1.
Vanderbilt Commodores football
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The Vanderbilt Commodores football program represents Vanderbilt University in the sport of American football. The Commodores compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and they are currently coached by former Tennessee Titans wide receiver Derek Mason. Vanderbilt plays their games at Vanderbilt Stadium, located on the universitys Nashville. Adopting the nickname the Commodores after the 1897 season, the team has played in 1,250 games over 126 seasons. In that time, six coaches have led the Commodores to a bowl appearance, Art Guepe, Steve Sloan, George MacIntyre, Bobby Johnson, James Franklin. Four have led them to a championship, R. G. Acton, W. H. Watkins, James H. Henry. McGugin is the leader in seasons coached and games won, with 198 victories during his thirty years at Vanderbilt and he was awarded two National Championships retroactively by Clyde Berryman. Of the twenty-eight different head coaches who have led the Commodores, McGugin, Ray Morrison, Henry Russell Sanders, the current head coach is Derek Mason. Ole Miss is Vanderbilts cross-divisional rival in the SEC, Vanderbilt and Ole Miss have played 87 times since 1894. Ole Miss leads the series 50–38–2, the largest margin of victory was by 91 points won by Vanderbilt in 1915. Vanderbilt also holds the longest win streaks in the series from 1894 to 1938, having started in 1893, the Georgia-Vanderbilt football series has been played annually since 1968. The two are divisional opponents in the SEC East, the two are divisional opponents in the SEC East. The series, which rotates between Nashville, Tennessee and Lexington, Kentucky, is tied at 42–42–4 with the score being Vanderbilt 17-Kentucky 15.6. Vanderbilt and Tennessee have played 107 times since 1892, Tennessee leads the series 75–30–5, when the rivalry first started Vanderbilt dominated by taking 19 of the first 24 with 3 ties. After 1928, UT has dominated the rivalry with a record of Vanderbilt 71–11–2, the largest margin of victory for Vanderbilt was by 76 points in 1918 at Old Dudley Field in Nashville. The largest defeat was 65 points in 1994 at Vanderbilt Stadium, the longest win streaks for Vanderbilt is from 1901 to 1913. The longest win streak for Tennessee is 22, from 1983 to 2004, Vanderbilt and the Sewanee Tigers were both founding members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Southern Conference, and the Southeastern Conference. It is the oldest of Vanderbilts rivalries, dating back to 1891 when Vanderbilt played its football game
2.
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
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The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association was one of the first collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. Twenty-seven of the current Division I FBS football programs were members of this conference at some point, the SIAA was founded on December 21,1894, by Dr. William Dudley, a chemistry professor at Vanderbilt, at the Kimball House in Atlanta. Dudley was a member of the Vanderbilt Athletic Association, formed in 1886 with Dr. W. M. Baskerville as president, most students at Vanderbilt were members. The early sports played on the Vanderbilt campus were baseball, bicycling, Dudley was primarily responsible for the formation of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Sewanees opposition stopped it from occurring, the original members were Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, Johns Hopkins, North Carolina, Sewanee, Vanderbilt, and Virginia. Virginia and North Carolina soon dropped before the inaugural 1895 season, the conference was originally formed for the development and purification of college athletics throughout the South. In 1903, a single-game football playoff occurred, but it seems to have been coordinated more so by the two competing schools than the conference itself, several other efforts over the years by individual schools to hold a conference title game fell through. Most SIAA titles claimed by schools in sports were actually more mythical in nature than officially sanctioned by the league. In 1915, a disagreement arose within the conference regarding the eligibility of freshman athletes, generally, the larger universities opposed the eligibility of freshman players, while the smaller schools favored it. As a result, some of the universities formed the Southern Intercollegiate Conference. At the conferences annual meeting on December 10,1920, the SIAA rejected proposals to ban freshman athletes, in protest, some schools that had voted in favor of the propositions immediately announced they would seek to form a new conference. In 1922, the Southern Conference underwent an expansion and added six more members, all at the expense of the SIAA, Florida, Louisiana State, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt. With the departure of most of the colleges, the SIAA became a de facto small college conference in 1923. In the 1920s and 1930s, the SIAA increased its membership with the addition of additional small universities. The conference eventually disbanded in 1942 with the onset of American involvement in World War II, original charter members are denoted in boldface. Invited charter members are denoted with an asterisk, in the era in which the SIAA operated, teams tended to join in December, therefore, the first year of conference play in a given sport was often the following calendar year. Conference affiliations reflect those for the 2016–17 school year
3.
