1.
Columbia, Missouri
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Columbia /kəˈlʌmbiə/ is a city in the U. S. state of Missouri and the county seat of Boone County. Founded in 1818, it is home to the University of Missouri and is the city of the Columbia Metropolitan Area. It is Missouris fourth most-populous city, with a population of 119,108 in 2015. As a midwestern town, the city has a reputation for progressive politics, public art. At the center of Downtown is 8th Street, also known as the Avenue of the Columns, which connects Francis Quadrangle and Jesse Hall to the Boone County Courthouse, originally an agricultural town, the cultivation of the mind is Columbias chief economic concern today. Never a major center of manufacturing, the city depends on healthcare, insurance. Several companies, such as Shelter Insurance, Carfax, and Slackers CDs, cultural institutions include the State Historical Society of Missouri, the Museum of Art and Archaeology, and the annual True/False Film Festival. The Missouri Tigers, the only major college athletic program, play football at Faurot Field. The city is built upon the hills and rolling prairies of Mid-Missouri, near the Missouri River valley. Limestone forms bluffs and glades while rain carves caves and springs which water the Hinkson, Roche Perche, surrounding the city, Rock Bridge Memorial State Park, Mark Twain National Forest, and Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge all form a greenbelt preserving sensitive and rare environments. The first humans were hunters who entered the area at least twelve thousand years ago. Later, woodland tribes lived in villages along waterways and built mounds in high places, the Osage and Missouria nations were expelled by the exploration of French traders and the rapid settlement of American pioneers. German, Irish, and other European immigrants soon joined, the modern populace is unusually diverse, over eight percent foreign-born. While White and Black remain the largest ethnicities, Asians are now the third-largest group, todays Columbians are remarkably highly educated and culturally midwestern, though traces of their Southern past remain. The city has called the Athens of Missouri for its classic beauty and educational emphasis. The Columbia area was part of the Mississippian culture and home to the Mound Builders. When European explorers arrived, the area was populated by the Osage, in 1678, La Salle claimed all of Missouri for France. The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed by the area on the Missouri River in early June 1804, in 1806, two sons of Daniel Boone established a salt lick 40 miles northwest of Columbia
2.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
3.
Homecoming
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Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former students and celebrating a schools existence. It is a tradition in high schools and colleges in the United States, Canada. Homecoming is a tradition in the United States. People, towns, high schools, and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back alumni and former residents. It is built around an event, such as a banquet and, most often. When celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely, a dance commonly follows the game or the day following the game. When attached to a game, Homecoming traditionally occurs on the teams return from the longest road trip of the season. The game itself, whether it be football or another sport, the game is supposed to be an easy win and thus weaker schools will sometimes play lower division schools. The tradition of Homecoming has its origin in alumni football games held at colleges and universities since the 19th century, Many schools including Baylor, Southwestern, Illinois, and Missouri have made claims that theyve held the first modern homecoming. The NCAA, Trivial Pursuit, Jeopardy. and references from the American TV drama NCIS give the title to the University of Missouris 1911 football game during which alumni were encouraged to attend and it was the first annual homecoming centered on a parade and a football game. Along with the game, the celebration included a parade. The event was a success, with nearly 10,000 alumni coming home to part in the celebration and watch the Tigers. The Missouri annual homecoming, with its parade and spirit rally centered on a football game is the model that has gone on to take hold at colleges. At least two collegiate homecoming celebrations predate the University of Missouri football game homecoming event, Southwestern University, in Georgetown, TX and Baylor University, in Waco, TX. By multiple historical accounts, Southwestern held the first Homecoming on record on Wednesday, former students raised funds, provided homes, prepared and served a barbecue supper, and decorated the town buildings. Members of the senior class waited tables, northern Illinois University has one of the longest-celebrated homecoming traditions in the country. The alumni football game played on Oct.10,1903, baylors homecoming history dates back to November 1909 and included a parade, reunion parties and an afternoon football game, a tradition that continued and celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009. There was a gap between 1910 and 1915 when there was no homecoming event, however there has been continuity since 1915, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign claims to have first held a homecoming event in 1910, celebrating the 100th anniversary in 2010
4.
