1.
1910 in Norway
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In 1910 Haakon VII serves his sixth year as King of Norway. On 1 February Wollert Konow takes over as Prime Minister after Gunnar Knudsen, the Parliament passes a resolution about universal suffrage for women in municipal elections on 30 April. In Finnmark the Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line opens this year, and the Bøkfjord Lighthouse outside Kirkenes is completed, the Norwegian Institute of Technology is opened in Trondheim, as well as the accociated Student Society in Trondheim. The factory Norsk Gjærde- og Metaldukfabrik is founded, also the Solør Line between Flisa and Elverum opens this year. Several of the most difficult summits in Norway are first ascended in 1910, the climbing of Stetind in Nordland by Bryn, Rubenson and Schjelderup is followed by the same groups first ascent of Svolværgeita and Trakta in the Lofoten archipelago. There are now 278 newspapers in Norway, among the new newspapers is Tidens Tegn, founded by Ola Thommessen, and the cultural magazine Kunst og Kultur is founded by Harry Fett and Haakon Shetelig. In February anarchist writer Hans Jæger dies, and Nobel Laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson dies in April, politicians Stousland, Sunde, Ullmann and Segelcke die this year. In January later Prime Minister Trygve Bratteli is born, and later government minister Jens Haugland is born in April, the popular comedian Leif Juster is born in February this year. Footballers and 1936 Olympic medalists Magnar Isaksen and Magdalon Monsen are born this year, as is illustrator Borghild Rud, professor of anatomy Alf Brodal, monarch – Haakon VII Prime Minister – Gunnar Knudsen, Wollert Konow 15 February – Norsk Gjærde- og Metaldukfabrik established. 30 April – The Parliament passes a resolution about universal suffrage for women in municipal elections,29 May – Nationalforeningen mot tuberkulose founded. 13 July – The railway line Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn opened,30 July – First ascent of Stetind, by Bryn, Rubenson and Schjelderup. 1 August – First ascent of Svolværgeita, by Bryn, Rubenson,3 August – First ascent of Trakta, by Bryn, Rubenson and Schjelderup. 15 September – Norwegian Institute of Technology is opened in Trondheim,4 December – The railway line from Flisa to Elverum opened. Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, Bøkfjord Lighthouse is established at the mouth of Bøkfjorden, outside Kirkenes. 5 April – First issue of the newspaper Fjordenes Tidende,5 May – First issue of the newspaper Tidens Tegn. The periodical Kunst og Kultur established,26 March – The sports club Grane SK is founded 29 May – The sports club Stenkjær FK founded 2 July – Norges Rigsforbund for Idræt is founded. Eidsvold TF founded Hornindal IL founded Mjøndalen IF founded Stjørdal IL founded IL Varden founded Vestfossen IF founded 10 January – Kitty Petrine Fredriksen,11 January – Trygve Bratteli, twice Prime Minister of Norway. 14 January – Chris Bruusgaard, midwife 18 January – Jens Henrik Nordlie,18 January – Oddmund Hoel, politician
2.
1909 in Norway
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Events in the year 1909 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII27 January - The Young Left is founded 27 November - The Bergen Line was opened, the 16 km line, part of the 80 km the Tinnoset Line, connects Mæl and Rjukan in Telemark. The line is operated by Norsk Hydro and its purpose is to transport fertilizer from the plant in Rjukan. The 1909 Parliamentary election takes place,27 October – Kjell Moe, international footballer. 1 November – Johannes Sandven, educator
3.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
4.
1912 in Norway
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Events in the year 1912 in Norway. This activity is today Yara International, the 1912 Parliamentary election took place. 17 February – Hans Mikal Solsem, politician 2 April – Eva Haalke,8 April – Sonja Henie, figure skater, three time Olympic gold medallist, World Champion and actress 10 April – Sally Olsen, social worker
5.
1913 in Norway
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Events in the year 1913 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Prime Minister - Jens Bratlie, then Gunnar Knudsen Female suffrage is enacted in Norway Municipal,5 October - Det Norske Teatrets first play. 29 July - Vålerengens IF was founded,13 January - Karl J.21 April - Arne Sæter, politician 25 April - Harald Noreng, literary researcher and lexicographer 11 May - Wilhelm Münter Rolfsen, lawyer. 12 May - Harry Johan Olai Klippenvåg, politician 12 May - Reidar Strømdahl, politician 22 May – Karsten Buer,5 July – Johannes Christiansen, politician 15 July – Thomas Vigner Christiansen Haaland, politician 26 July – Wilhelm Christopher Christophersen, diplomat 10 September – Haaken C
6.