Dan McGugin
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Daniel Earle McGugin was an American football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from 1919 to 1934. He is the winningest head coach in the history of the university, McGugin was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951 as part of its inaugural class. Zipp Newman once wrote “I believe Dan McGugin would have gone down in history as the greatest of all coaches had he given all of his time to coaching. He was a great play-maker, but football was a sport for the beloved McGugin and law was his profession. ”McGugin was born in July 1879 on a farm near Tingley and he was the son of Benjamin Franklin McGugin and Melissa McGugin. He was of Scottish and Irish descent, McGugin saw the baton twirling skills of W. W. Wharton in Tingley for a Sunday evening church service one day in 1896 and was intrigued. Wharton, Drake Universitys first football coach, suggested he play football instead, come to Drake University, Wharton suggested, and well make you as fine a tackle as there is. McGugin enrolled at Drake University and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1901 and he played football at Drake for two years at the guard and tackle positions and was considered one of the best players that Drake ever had. After one victory he purchased a small cannon and fired it at regular fifteen-minute intervals, nodding politely to neighbors Sabbath complaints. After graduating from Drake, McGugin enrolled in law school at the University of Michigan, while there, McGugin played college football for Fielding H. Yost. He was a player on Michigans Point-a-Minute teams that outscored their opponents,1,211 to 12 in 1901 and 1902, as a guard he is careful yet nervy. He gets the jump on his opponents and keeps the advantage, although a hard player he goes into each scrimmage with as much composure as if he were walking along the campus. McGugin, although good in every department of his position, has two qualities that are pre-eminent, namely, making interference and opening holes, heston has been especially fortunate this year in having a good interference, and part of that interference has been McGugin. McGugin was the football coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University from 1904 to 1917. During his tenures, the Vanderbilt Commodores compiled a 197–55–19 record, had a.762 winning percentage, and won 11 conference titles. He had numerous intersectional triumphs, defeating the Carlisle Indians in 1906, and tying the Navy Midshipmen in 1907, the Yale Bulldogs in 1910, McGugin used his mentor Yosts short punt formation. In his first career game, McGugins team defeated Mississippi A&M and he went on to win his next two games by 60 points as well. He remains the only coach in NCAA history to win his first three games by 60 points and he also won each of his first 11 games by more than 20 points
4.
Short punt formation
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The short punt formation is an older formation on both offense and defense in American football, popular when scoring was harder and a good punt was itself an offensive weapon. In times when punting on second and third down was fairly common, teams would line up in the short punt formation and offer the triple threat of punt, harpers Weekly in 1915 called it the most valuable formation known to football. The formation is similar to the wing and modern shotgun by including the possibility of a long snap from center. However, it is generally a balanced formation, and there are backs on both sides of the tailback, offering better pass protection, as a result, it was considered a much better passing formation than running, as the premiere running formation was the single wing. That said, it was regarded as a formation for trap plays The formation was invented by Amos Alonzo Stagg in 1896. Andy Smith, coach of Californias Wonder Teams summed up the short-punt philosophy with his motto of Kick, in the early days of the sport the ball was often moved up the field, not through offensive plays, but rather through punting. Once the opposing team got the ball, the defense was relied upon to make the teams offense lose yards or fumble. To confuse the opponent and attain longer punts, the punting was often done on first or second downs, the formation was used extensively by Fielding Yosts point-a-minute, hurry up Michigan Wolverines in their early history, as well as his disciple Dan McGugins Vanderbilt Commodores. Bill Roper used the short punt at Princeton, the short punt was the base formation for the Benny Friedman-led New York Giants in 1931. In the 1956 NFL Championship, the Chicago Bears shifted into a punt formation in the third quarter, after falling way behind. Glossary of American football Early history of American football Punt
5.
Dan Blake
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Daniel Bigelow Blake, Jr. was an American football player and coach. Dan Bigelow Blake, Jr. was born on May 22,1882 in Cuero, Texas to Daniel Bigelow Blake, Sr. Dan, Sr. was a physician and once president of the Nashville Academy of Medicine. Blake was a prominent halfback and end for Dan McGugins Vanderbilt football teams from 1903 to 1906 and his two brothers, Bob and Vaughn, also played on those teams. Dan, Bob, and Vaughn were captains of the 1906,1907, Dan Blake was selected consensus All-Southern in 1906. At Vanderbilt he was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity and stood 5 feet 11, Dan played end in 1903, the same position as his brother Bob. One writer in 1904 still contended Blake, who played left half for Vanderbilt,04, being taken from left end, which position he played in 03. End is his position, he is heavy, weighing about 170, is fast, a tackler, advances the ball well. Dan was captain of the 1906 team, considered one of the schools greatest, Dan made the field goal to tie Michigan 4 to 4, a score that would remain until the final two minutes saw a Michigan touchdown. He went on to coach at Hopkinsville High School at Hopkinsville, while there he was manager of the electric light and gas plants of the Kentucky Public Service Company. Story about Blake and Vandys canine mascot
6.
Vanderbilt Stadium
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Vanderbilt Stadium is a football stadium located in Nashville, Tennessee. Completed in 1922 as the first stadium in the South to be used exclusively for college football, Vanderbilt Stadium hosted the Tennessee Oilers and the first Music City Bowl in 1998 and also hosted the Tennessee state high school football championships for many years. Vanderbilt Stadium is the smallest football stadium in the Southeastern Conference, the first facility was named for William Dudley, Dean of the Vanderbilt University Medical School from 1885 until his death in 1914. Dudley was responsible for the formation of the SIAA, the predecessor of the Southern Conference and Southeastern Conference, in 1895, in 1922, after a 74.2 winning percentage during the 18-year tenure of Coach McGugin, the Commodores had outgrown old Dudley Field. The football team played two games on the renamed Curry Field before moving to New Dudley Field in 1922, the new stadium, the first in the South built solely for football, was christened Dudley Field, and its capacity was 20,000. As evidence of Vanderbilts stature at the time, it dwarfed rival Tennessees Shields-Watkins Field, the first game played at Dudley Field was between the home-standing Commodores and the powerful Michigan Wolverines. A goal-line stand by the Commodores preserved a 0-0 tie, the following Friday, nearby Hume-Fogg High School played a game at Dudley. Senior Jimmy Armistead returned the kick for a touchdown, providing the first touchdown ever recorded in the stadium. Armistead would go on to a career at Vanderbilt and was the captain. In 1949, Vanderbilt officials built a press box at Dudley Field. Additional seating was added to the western side of stadium. On September 25,1954, Vanderbilt hosted the No, 10-ranked Baylor Bears in the first night game ever played on the Dudley Field surface. The lights had been installed so that Dudley Field would be able to host the Billy Graham Crusade on campus, in 1960, nearly 7,000 more seats are added to the stadium, with an expansion on the east side of the stadium near Memorial Gym. At a price of $250,000, officials installed what was then a state-of-the-art Astroturf synthetic surface in 1970, over the winter and spring of 1980–81, most of the Dudley Field grandstand was demolished. The 12,088 seats on each sideline—the only vestige of the old stadium—were raised ten feet through the use of 22 hydraulic jacks on each side of the stadium, the new venue was rechristened Vanderbilt Stadium. However, the surface itself is still called Dudley Field. The rebuilt stadium and its Fred Russell Press Box were designed to resemble a United States naval vessel slicing through the water—a nod to Vanderbilts naval themed-mascot, accordingly, the color scheme picked for the exterior of the stadium was battleship gray. The stadiums maximum capacity after the 1980–81 renovation was 41,000, the project cost $10.1 million, and the Commodores celebrated a sold-out dedication by taking a 23–17 comeback win over Maryland on September 12,1981
7.