Lawrence, Kansas
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Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the state of Kansas and the county seat of Douglas County, Kansas. It is in northeastern Kansas next to Interstate 70, along the banks of the Kansas, as of the 2010 census, the citys population was 87,643. Lawrence is a town and the home to the University of Kansas. Lawrence was founded by the New England Emigrant Aid Company and was named for Amos Adams Lawrence who offered financial aid, Lawrence was central to the Bleeding Kansas era and was the site of the Wakarusa War, the sacking of Lawrence, and the Lawrence Massacre. Lawrence began as a center of Kansas politics, prior to Kansas Territory being opened to settlement in May 1854, most of Douglas County was part of the Shawnee Indian Reservation. The Oregon Trail followed the Kansas River through what would become Lawrence and Mount Oread was used as a landmark, dr. Charles Robinson and Charles Branscomb were sent by the New England Emigrant Aid Company to scout for a location for a city. They arrived in the vicinity of Lawrence in July 1854 and noted the beauty of the area, the original “pioneer party” left Massachusetts on July 17,1854 and consisted of 29 men. They arrived at the site Robinson and Branscomb selected on August 1, the second party arrived in Lawrence on September 9 after leaving near the end of August. The town was officially named Lawrence City on October 6, the main street of the town was named Massachusetts to commemorate the origins of the pioneer party. The first post office in Lawrence was established in January 1855, in March 1857, the Quincy School was started in the Emigrant Aid office before moving to the basement of the Unitarian Church in April. The Plymouth Congregational Church was started in September 1854 by Reverend S. Y, lum, a missionary sent to Kansas. Shortly after Lawrence’s founding, two newspapers were started, The Kansas Pioneer and the Herald of Freedom, both touted the Free State mission which caused problems from the people of Lecompton, then the pro-slavery headquarters, about ten miles northwest of Lawrence, and land squatters from Missouri. The Kansas Free State began in early January 1855, on November 21,1855, Charles Dow was shot and killed by Franklin Coleman in Hickory Point about fourteen miles south of Lawrence. Shortly after, an army of Missourians led by Douglas County Sheriff Samuel L. Jones entered Kansas to attack Lawrence. John Brown and James Lane had hustled Lawrence citizens into an army and erected barricades, a treaty was signed and the Missouri army reluctantly left. Harassment by Sheriff Jones and other Southern sympathizers continued unabated, the Herald of Freedom, the Kansas Free State and the Free State Hotel were indicted as “nuisances. ”On April 23,1856 Sheriff Jones was shot while trying to arrest free-state settlers. On May 21, Sheriff Jones and a posse of 800 Southern sympathizers converged on Lawrence, dr. Robinson’s house on Mount Oread was taken by the federal marshal as headquarters and the newspaper printing presses were damaged and thrown in the river. The Free State Hotel was also destroyed, despite the constant presence of impending war, Lawrence continued to grow
5.
Western Union
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The Western Union Company is an American financial services and communications company. Its North American headquarters is in Meridian, Colorado, though the designation of nearby Englewood is used in its mailing address. Up until it discontinued the service in 2006, Western Union was the best-known U. S. company in the business of exchanging telegrams, Western Union has several divisions, with products such as person-to-person money transfer, money orders, business payments and commercial services. They offered standard Cablegrams, as well as more products such as Candygrams, Dollygrams. Western Union, as a monopoly, dominated the telegraph industry in the late 19th century. It was the first communications empire and set a pattern for American-style communications businesses as they are known today, meanwhile, Ezra Cornell had bought back one of his bankrupt companies and renamed it the New York & Western Union Telegraph Company. Originally fierce competitors, by 1856 both groups were convinced that consolidation was their only alternative for progress. The merged company was named the Western Union Telegraph Company at Cornells insistence, Western Union bought out smaller companies rapidly, and by 1860 its lines reached from the East Coast to the Mississippi River, and from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River. In 1861 it opened the first transcontinental telegraph, in 1865 it formed the Russian–American Telegraph in an attempt to link America to Europe, via Alaska, into Siberia, to Moscow. The company enjoyed phenomenal growth during the few years. Under the leadership of presidents Jeptha Wade and William Orton its capitalization rose from $385,700 in 1858 to $41 million in 1876. However it was top-heavy with stock issues, and faced growing competition from several firms, in 1881 Gould took control of Western Union. It introduced the first stock ticker in 1866, and a time service in 1870. The next year,1871, the company introduced its money transfer service, in 1879, Western Union left the telephone business, having lost a patent lawsuit with Bell Telephone Company. As the telephone replaced the telegraph, money transfer would become its primary business, when the Dow Jones Transportation Average stock market index for the New York Stock Exchange was created in 1884, Western Union was one of the original eleven all-American companies tracked. By 1900, Western Union operated a million miles of telegraph lines, the company continued to grow, acquiring more than 500 smaller competitors. Its monopoly power was almost complete in 1943 when it bought Postal Telegraph, in 1914, Western Union offered the first charge card for consumers, in 1923 it introduced teletypewriters to join its branches. Singing telegrams followed in 1933, intercity fax in 1935, in 1958, it began offering Telex service to customers in New York City
6.
