was rector of Stavanger Latin School and he was mayor of Stavanger and In 1859 he was first elected member of the Storting for Tromsø. In 1868, Steen was elected to the Storting for Stavanger, from 1871, the Storting became increasingly marked by political struggle. Steen first became Prime Minister in 1891, in 1894, Steen was re-elected to the Storting from Trondheim. He subsequently held the position of Prime Minister from 1898–1902 and he was married in 1849 to Elise Henriette Stoltenberg. He died in 1906 at Voss in Hordaland, Norway
9.
Otto Blehr
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Otto Albert Blehr was a Norwegian attorney and politician representing the Liberal Party. He served as the 7th Prime Minister of Norway from 1902 to 1903 during the Union between Sweden and Norway and from 1921 to 1923 following the Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden, Blehr grew up at a farm in Stange where his father was medical officer. He married womens rights activist Randi Blehr in 1876 and he served as parliamentary reporter for the newspapers Dagbladet and Bergens Tidende. He was one of the founders of the Fjordenes Blad and he later started and served as the first editor of the Sogns Tidende. He was also the auditor of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 1903 to his death, in 1905 he was appointed as Prefect of Christiania, an office he held until 1921. He was also a member of the Norwegian delegation to the League of Nations 1920, otto Blehr was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav in 1898
10.
Ofoten Line
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The Ofoten Line is a 43-kilometre railway line in Narvik, Norway. It runs from the Port of Narvik to Riksgränsen on the Norway–Sweden border, the Ofoten Line is single track, electrified at 15 kV 16 2⁄3 Hz AC and has seven stations. The line only connects to the rest of the Norwegian railway network via Sweden, the main traffic is up to twelve daily freight trains operated by Malmtrafik that haul iron ore from Sweden to Narvik. In addition, CargoNet operates container trains, branded as the Arctic Rail Express, the Ofoten Line is also part of the Northern East West Freight Corridor, which hauls containers from China and India to North America. Construction of the Ofoten Line started in 1898 along with the Ore Line from Riksgränsen to Kiruna and they were completed in 1902, allowing LKAB to haul ore from their mines in Kiruna to the ice-free Port of Narvik. Operation and ownership of the line was held by the Norwegian State Railways, the line was electrified in 1915 and NSB started using El 3 and El 4 locomotives. During World War II, the ore traffic stopped because of the Battles of Narvik, in the following decades, NSB introduced El 12 and El 15 locomotives. In 1996, operation of the ore trains was taken over by Malmtrafik, the same year, ownership of the railway line was transferred to the newly created Norwegian National Rail Administration. The line has upgraded to 30 tonnes axle loads, allowing the new Iore locomotives to haul 8,600 tonnes trains. Malmtrafik operates iron ore trains from the mines in Kiruna, Svappavaara and Malmberget to the Port of Narvik, daily there operate 11 to 13 trains in each direction. The trains hauled by Iore are have 68 cars, are 750 meters long, the full ore trains operate at 60 kilometres per hour, while the empty return trains operate at 70 kilometres per hour. In 2006, the company hauled 15 million tonnes of ore, constituting the majority of cargo in Norway, measured in tonnes. CargoNet operates two daily trains from Alnabru Terminal in Oslo, Norway, named the Arctic Rail Express. The trains operate via Sweden and take 27 hours, the trains haul mostly food northbound and fish southbound along a distance of 1,950 kilometres. DB Schenker launched a freight service, between Oslo and Narvik, in January 2010. There is about 0.5 million tonnes of freight transport on the Ofoten Line each year. SJ operates three trains from Narvik to Kiruna Central Station, of which two continue onwards, either to Luleå Central Station or Stockholm Central Station. Trains to Stockholm are night trains, travel time from Narvik to Kiruna is 3 hours and 1 minute, travel time to Luleå is 7 hours and 4 minutes, and travel time to Stockholm is 18 hours and 25 minutes
11.