1905 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1905 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The teams head coach was Dan McGugin, who served his second season in that capacity, Vanderbilt played seven home games and won them all including six shutout victories. Their only loss came on the road to McGugins old team, Michigan, from 1903 to 1905 Vandy won 13 consecutive games and was 22–2–1 in those three seasons. They finish the 1905 season with a 17-game home win streak, the streak reached 26 games before Michigan stopped them on November 2,1907. The team was captained by Innis Brown, later a prominent sportswriter, the season opened with a big win, 97–0 over the Maryville Scots. Coach McGugin said The boys went at it hammer and tongs, Blake, Taylor, Stone, Patterson, Brown, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. Alabama was no match for Vanderbilt, losing 34–0, honus Craig was the star of the game. Quarterback Frank Kyle was severely injured, knocked unconscious and taken to the hospital, the starting lineup was Brown, Taylor, Stone, Patterson, Sherrell, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. In the fifth game of the season, Vanderbilt suffered its first loss under coach McGugin, to his mentor and brother in law Fielding H. Yost, tom Hammond, Joe Curtis, and John Garrels scored Michigans three touchdowns. The longest was by Hammond, of 20 yards, Vanderbilt did not make a single first down. The starting lineup was Hamilton, Pritchard, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Taylor, Blake, Kyle, Craig, D. Blake, Manier. Vanderbilt beat the rival Tennessee Volunteers by a score of 45–0, the Vols were coached by fellow Michigan alum James DePree. Coach McGugin remarked, Depree was a valuable man to Michigan athletics and has lots of friends there who are watching his work. Sam Y. Parker sat out the game with injury, Dan Blake made the first three touchdowns. The starting lineup was Brown, Taylor, McLain, Patterson, Sherrell, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, the Commodores defeated the Texas Longhorns, seen as the strongest of the other contenders for the SIAA, by a score of 33–0. Honus Craig, whom no one has ever yet stopped, played probably the greatest game ever put up by a Commodore, Blake, Taylor, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. The Commodores dominated the Auburn Tigers 54–0, playing the game in their territory. Last season, Auburn and Vanderbilt disputed the SIAA title, Blake, Taylor, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Pritchard, Hamilton, Haygood, D. Blake, Craig, Manier
8.
1907 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1907 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1907 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The teams head coach was Dan McGugin, who served his fourth season in that capacity, members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Commodores played five home games in Nashville, Tennessee and finished the season with a record 5–1–1 and 4–0 in SIAA. Vanderbilt gave a shock to the world by tying Eastern power Navy 6–6. The only loss suffered all season was to Western power Michigan, Vanderbilt opened the season with a 40–0 defeat of Kentucky State, boosting morale. The starting lineup against Kentucky State, V. Blake, McLain, Sherrill, Stone, King, Hasslock, the Commodores held the Navy team to a 6–6 tie in one of the highlights of the season. McGugin proved prophetic, before the game he said We have a chance with the Navy. The Nashville papers said Vandy shouldve won, and Grantland Rice criticized the officiating, navys captain Tootsie Douglas called the tie the bitterest pill I have ever had to swallow. The starting lineup against Navy, V. Blake, McLain, Sherrill, Stone, King, Hasslock, rose had played Vanderbilt close in prior seasons, and so was a good warm-up act to Michigan. Vanderbilts only loss was the first home loss in three years, and only the third in the four years of Dan McGugins coaching career at Vanderbilt —and all were to Michigan teams, the Commodores had a 26 game home win streak until Michigan stopped them on November 2. The Commodores lost to the Michigan Wolverines 8–0, in front of a crowd of 8,000 at Dudley Field in Nashville, the crowd was the largest up to that date to see a football game south of the Mason–Dixon Line. The game was a big society event in the south, and the elite of Nashville, Chattanooga, the game matched Michigan head coach Fielding H. Yost against his former player and brother-in-law, Dan McGugin. Owing to the relationship between Yost and McGugin, the two teams played nine times between 1905 and 1923, with Michigan winning eight games and tying one, the game was played under clear skies and warm weather, the temperature being too warm for the invaders liking. Octy Graham scored all of Michigans points, converting on two of three field goal attempts, the tide of the game was set when Vanderbilts quarterback, Sam Costen, dropped six of the first punts he received. The game most prominently featured a duel between star German centers, the Michigan Alumnus wrote, Germany Schulz was far and away the star of the game. In his usual style he was in play, tackling runners for loss, falling on the ball in fumbles. E showed conclusively that he has no equal in the keystone position, a Nashville source wrote In the duel of centers, Stone of Vanderbilt, had the best of Germany Schulz. Stones play was all the way. The starting lineup against Michigan, V. Blake, McLain, Sherrill, Stone, King, Hasslock, in a heavy rain, the Commodores defeated Mississippi 60–0
9.