Kansas Jayhawks football
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The Kansas Jayhawks football program is the intercollegiate football program of the University of Kansas. The program is classified in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Bowl Subdivision, the head coach is David Beaty, who began his tenure in 2015. The programs first season was 1890, making it one of the football programs established in the United States. The teams home field is Memorial Stadium, which opened in 1921 and is the seventh-oldest college football stadium in the nation, until 2014, Memorial Stadium was one of the few football stadiums in Division I that had a track encircling the field. KUs all-time record is 581–620–58, as of the conclusion of the 2016 season, Kansas has appeared in twelve bowl games, including three trips to the Orange Bowl. Kansas played in the first NCAA-contracted nationally televised regular season football game on September 20,1952. The Big Eight was folded into the Big 12 in 1996, the most successful era for KU football was 1890 to 1932, when the program recorded two undefeated seasons and posted an overall.643 winning percentage.477. From 1969 through the 2016 season KUs winning percentage slipped further to.387, during the 2012 season, the programs all-time winning percentage fell below.500 for the first time since KU finished 1–2 in 1890. Nevertheless, even during these years, the team has had some successful seasons, winning the Orange Bowl in 2008. The University of Kansas fielded its first football team in 1890, Kansas traveled to nearby Baker University to play the first college football game in Kansas to start that season. After playing an abbreviated season in 1890, KU played its first full schedule in 1891 and immediately found success. In 1899, Hall-of-Famer Fielding H. Yost served one season as KUs football coach, posting the first perfect season in school history. After the turn of the century, Hall-of-Famer John Outland, who played at KU in 1895–1896, returned to Kansas to serve as head coach, the 1902 season featured the programs first game of its rivalry against Kansas State, a 16–0 Jayhawk win. The program had ten head coaches in its first 14 seasons, kennedys overall coaching record at Kansas was 52–9–4. This still ranks as the most wins for any Kansas head coach, KU has not had another undefeated season since 1908. Kennedys long tenure was followed by period of rapid turnover in coaches. The most successful of these was Herman Olcott, who had a tenure as head coach from 1915 to 1917. Basketball coach Phog Allen also served one year as head coach during this era
7.
Ralph W. Sherwin
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Ralph Waldo Sherwin was an American football player and coach. He played college football at Dartmouth College, playing left tackle and he served as the 14th head coach at the University of Kansas for a single season in 1911, compiling a record of 4–2–2. Sherwin was the coach of the visiting team in the first American football homecoming game. Ralph W. Sherwin at the College Football Data Warehouse
8.
Chester Brewer
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Chester Leland Brewer was an American football, basketball, baseball, and track and field coach and athletic director. From 1903 to 1910, and in 1917 and 1919, Brewer coached football at Michigan Agricultural College, from 1911 to 1913, he coached football at the University of Missouri, where he compiled a 14–8–2 record. During his years at the Missouri, Brewer fulfilled many roles and he was hired as athletic director in 1910 and wasted little time in leaving his mark at the university, as he was one of the founding members of the M Mens Club. He founded the club on the eve of the 1911 football game against Kansas, Brewer was also the coach of the 1911 baseball team, which had an 8–3 record. He assumed the leadership of the team a second time from 1914–1917. He remained at the Missouri until 1917 and at different periods also coached basketball, Brewer is also credited with beginning the homecoming tradition at the University of Missouri and the entire nation with the 1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game. Brewer left Missouri at the end of the 1917 school year to serve in World War I and he spent the next year directing training camp activities at universities around the country. He returned to Michigan Agricultural College after the war, in 1922, he coached football at the University Farm in Davis, California, where he compiled a 3–4–2 record. Brewer returned to Missouri in 1923 and was named athletic director and his second tenure as athletic director lasted until 1935. During these twelve years of leadership, he helped oversee the construction of Brewer Fieldhouse, Brewer also coached the Missouri Tigers baseball team one final time from 1933–1934 and finished with a 12–17 record. His final record as Missouris baseball coach was 69–32–3, Brewer remained with the university as a professor until his death. He died on April 16,1953 at the age of 77 in Columbia, list of college football head coaches with non-consecutive tenure Chester Brewer at the College Football Data Warehouse Chester Brewer at College Basketball at Sports-Reference. com
9.