Monarchy of Norway
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The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, the heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon. The crown prince undertakes various public functions, as does the kings wife. The crown prince also acts as regent in the kings absence, there are several other members of the Royal Family, including the kings daughter, grandchildren and siblings. Whilst the Constitution of Norway grants important executive powers to the King, formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgement, but parliamentary practice has been in place since 1884. Constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word King in most articles of the constitution from the king personally to the elected government. The powers vested in the monarch are significant, but are treated only as reserve powers, the King does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratifies laws and royal resolutions, receives and sends envoys from and to foreign countries and he has a more tangible influence as the symbol of national unity. The annual New Years Eve speech is one occasion when the King traditionally raises negative issues, the King is also Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. The King has no role in the Church of Norway. The position of King of Norway has been in existence since the unification of Norway in 872. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament and this gives the Norwegian monarchy the unique status of being a popularly elected royal family and receiving regular formal confirmations of support from the Storting. Prior to and in the phase of the Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. Harald Fairhair was the first king of Norway, the boundaries of Fairhairs kingdom were not identical to those of present-day Norway, and upon his death the kingship was shared among his sons. Some historians emphasise the actual control over the country and assert that Olaf II, alias Saint Olaf. Olaf is generally held to have been the force behind Norways final conversion to Christianity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak, the kingdom included Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, large castles such as Haakons Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built
7.
Haakon VII of Norway
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Haakon VII, known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was a Danish prince who became the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the union with Sweden. He reigned from November 1905 until his death in September 1957, as one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people. He played a role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the Nazi invasion. He became King of Norway before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark, during his reign, he saw his father, his brother and his nephew, Frederick IX, ascend the throne of Denmark, respectively in 1906,1912 and 1947. He died at the age of 85 on 21 September 1957 and he was succeeded by his only son, Olav V. Prince Carl of Denmark was the son of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Furthermore, he was a brother of Christian X, a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark. Prince Carl was born at Charlottenlund Palace near Copenhagen and he belonged to the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. The House of Oldenburg had been the Danish royal family since 1448, the house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glucksburg branch held their small fief. The family had permanent links with Norway beginning from the late Middle Ages, several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of independent Norway. Christian Frederick, who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, Prince Carl was raised in the royal household in Copenhagen and educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy. Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav, was born on 2 July 1903, gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely because he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. The new royal family of Norway left Denmark on the Danish royal yacht Dannebrog, at Oscarsborg Fortress, they boarded the Norwegian naval ship Heimdal. After a three-day journey, they arrived in Kristiania early on the morning of 25 November 1905, two days later, Haakon took the oath as Norways first independent king in 518 years. The coronation of Haakon and Maud took place in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 22 June 1906, King Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the Constitution of Norway vests the King with considerable executive powers, Haakon confined himself to non-partisan roles without interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. However, his long rule gave him moral authority as a symbol of the countrys unity. Haakon, Maud and Crown Prince Olav became interested in skiing and this sport is often viewed as typically Norwegian
8.
Roald Amundsen
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Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the Antarctic expedition of 1910–12 which was the first to reach the South Pole, in 1926, he was the first expedition leader for the air expedition to the North Pole. Amundsen is recognized as the first person, without dispute, as having reached both poles and he is also known as having the first expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage in the Arctic. In June 1928, while taking part in a mission for the airship Italia. Amundsen was a key leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, in the class of Douglas Mawson, Robert Falcon Scott. Amundsen was born to a family of Norwegian shipowners and captains in Borge and his parents were Jens Amundsen and Hanna Sahlqvist. Roald was the son in the family. His mother wanted him to avoid the family trade and encouraged him to become a doctor. He promptly quit university for a life at sea, Amundsen had hidden a lifelong desire inspired by Fridtjof Nansens crossing of Greenland in 1888 and Franklins lost expedition. He decided on a life of exploration of wilderness places. Amundsen joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition as first mate and this expedition, led by Adrien de Gerlache using the ship the RV Belgica, became the first expedition to winter in Antarctica. The Belgica, whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30′S off Alexander Island, the crew endured a winter for which they were poorly prepared. By Amundsens own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, the American Frederick Cook, probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat. In cases where citrus fruits are lacking, fresh meat from animals that make their own vitamin C contains enough of the vitamin to prevent scurvy and this was an important lesson for Amundsens future expeditions. In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to successfully traverse Canadas Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and he planned a small expedition of six men in a 45-ton fishing vessel, Gjøa, in order to have flexibility. His ship had relatively shallow draft and his technique was to use a small ship and hug the coast. Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a gasoline engine. They traveled via Baffin Bay, the Parry Channel and then south through Peel Sound, James Ross Strait, Simpson Strait and they spent two winters at King William Island in the harbor of what is today Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, Canada
9.