1906 Clemson Tigers football team
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The 1906 Clemson Tigers football team represented the Clemson Tigers of Clemson Agricultural College during the 1906 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Under first year head coach Bob Williams, the posted a 4–0–3 record. Heralding one of the best defenses in the South for the season, the Tigers allowed no touchdowns scored by their opponents in seven games, the team tied with Vanderbilt for the SIAA title, but few writers chose them over the vaunted Commodores. In Davidson, Clemson had its third scoreless tie of the season, Clemson closed the season with a 10–0 victory over John Heismans Georgia Tech team. Fritz Furtick scored Clemsons first touchdown, an onside kick got the second. Clemsons first forward pass took place during the game, left end Powell Lykes, dropped back to kick, but lobbed a 30-yard pass to George Warren instead. Baseball star Ty Cobb attended the game, the starting line up was Coagman, Lykes, Gaston, Clark, Carter, McLaurin, Coles, Warren, Allen, Furtick, Derrick. A History of Southern Football 1890–1928
10.
Cumberland Bulldogs football
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The Cumberland Phoenix football team represents Cumberland University in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, primarily competing in the Mid-South Conference. The Phoenix formerly competed in the TranSouth Athletic Conference and Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, Cumberland football began on October 26,1894 with a 6-6 tie with Peabody and finished that first year with a 2-1-1 season record. The early days of Cumberland football were very promising, the 1916 game against Georgia Tech is famous as the most lopsided-scoring game in the history of college football, Georgia Tech defeated Cumberland by a score of 222–0. For the 2008 season, CUs football earned a share of the Mid-South Conference West Division, in 2016, the team changed its name from Bulldogs to the Phoenix
11.
Vanderbilt University
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Vanderbilt University is a private research university founded in 1873 and located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War. Today, Vanderbilt enrolls approximately 12,000 students from all 50 U. S. states and over 90 foreign countries in four undergraduate and six graduate, despite its urban surroundings, the campus itself is a national arboretum and features over 300 different species of trees and shrubs. Vanderbilt is ranked as one of the top universities for its teaching, research opportunities. It is ranked 15th on the list of best national universities generated by U. S. News & World Report, however, lack of funds and the ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college. Indeed, the McTyeires had met at St. Francis Street Methodist Church in Mobile, Cornelius Vanderbilt, who was the wealthiest man in the United States at the time, was considering philanthropy as he was at an advanced age. He had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island, New York, however, McTyeire convinced him to donate $500,000 to endow Central University in order to contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country. The endowment was increased to $1 million and would be only one of two philanthropic causes financially supported by Vanderbilt. Though he never expressed any desire that the university be named after himself, McTyeire, Vanderbilt died in 1877 without seeing the school named after him. One of the trustees, Hezekiah William Foote, was a Confederate veteran. The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875, Alexander Little Page Green, whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall, was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner. His son-in-law, Robert A. Young, was a Methodist minister who served as the Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882, retiring from the board in 1902. The first building, Main Building, later known as Kirkland Hall, was designed by William Crawford Smith, in the fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt, and in October the university was dedicated. Bishop McTyeire was named Chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment, McTyeire named Landon Garland, his mentor from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia and then-Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, as chancellor. Garland shaped the structure and hired the schools faculty, many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields. However, most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire, when the first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta, was established on campus in 1876, it was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877. Meanwhile, Old Gym, designed by Dutch-born architect Peter J. Williamson, was built in 1879–1880, by 1883, the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus, and more chapters were established in 1884. During the first 40 years, the Board of Trust, and therefore the university, was under the control of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893
12.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
13.
Innis Brown
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Innis Brown was a college football player, referee, sportswriter, and civil engineer. His sports articles were nationally known, writing for the New York Sun, Innis Brown was born on March 31,1884 in Franklin, Tennessee to Enoch Brown, Sr. and Lucinda Allen. Inniss younger brother Enock Nuck Brown was captain of the 1913 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Innis was a prominent guard for Dan McGugins Vanderbilt Commodores football teams of Vanderbilt University. He was also a Rhodes Scholar, in 1905 Brown was captain and selected All-Southern of the 1905 team. One publication claims The first scouting done in the South was in 1905, upon graduation, he went to Mexico as a civil engineer. By 1912 he was a referee throughout the South, chosen by the Atlanta Constitution to pick its All-Southern team that year, having served as editor on Vanderbilts campus newspaper, the Hustler, Brown began his writing career on the old Nashville American in 1906. He eventually took charge of the section of the Atlanta Journal. Brown was also a golfer, being the managing editor of American Golfer in 1919 with Rice. Innis Brown at Find a Grave
14.