1911 college football season
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The 1911 NCAA football season was the last one before major reforms were made to the American game in 1912. In 1911, touchdowns were worth five points, the field was 110 yards in length, although no team finished the season unbeaten and untied, the United States Naval Academy finished with a record of 6 wins and 3 ties. Two of the ties were 0-0 games with the other major teams, Penn State. Other teams that finished the season unbeaten were Minnesota and Florida, Vanderbilt beat visiting Centre College 45-0, in its first four games, Vandy had outscored its opposition 164-0. Carlisle beat Lafayette 19-0 At Philadelphia, Penn State beat Pennsylvania, army beat Lehigh 20-0 Georgetown beat St. Johns College of Maryland, 20-0. Princeton beat Holy Cross 20-0 Minnesota won at Iowa 24-6, Carlisle won its 8th game, 16-0 over Penn. Michigan and Syracuse played to a 6-6 tie, Georgia beat Clemson three days later at Augusta, 22-0 Florida beat visiting Columbia College 9-0 in a Friday game. Carlisle handed Harvard its second loss, winning 18-15 Navy beat West Virginia 32-0. Army was scored upon for the first time in six games, Chicago beat Cornell 6-0 Vanderbilt beat Ole Miss 21-0. Georgia beat Georgia Tech 5-0 Harvard beat Dartmouth 5-3, Minnesota beat Illinois 11-0 Chicago beat Wisconsin 5-0 Michigan and Nebraska 6-6 tie Carlisle won at Johns Hopkins, 29-6 Harvard and Yale played to 0-0 tie. Kansas travels to Missouri for a 3–3 tie in what is considered the first homecoming game. More than 1,000 people gathered in downtown Lawrence, Kansas, on Wednesday, November 29, in Savannah, Georgia and Auburn played to a 0-0 tie. Penn State won at Pittsburgh 3-0, to finish the season 8-0-1, Carlisle closed its season with a 12-6 win at Brown. The last five-point American football touchdown was scored on January 1,1912, in a game played in Havana, mississippi A&M College defeated the Club Atletico de Cuba, 12-0. The following is a incomplete list of conference standings, The consensus All-America team included, Rushing yards leader, Jim Thorpe, Carlisle,899 Rushing avg. leader
10.
Rock Chalk, Jayhawk
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Rock Chalk, Jayhawk is a chant used at University of Kansas Jayhawks sporting events. The chant is made up of the phrase Rock chalk, Jayhawk, the chant was first adopted by the universitys science club in 1886. Bailey and his colleagues were returning by train to Lawrence after a conference, during their travel, they discussed a need of a rousing yell. They came up with Rah, Rah, Jayhawk, Go KU and those responsible for the change are unknown, with Bailey himself crediting the geology department, and others an English professor. Kansas troops have used it in the Philippine-American War in 1899, the Boxer Rebellion, in the 1911 Border War football game, over 1,000 fans gathered in downtown Lawrence to listen to a broadcast of the game by telegraph and participated in cheers including the Rock Chalk. In the 1920 Summer Olympics, Albert I of Belgium asked for a typical American college yell, former United States President Theodore Roosevelt called the Rock Chalk chant, the greatest college chant he ever heard. It is best known as being loudly chanted at basketball games at Allen Fieldhouse, during pregame, the refrain of Rock chalk. KU, is repeated twice slowly, and then three times quickly and it is usually preceded by the Kansas alma mater Crimson and the Blue, and followed by the fight song, Im a Jayhawk. Since the early 1980s, Kansas fans have been known to do the slow repetition of Rock chalk, KU when the Jayhawks are believed to be safely ahead, and victory is guaranteed