South Pole
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The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earths axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth, situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole should not be confused with the South Magnetic Pole, the South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere. For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the point of the two points where the Earths axis of rotation intersects its surface. However, the Earths axis of rotation is actually subject to very small wobbles, the geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When a longitude is desired, it may be given as 0°, at the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to grid north, along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and counterclockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole. The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica. It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres above sea level, and is located about 1,300 km from the nearest open sea at Bay of Whales. The ice is estimated to be about 2,700 metres thick at the Pole, the polar ice sheet is moving at a rate of roughly 10 metres per year in a direction between 37° and 40° west of grid north, down towards the Weddell Sea. Therefore, the position of the station and other artificial features relative to the geographic pole gradually shift over time. The Geographic South Pole is marked by a stake in the ice alongside a small sign, these are repositioned each year in a ceremony on New Years Day to compensate for the movement of the ice. The sign records the respective dates that Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott reached the Pole, followed by a quotation from each man. A new marker stake is designed and fabricated each year by staff at the site, the Ceremonial South Pole is an area set aside for photo opportunities at the South Pole Station. It is located around 180 metres from the Geographic South Pole, Amundsens Tent, The tent was erected by the Norwegian expedition led by Roald Amundsen on its arrival on 14 December 1911. It is currently buried beneath the snow and ice in the vicinity of the Pole and it has been designated a Historic Site or Monument, following a proposal by Norway to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica, with the very first being the Russian expedition led by Faddey Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The first landing was probably just over a year later when American Captain John Davis, the basic geography of the Antarctic coastline was not understood until the mid-to-late 19th century
10.
Norsk Hydro
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Norsk Hydro ASA is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo. Hydro is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide and it has operations in some 50 countries around the world and is active on all continents. The Norwegian state owns 43. 8% of the company through the Ministry of Trade, a further 6. 5% is owned by Folketrygdfond, which administers the Government Pension Fund of Norway. Norsk Hydro employs approximately 12,500 people, Svein Richard Brandtzæg has been the CEO since 2009. The company had a significant presence in the oil and gas industry until October 2007, the technology had been developed by the Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland. The method is known as the Birkeland–Eyde process. The process required large amounts of energy, and for this. Later also Rjukan Falls was developed and its power harnessed, in the establishing the city of Rjukan. Hydros first factory was built at Notodden followed up another at Rjukan. Then in 1912 production is established at Glomfjord in Nordland, in 1930 Norsk Hydro opened a plant at Herøya outside Porsgrunn. To begin with it was to function as a port for the fertilizer as well as a point to import limestone. From 1936 Hydro also started producing fertilizer at Herøya, there was also opened a railway, Rjukanbanen, connecting Rjukan with Hærøy. The railway opened in 1909 and consisted of a ferry across Lake Tinn, railway again with the Tinnoset Line. The canal was superseded by the Bratsberg Line in 1916, by 1945, IG Farben had become a majority shareholder in Norsk Hydro. The plant at Herøya was a result of no longer being dependent on immediate proximity to the power sources. This provided the advantage of being able to have the plants, the first steps towards light metal production came in 1940 when Hydro started construction of a magnesium carbonate plant at Herøya, but the German invasion of Norway stopped the plans. In 1941 the Oslo Consortium invested money equivalent to year 2014 Norwegian kroner 172 million, collaboration with the Nazi-German regime, did not result in any company employees being convicted after the war. During the Second World War Norsk Hydro collaborated with IG Farben, the construction was however ended on July 24,1943 when an allied bombardment completely destroyed the facilities, killing 55 construction workers
11.