1906 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1906 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1906 college football season. The teams head coach was Fielding H. Yost in his year at Michigan. The team compiled a record of 4–1 and outscored opponents,72 to 30, the 1906 season was played under two sets of new rules. First, the rules governing intercollegiate were changed to promote a more open, the changes included the legalization of the forward pass and allowing the punting team to recover an on-side kick as a live ball. Second, the Big Nine Conference enacted new rules, including a rule limiting teams to five games and prohibitions on the training table and pre-season training before the start of the academic year. Also before the season began, university officials ruled that two of the stars from the 1905 team, Germany Schulz and Walter Rheinschild, were ineligible to compete in football. Despite the setbacks, Michigan won its first four games by a score of 72 to 13. The season opener against Case Scientific School was the first game played on the new Ferry Field, during the bye week before the final game of the season, Michigans captain Joe Curtis sustained a severely broken leg in a practice game against the scrub team. The Wolverines lost their game to the Penn Quakers, 17–0. Two Michigan players, Joe Curtis and fullback John Garrels, were selected as first-team All-Western players, Garrels, who had broken world records in the discus throw and the high hurdles, was also selected as a second-team All-American by Walter Camp. On October 6,1906, Michigan opened its season with a 28–0 victory over the team from Clevelands Case Scientific School, the game was the first played at the newly completed Ferry Field and attracted a crowd estimated at 2,000 persons. The Detroit Free Press called the field a beauty, the game was the 10th meeting between the two programs. Michigan had won all nine of the games by a combined score of 298 to 31. Fullback John Garrels scored the first touchdown on the new Ferry Field, the score was set up when Cases fullback, Wagar, attempted a punt from deep in Cases territory. After a bad snap, Jack Loell broke through the line, Garrels then scored on two straight line bucks. Joe Curtis missed the extra point kick, and Michigan was unable to again in the first half. Case threatened once in the first half, when Cases quarterback, Reimenschneider, wagars attempt at a field goal for Case was unsuccessful, and Michigan led, 5–0, at halftime. In addition to scoring the first touchdown, Garrels handled punting responsibilities and he also kicked an extra point and had the longest end run of the game for a 28-yard gain
15.
Bob Blake (American football)
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Robert Edwin Blake was an American football, basketball, and baseball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. Every football season in which he played, Blake was a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship team and he was a lawyer and Rhodes Scholar. His three brothers, Dan, Vaughn, and Frank, also played on those winning teams, Dan, Bob, and Vaughn were captains of the 1906,1907, and 1908 Vanderbilt football teams respectively. He thus signed letters Bob Blake, pater familias, Blake was later general counsel for the International Shoe Company, and married Dorothy Gaynor. Blake was also president of the Missouri Constitutional Convention in 1944, Blake was born on January 31,1885 in Cuero, Texas to Daniel Bigelow Blake, Sr. and Mary Clara Weldon. Dan, Sr. was a physician and once president of the Nashville Academy of Medicine, Bob Blake prepped at Bowen School. Blake was Vanderbilt University’s first athlete to earn 16 letters, participating in football, basketball, baseball and he stood 6 feet and weighed 170 pounds. While a senior, Blake was honored as Bachelor of Ugliness, Blake was a prominent end for Dan McGugins Vanderbilt Commodores football teams in 1903 and from 1905 to 1907. He was also a punter and drop kicker, as a punter, one writer claimed others considered him the best in the country. He was selected All-Southern unanimously each and every year he played, in 1915, John Heisman called Blake of the greatest players in Vanderbilt history, along with Ray Morrison and Owsley Manier. Grantland Rice once said about Bob Blake, “he was the halfback who never lost a yard around right end. In the third place he is interested in and takes a part in every phase of college life. In the fourth place he has maintained himself well in scholarship, while not a brilliant student, he has, in my opinion, in the opinion of fellow Vanderbilt player Honus Craig, Blake was the Souths greatest player. Blake was chosen for an all-time Vandy team in 1912, both Blake and teammate John J. Tigert were Rhodes Scholars. Blake broke his wrist in the Sewanee–Vanderbilt game, Bob Blake did not play in Dan McGugins first year of 1904, but resumed play on the 1905 team. The score was 4 to 0, as field goals then counted for 4 points, College Football Hall of Fame inductee Albert Exendine was playing for Carlisle. Frank Mount Pleasant missed four field goals and he made Walter Camps All-America Honorable Mention in 1907, as well as the first team All-American selection of Michigan coach Fielding Yost. Blake was a member of Dan McGugins Vanderbilt football teams, Blake missed two kicks on a slippery field in the 8–0 loss to Michigan
16.
Field goal
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A field goal is a means of scoring in American football and Canadian football. To score a goal the team in possession of the ball must place kick, or drop kick. The vast majority of goals, in both codes, are placed kicked. Drop kicked field goals were common in the days of Gridiron football but are almost never done in modern times. In most leagues, a field goal awards three points. A field goal may also be scored through a fair catch kick, since a field goal is worth only three points, as opposed to a touchdown, which is worth six points, it is usually only attempted in specific situations. The goal structure consists of a crossbar suspended 10 feet above the ground. In American football the goals are centered on each end line, in the first half, there is enough time remaining to execute only one more play. In the second half, there is time remaining to execute only one more play. The game is in overtime, and a FG is the quickest, easiest, even under ideal conditions, the best professional kickers historically had difficulty making kicks longer than 50 yards consistently. If a team not to attempt a field goal on their last down. A punt cannot score any points in American football unless the team touches the ball first and the kicking team recovers it. The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 64 yards, the previous record was 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey and then matched by Jason Elam, Sebastian Janikowski, and David Akers. High school, college and most professional football leagues offer only a three-point field goal, however, NFL Europe encouraged long field goals of 50 yards or more by making those worth four points instead of three, a rule since adopted by the Stars Football League. Similarly, the sport of football sought to repopularize the drop kick by making that worth four points, it failed. The overall field goal percentage during the 2010 NFL season was 82.3, in comparison, Jan Stenerud, one of only two pure kickers in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, had a career field goal percentage of 66.8 from 1967 to 1985. The holder is usually the teams punter or backup quarterback, instead of the regular center, a team may have a dedicated long snapper trained especially to snap the ball on placekick attempts and punts. The holder usually lines up seven to eight yards behind the line of scrimmage, upon receiving the snap, the holder holds the ball against the ground vertically, with the stitches away from the kicker
17.