Football Association of Norway
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The Football Association of Norway is the governing body of football in Norway. It was formed in 1902 and organises the mens and womens national teams, the current president of NFF is Yngve Hallén. By 1 January 2004, there were 1,814 clubs organized in Norway and 373,532 registered players and it is the largest sports federation in Norway. The NFF joined FIFA in 1908, and UEFA in 1954, the NFF was part of an unsuccessful joint bid with the SvFF, the DBU and the SPL to host the UEFA Euro 2008 championship. The SvFF invited the NFF to join them in bidding for the UEFA Euro 2016 championship, the NFF and Norwegian politicians expressed support for such a proposal, but Euro 2016 was eventually awarded to France. In Spring 1902, Lyn invited representatives from Grane and Spring to join together in forming a football association. On April 30,14 delegates from the three met at the Hotel Bristol in Oslo. Together they agreed to form an association, and voted 9 to 5 to adopt the name proposed by Lyn - Norsk Fodboldforbund. Isak Benjaminsen from Grane was adopted as the first chairman. W, benneche, 1906–07 Carl Frølich Hanssen, 1908–09 Arthur Nordlie, 1909–10 C. F. B
12.
Per Aabel
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Per Pavels Aabel was a respected and honored Norwegian actor, artist, dancer, choreographer and instructor. Per Aabel was the son of Hauk Aabel, a popular Norwegian comedian and actor in Norwegian and he studied at Sergei Diaghilevs Ballets Russes in London, after studying at the ballet teacher Enrico Cecchetti. He also attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris and he then embarked on training with the theatre director Max Reinhardt in Vienna before making his stage debut in 1931. Aabel spent a number of years as an actor and teacher with major theatre companies in Oslo during the 1930s. He did not appear in film until the late 1930s and he is more renowned though for his work with the Norwegian theatre. He was employed at the Centralteatret from 1938 to 1940 and the Nationaltheatret from 1940 to 1972, in the public mind he is probably best remembered as an esteemed raconteur. After his retirement, Per Aabel was a frequent entertainer on television as a storyteller and he appeared frequently at national events and artist anniversaries. His statue, by Norwegian sculptor Nina Emilie Sundbye, was unveiled outside the entrance of the Nationaltheatret in 1999. He is buried at Oslo Western Civil Cemetery, Aabel was given the Karl Gerhard honorary award in 1970, Årets Peer Gynt in 1972, the St. Hallvard Medal in 1976, and the Amanda Honorary Award in 1988 and 1998. He was decorated as a Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav in 1978, in 1988 Aabel was decorated the Grand Cross of St. Olav - awarded to heads of state as a courtesy and in rare cases to individuals for merit. The Per Aabel Honorary Award is awarded annually on Aabels birthday, the award was established in 1979 and the first award granted to a talented, Norwegian actor or actress in 1980. The prize includes a statuette of Per Aabel designed by Nina Sundbye, the committee that selects the prize winner is made up of Wenche Foss, Bjarte Hjelmeland and theater director Eirik Stubø
13.
Johan Borgen
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Johan Collett Müller Borgen was a Norwegian author, journalist and critic. He was married to Annemarta Borgen, under the pseudonym of Mumle Gåsegg he wrote shorter articles in the newspaper Dagbladet, particularly during World War II. His articles were ironic and derogatory of the Nazi government, in the end though, he was caught and sent to the prison camp Grini. His best-known work is the novel Lillelord, Borgen was editor of the literary magazine Vinduet 1954-1959. 1945 Gyldendals Endowment 1955 Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature 1965 Dobloug Prize 1965 Bokhandlerprisen for Lillelord 1967 Nordic Councils Literature Prize
14.
Halvard Lange
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Halvard Manthey Lange was a Norwegian diplomat, politician and statesman. He became a member of the Norwegian Labour Party in 1927, two years later, in 1929, he earned a Master of Arts degree. He worked as a teacher 1930-35 and lectured at the University of Oslo 1935-38 and he was arrested by the Nazi German occupying forces in 1942 and spent the rest of the war in various concentration camps. He was the Norwegian foreign minister from 1946 till 1965, except for a month in 1963 during the administration of John Lyng and he was viewed as right-wing politician in the Norwegian Labour Party, partially because of his strong support for Western alignment. Mr. Lange was, together with Lester B. Pearson and Gaetano Martino, a result of this work was the formation of the NATO Science Programme in 1957. His father was Nobel Peace Prize winner Christian Lous Lange and his brother Carl Viggo also became a member of Parliament. Nobel committee bio Quotations related to Halvard Lange at Wikiquote
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