Rjukan
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Rjukan is a town and the administrative centre of Tinn municipality in Telemark, Norway. It is situated in Vestfjorddalen, between Møsvatn and Lake Tinn, and got its name after Rjukan Falls west of the town, the Tinn municipality council granted township status for Rjukan in 1996. Rjukan was formerly a significant industrial centre in Telemark, and the town was established between 1905 and 1916, when Norsk Hydro started saltpetre production there, Rjukan was chosen because Rjukan Falls, a 104-metre waterfall, provided easy means of generating large quantities of electricity. The man with the idea to use the Rjukan falls was Sam Eyde, in 1934 Norsk Hydro built what was at the time the worlds largest power plant at Vemork in Rjukan, and with it a hydrogen plant. A by-product of hydrogen production via water electrolysis was heavy water and it was the later Nobel prize winner Odd Hassel who told Norsk Hydro that they were in fact producing heavy water. The Norsk Hydro was run by the Germans during World War II, and later sabotaged multiple times by the Norwegian resistance movement, after 1960, most of the saltpetre production in Rjukan was transferred to Norsk Hydro factories at Herøya in Porsgrunn. Some industry is present in Rjukan, among them Scan Alloys. Rjukan has a history of tourism. Tourists have come to the valley for over a century. Rjukan Falls is a landmark in Norway, and has been portrayed by several famous artists. The area has good terrain for skiing, and the town is a starting point for hiking on the Hardangervidda plateau. In the 1860s, Krokan by the Rjukan waterfall was Norwegian Mountain Touring Associations first hut, after the waterfall was harnessed for hydro power production the hut was sold. Today it is re-opened, situated by the road from Rjukan to Vinje. In later years Rjukan has become famous for its ice climbing possibilities, the season is long, from November to April and the waterfalls are many and varied. Between September and March, Rjukan lies in the shadow of the mountains, in 2013, at a cost of 5 million Norwegian kroner, large mirrors were placed on the mountainside to reflect the sun to illuminate the town square
12.
Notodden
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Notodden is a city and municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is part of the region of Øst-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Notodden, Notodden was separated from the municipality of Heddal in 1913 to become a separate city and municipality. On 1 January 1964, the municipalities of Heddal and Gransherad were merged into Notodden to form a new enlarged municipality. Notodden is on the shore of Heddalsvatnet lake, and the Tinn River runs through the town into the lake, norways biggest stave church, Heddal stave church, can be seen a few kilometres from the city centre. Notodden Airport, Tuven, is located west of the city centre, Norsk Hydro was founded in this town. Notodden is well known for the annual Notodden Blues Festival, which is considered one of the best blues festivals in Europe and it also has a well-known metal festival called Motstøy Festivalen. The football club Notodden FK is headquartered here, the first element of the name is not which means to fish using a seine and the last element is the finite form of odde meaning headland. Thus the general meaning of the name is the fishing place, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 11 August 1939, the arms show a silver-colored river and four lightning strikes. One of the first hydroelectric stations in Norway was established in the late 19th century at the Tinnfoss waterfall on the Tinn River. In 2008, Notodden city council decided to end the twin city agreements with Ilisalmi, Nyköping, at the same time Suwałki was approved as a new twin city. Composer Klaus Egge, born 1906 in Gransherad, also lived in Notodden, olympic gold medalist Ådne Søndrål was born in Notodden. American blues musician Seasick Steve, who is achieving fame in the United Kingdom, Norwegian blues musician Margit Bakken and painter and author Tor-Arne Moen also live in Notodden. One of the most influential Norwegian black metal bands, Emperor, came from Notodden, as does Mortiis, Peccatum, Star of ash, Leprous, emperors singer, Ihsahn, still resides in Notodden. Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway Notodden travel guide from Wikivoyage Notodden on Flickr 1908 in Notodden, Of course the workers must have houses, from Norsk Hydro
13.