1906 Carlisle vs. Vanderbilt football game
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The 1906 Carlisle vs. Vanderbilt football game, played November 22,1906, was a college football game between the Carlisle Indians and Vanderbilt Commodores. The 1906 Vanderbilt team had one of the greatest seasons in school history, on November 11, Vanderbilt accepted a challenge of the Carlisle team for a game in Nashville. The Indians were given the choice of November 22,23, the Nashville Banner predicted it would be the greatest game the south ever saw. The game started forty-five minutes late to accommodate the large crowd, one source claims the Carlisle Indians failed to receive supplies on the trip to Nashville, including their receiving carboys emptied of water. The Indians had the poorest kind of accommodations at Nashville, frank Mount Pleasant had four field goal attempts, but missed them all. John Heisman wrote Manier bucked the Indians line, atlanta Constitution sporting editor A. W. Edwin Popes Footballs Greatest Coaches describes the game as the first intersectional triumph of the south. Vanderbilt running back Honus Craig called this his hardest game, giving praise to Albert Exendine as the fastest end I ever saw. The starting lineup for Vanderbilt was V. Blake, Pritchard, McLain, Stone, Chorn, E. Noel, Blake, Costen, D. Blake, Craig, Manier
18.
John Owsley Manier
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John Owsley Manier was a college football player and coach and medical doctor. J. Owsley Manier was born on March 18,1887 in Nashville, Tennessee to William R. Manier, Manier enrolled at Vanderbilt University, was an excellent student and received his A. B. degree in 1907. Manier was a prominent fullback on coach Dan McGugins Vanderbilt Commodores football team from 1904 to 1906 and he was a great plunging back who in which every year he played at Vanderbilt was both a member of Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship teams and selected All-Southern. In 1915, John Heisman said Vanderbilts three greatest players ever were Manier, Ray Morrison, and Bob Blake, Manier scored five touchdowns against Alabama in a 78–0 victory and again ran for five touchdowns over Georgia Tech in Atlanta. Atlanta Constitution sportswriter Alex Lynn wrote after the Georgia Tech game, Manier was the greatest fullback, Manier played in the days before two platoons and so also played on defense. In the 33 to 0 win over Rose Polytechnic, in which again he scored five touchdowns, Manier was the first Vanderbilt football player to be selected to an All-America team, selected third-team All-America by Walter Camp in 1906. This makes Manier the first Southern player to any of Camps teams. He received a Bachelor of Arts from Vanderbilt, and his M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania and he played a bit on the Penn Quakers football team as well, in 1908, for he had a year of eligibility left. At Penn he was shifted to halfback, and mostly used for swift plunges into the line, Penn defeated Michigan, exacting revenge for the multiple losses suffered by Manier to Michigan at Vanderbilt. After his time in Pennsylvania he returned to Vanderbilt as an assistant football coach and he practiced in Nashville and gave his spare time to the team. Known years with his assistance include 1911–1915 and 1920, Manier spent the winter of 1911 at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. He accompanied the Vanderbilt hospital unit to Fort McPherson in 1917, in 1935 he was president of the Tennessee Medical Association. In 1948, Manier developed coronary thrombosis, as well as legions on his legs while vacationing in Norway in 1952 and he had a vocal cord removed, and finally an embolism in January 1953 which confined him to his home for his remaining years. The Nashville Banner reported his death in 1956, Vanderbilt University loved him, and no alma mater has been better served by an alumnus
19.
College Football All-America Team
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The College Football All-America Team is an honor given annually to the best American college football players at their respective positions. Camp took over the responsibility for picking the All-America team and was recognized as the selector in the early years of the 20th century. com. As of 2009, the National Collegiate Athletic Association recognizes the All-America teams selected by the AP, AFCA, FWAA, Sporting News, if three of these organizations select a player to their first team, he automatically receives the consensus honor. If a player is named an All-American by all five organizations, depending upon the distribution of first team honors at any given position, it is possible to be consensus with fewer than three first-team selections. The University of Notre Dame has produced the most unanimous All Americans of any program, there have been 2,868 players from 156 colleges and universities since 1889 who were selected to at least one All-American first team. It has selected an All-America team since 1925, the American Football Coaches Association has selected an All-America team every year since 1945. It is often referred to as the Coaches All-America Team, the Coaches’ All-America Team has been sponsored by various entities throughout the years but it is now under its own banner, the AFCA. These are the sponsors/publishers of the team throughout the years and it is sometimes referred to as the Writers All-America Team. The FWAA has selected an All-America team with the help of its members, the All-America team is selected by a committee of writers representing all conferences and regions of the NCAA. The Writers Team has been highlighted in various media forums, from 1946-70, Look published the FWAA team and brought players and selected writers to New York City for a celebration. During that 25-year period, the FWAA team was introduced on television shows by Bob Hope, Steve Allen, Perry Como. After Look folded, the FWAA started an association with NCAA Films. The team was part of ABC Televisions 1981 College Football Series, from 1983-90, the team was either on ABC or ESPN, and since 1991 has returned to the national spotlight on ABC. The corporate sponsor for the Writers team is AT&T, after years of Cingular being the sponsor. Walter Camp, The Father of American Football, first selected an All-America team in 1889, the WCF claims an 80% participation rate in the voting for its All-America team. Sporting News, formerly known as The Sporting News and known colloquially as TSN, have teams college football editors and staff select teams, from that year through the 1962 season TSNs All-America team was picked by a poll of sportswriters. Beginning in 1964 the team was selected by professional scouts and observers, the Sporting News cited the advent of two-platoon football as the need to go to that system. United Press International is a organization that selected players in a national poll of sportswriters
20.
Walter Camp
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Walter Chauncey Camp was an American football player, coach, and sports writer known as the Father of American Football. Among a long list of inventions, he created the line of scrimmage. With John Heisman, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, Fielding H. Yost and he attended Yale College, where he played and coached college football. Camps Yale teams of 1888,1891, and 1892 have been recognized as national champions, Camp was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951. Camp wrote articles and books on the gridiron and sports in general, by the time of his death, he had written nearly 30 books and more than 250 magazine articles. Camp was born in the city of New Britain, Connecticut, Walter Camp was of English descent. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, entered Yale College in 1875, at Yale he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, the Linonian Society, and Skull and Bones. He attended Yale Medical School from 1880 to 1883, where his studies were interrupted first by an outbreak of typhoid fever, in 1873, he attended a meeting where representatives from Columbia, Rutgers, Princeton, and Yale universities created the intercollegiate football association. They created the rule that each team is only allowed 15 plays per drive and he played as a halfback at Yale from 1876 to 1882. Harvard player Nathaniel Curtis took one look at Camp, then only 156 pounds and he worked for the New Haven Clock Company beginning in 1883, working his way up to chairman of the board of directors. On June 30,1888, Camp married Alice Graham Sumner, sister of sociologist William Graham Sumner and they had two children, Walter Camp, Jr. who attended Yale as well and was elected as a member of Scroll and Key in 1912, and Janet Camp Troxell. Camp served as the football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892 before moving to Stanford University. On Christmas 1894, he and Amos Alonzo Staggs Chicago Maroons organized an early intersectional contest, Camp was on the various collegiate football rules committees that developed the American game from his time as a player at Yale until his death. English Rugby rules at the time required a player, when the ball was fairly held. College Football 1880 rules convention that the contested scrimmage be replaced with a line of scrimmage where the team with the ball started with uncontested possession and this change effectively created the evolution of the modern game of American football from its rugby football origins. This is significant as rugby union has no point value award for this action, the NCAA emerged from the national talks, but worked to Yales disadvantage relative to rival Harvard, according to Branch. By the time of his death, he had written nearly 30 books and his stories also appeared in major daily newspapers throughout the United States. He also selected an annual All-American team, by the age of 33, twelve years after graduating from Yale, Walter Camp had already become known as the Father of Football
21.
Ed Hamilton (American football)
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Edward J. Ed Hamilton was a college football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He attended preparatory school at Mooney School in Franklin, Tennessee along with Red Smith, Hamilton was an All-Southern end for the first years of Dan McGugins Vanderbilt Commodores football teams. He stood 5 feet 11 inches and weighed 164 pounds, Hamilton coached the Vanderbilt basketball squad in 1903-1904 and 1908-09 for a combined record of 17–5
22.
Flying wedge
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A flying wedge is a configuration created from a body moving forward in a triangular formation. This V-shaped arrangement began as a military strategy in ancient times when infantry units would move forward in wedge formations to smash through an enemys lines. This principle was used by Medieval European armies, as well as modern armed forces. In modern times the effectiveness of flying wedge means it is employed by civilian police services for riot control. It has also used in some sports, although the use of wedges is sometimes banned due to the danger it poses to defenders. The wedge, was used by infantry and cavalry. The men deployed in a triangular or trapezoid formation with the tip leading the way, according to Arrian and Asclepiodotus, the wedge was first used by the Scythians, and then the Thracians. Philip II of Macedon adopted it from them as the formation of his Companion cavalry and Alexander the Great faced Persian cavalry arrayed thus. As an infantry formation it is attested by Frontinus to have used by the Romans in Pydna against the Macedonian line of Perseus. In the Late Roman army, several units were designated as cuneus. Keilerkopf or Keil is a German phrase to describe the formation of the prehistoric infantry of the Celts. It is generally believed that the Germanic tribes were successful with this tactic than the Celts. It was used to force the Roman forces to split and was applied specifically to the weakest units. Here the individual warrior tried to gain fame and glory in the battle, the most distinguished princes and their acolytes stood at the head of the Keil. However, this was also the most dangerous point, whence the need to be heavily armoured, but an army leader who survived a lost battle often forfeited his life. Warriors who had fled were hanged or slain, according to the Roman historian Tacitus, the Keil was a tightly packed crowd, strong on all sides, not only in front and back, but also on the flanks. The formation was not like a wedge but more like a rectangle with forty warriors in the first line and 1,600 men strong, in this formation, the wingmen are at most risk. It was therefore possible that the wing marched with some caution and held back a bit, so that the center stormed further
23.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
24.
Forward pass
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In several forms of football a forward pass is a throwing of the ball in the direction that the offensive team is trying to move, towards the defensive teams goal line. In some football codes, such as football, the kicked forward pass is used so ubiquitously that it is not thought of as a distinct kind of play at all. In these sports, the concept of offside is used to regulate who can be in front of the play or be nearest to the goal, however, this has not always been the case. Some earlier incarnations of football allowed unlimited forward passing, while others had strict offside rules similar to rugby, the development of the forward pass in American football shows how the game has evolved from its rugby roots into the distinctive game it is today. Illegal and experimental forward passes had been attempted as early as 1876, another change in rules occurred on January 18,1951, which established that no center, tackle, or guard could receive a forward pass. Today, the only linemen who can receive a forward pass are the ends, current rules regulate who may throw and who may receive a forward pass, and under what circumstances, as well as how the defensive team may try to prevent a pass from being completed. In American and Canadian football, a pass, usually referred to simply as a pass. This is permitted only once during a scrimmage down by the team before team possession has changed, provided the pass is thrown from in or behind the neutral zone. An illegal forward pass can incur a penalty and the loss of a down, although it may be legally intercepted by the opponents. If an eligible receiver on the passing team legally catches the ball, the pass is completed, if an opposing player legally catches the ball it is an interception. That players team immediately gains possession of the ball and he may attempt to advance the ball toward his opponents goal, if no player is able to legally catch the ball it is an incomplete pass and the ball becomes dead the moment it touches the ground. It will then be returned to the line of scrimmage for the next down. If any player interferes with an eligible receivers ability to catch the ball it is pass interference which draws a penalty of varying degree. The person passing the ball must be a member of the team. The moment that a forward pass begins is important to the game, the pass begins the moment the passers arm begins to move forward. If the passer drops the ball before this moment it is a fumble, in this case anybody can gain possession of the ball before or after it touches the ground. If the passer drops the ball while his arm is moving forward it is a pass, regardless of where the ball lands or is first touched. The quarterback generally either starts a few paces behind the line of scrimmage or drops back a few paces after the ball is snapped
25.
Regents Field
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Ferry Field was the home field for the University of Michigan football team from 1893 to 1905. It was located along South State Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan authorized $3,000 in 1890 for the purchase of land to build a new football field. The following May, they added $4,500 more for the purpose of fitting up the athletic field, the facility was simply named the Athletic Field upon completion. The first home game at the Athletic Field was a 6–0 victory over the Detroit Athletic Club on October 7,1893, the following year in 1894, the Athletic Association change the name of the field to Regents Field, which it would be known as until 1902. In 1902, Detroit businessman Dexter M. Ferry donated the land north of Regents Field to the university. In June 1902, Regents Field was renamed Ferry Field, when it opened, Ferry Field had a single wooden bleacher section that seated 400 people. The bleachers burned down in 1895 and were replaced the year with a new covered grandstand seating 800. Because of the demand for tickets, additional open bleachers seating about 6,000 were built adjoining the covered grandstand, the Athletic Association also had one thousand circus seats and materials for sloping platforms which will permit 8,000 more people to view a football game. Bleachers were later constructed along the side of the field. The largest crowd ever at Ferry Field was for the second to last game at the old stadium, by one account,17,000 fans watched the Wolverines defeat Wisconsin in the 1905 homecoming game. In the 1890s a three dollar membership in the Athletic Association gained students admission to all athletic events, by 1904 a general admission ticket cost $3.00. Michigan compiled an record of 87–2–3 at Ferry Field from 1893 to 1905. Between 1901 and 1904, Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams went 44–0 at Ferry Field, in 1904, the Wolverines beat the undefeated University of Chicago team at Ferry Field. Portions of the game and several shots of the field were filmed by the Edison Manufacturing Company in one of the earliest successful attempts to film a football game. Ferry Field Michigan Wolverines football Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 1 Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 2
26.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
27.
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
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Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology, formerly Rose Polytechnic Institute, is a small private college specializing in teaching engineering, mathematics and science. Its 200-acre campus is located in Terre Haute, Indiana, mr. Rose donated the land on 13th and Locust St. and the majority of the funds needed to start the new school. The original campus was a building, with no dormitories or recreational facilities. The first class of 48 students entered in 1883, chosen from 58 applicants, of the 48 students, all were male, and 37 came from Indiana. All but four students chose to major in Mechanical Engineering with Civil Engineering, nearly half of the original students would eventually quit their studies before graduation for a number of reasons, including poor grades or conduct. The first president was Charles O. Thompson, who modeled the education of Rose Poly after eastern institutions, Rose Poly was thus founded as the first private engineering college west of the Alleghenies. During the beginning years of the school, money was a major concern, a lot of faculty and staff were forced to take pay cuts in order to stay at the institution. In 1889 the school awarded what it considers to be the first Chemical Engineering degree in the country. In 1917, the school, having grown to more than 300 students, moved from 13th, the cornerstone of the new campus was laid in 1922. The new campus consisted of a building and the institutes first dorm, Deming Hall. Early life at Rose consisted of social fraternities, athletics, a popular high jinks involved the sophomore class inviting the freshmen class to a baseball game but were told to leave their pipes with the nurse. The freshmen would produce the pipes at a time and a brawl would ensue. During World War I Rose Poly trained students in subjects like vehicle maintenance. During World War II the ROTC unit was replaced with an Army Specialized Training Unit and students could enter and this enrollment schedule continued through the post-war years until 1951. A tank was located behind the sides of Moench Hall and Myers Hall as a reminder of Rose Polys war contributions. In recognition of the Hulman familys significant contributions and continued financial support, during the 1960s and 70s, growth accelerated under president John A. Logan. Five new residence halls, a new student union, library, permission was sought and received to increase the student population to 1000. The quarterly cryptology journal Cryptologia was founded and published at RHIT from 1977 to 1995, for most of its history, Rose–Hulman was a mens-only institution
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