Polheim
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Polheim was Roald Amundsens name for his camp at the South Pole. He arrived there on December 14,1911, along with four members of his expedition, Helmer Hanssen, Olav Bjaaland, Oscar Wisting. At the first estimated position of the South Pole, Amundsen declared So we plant you, dear flag, on the South Pole, both the Norwegian and Frams flag were planted. Approaching the Geographic South Pole the meridians of longitude converge, eventually making a measure of longitude meaningless, at the pole itself, assuming one has accurate enough instruments, all meridians meet. Amundsen reasoned that the effort in obtaining longitude could be saved. Amundsen had adopted this strategy after attending a lecture at The Royal Geographical Society in London in November 1909, given by the British astronomer and geographer, Arthur Robert Hinks. In his lecture on Surveying and Cartography at Cambridge University, Hinks put forward this theory when discussing the subject of determining positions near the Pole, with the instruments he had, Amundsen estimated that he could determine the position of the pole by no better than a nautical mile. In order to ensure there was no doubt that his expedition had in fact reached the South Pole, he determined to encircle. Three members of the expedition were sent out from the current estimated position of the pole, one continuing on the current expedition track, each skier continued 10 miles and erected a spare sledge runner with a black flag and note for Robert Falcon Scott when and if he arrived. Scott did not arrive until more than a month later, the note contained the position to Amundsens camp. While the skiers erected the encircling markers, Amundsen took altitudes of the sun for fixing his position, since his theodolite had been damaged, observations were made with a sextant, the sun slowly circling the camp in 24 hours, and never setting. From these calculations, Amundsen determined that their current position was approximately 5.5 miles from the mathematical South Pole point and this point had been boxed by the skiers. Again, this was to ensure there was no doubt as to the expedition attaining the pole. Four out of the five men in the party were trained navigators. From these calculations, it was determined that they were still 1.5 miles from the pole, finally, Amundsen added still more pennants to cover the remaining area. In this way, the pole had been boxed three times all told, the official expedition camera had been damaged en route to the pole, so the only photographs taken were from an amateur camera brought by expedition member Olav Bjaaland. Both letters were found with the bodies of Scott and his companions. When Amundsens calculations were verified, it was found that his final camp lay within 2.3 km of the mathematical South Pole, the tent has not been seen since Scotts party left it in January 1912
14.
Molde FK
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Molde Fotballklubb is a football club from Molde, Norway, that currently plays in the Tippeligaen, the Norwegian top division. Founded on 19 June 1911, Molde was originally known as International, Molde are three-time league champions and four-time Norwegian Cup winners, and have finished 2nd in the league a further seven times. Molde is one of only two Norwegian clubs to have participated in the UEFA Champions League and its home matches are played at Aker Stadion, which has a maximum capacity of 11,800. The stadium was inaugurated in 1998, and was a gift from the local businessmen Kjell Inge Røkke, the club was formerly based at Molde stadion, which hosted the clubs record attendance of 14,615. Moldes supporter club is called Tornekrattet and were started after the 1994 Cup Final victory, until the beginning of the 1970s, the club mainly played in local lower division leagues, except for a short visit in the Hovedserien in the 1957–58 season. In 1974 Molde was back in the top division and finished second in the league, Molde also finished second in the league in 1987, when the club lost the championship to Moss in the decisive match of the season. The club was the first professional club of former Manchester United player Ole Gunnar Solskjær, in his first season as manager, which also was the clubs centenary season, Molde won the league championship for the first time. The next season Solskjær and Molde retained the championship, Today the club has approximately 900 members and around 55 teams in three departments. Molde FK was founded on 19 June 1911 by a group gathered by Klaus Daae Andersen, the same year, on 5 August, the club played its first competitive match. The match away against Kristiansund ended 2–2, the rising interest and activity in football in neighbouring towns caused the club to change its name to Molde Fotballklubb in 1915. Jan Fuglset, Torkild Brakstad, and Harry Hestad, amongst others, the club played in local lower leagues, except for a short visit to the top division in the 1957–58 season. In 1970, Molde was promoted to the tier and played there for three seasons until its promotion to the First Division with a 5–1 win against Sogndal Fotball in Sogndal on 16 September 1973. Molde shocked the clubs in their first season of the Norwegian First Division. Before the last match, Molde would win the league if they beat Sarpsborg, both Molde and Viking won their last match, so Molde won the silver medals, one point behind Viking. Since then, Molde has generally stayed in the top division and has one of the nations leading clubs. The club has produced a number of national team players. Between 1978 and 1984, Molde did not play on the level in two consecutive years. Molde was relegated from the First Division in every even-numbered year, in fact, Molde and Brann did not play at the same level these years, as Brann were promoted when Molde was relegated and the other way around
15.
Olav Duun
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Olav Duun was a noteworthy author of Norwegian fiction. He is generally recognized to be one of the outstanding writers in Norwegian literature. He once lacked only one vote to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, Duun was born in the traditional district Ytre Namdal, on Jøa an island in the Namsen Fjord in Fosnes municipality, Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. His parents were Johannes Antonius Duun and Ellen Duun, Olav Duun was born Ole Johannesen Raaby. Duun was the oldest in a family of eight siblings, during his years as a boy his family lived at several farms on the island, the last one being Duun. He adopted the last name Duun when he left the island to start his training as a teacher and he attended the state school at Trøndelag. In 1901, Duun took a position as a teacher at Levanger in Nord-Trøndelag county. He completed the graduate teacher examination in 1904, in 1908, he was hired by the Ramberg school at Botne in Vestfold, where he combined teaching profession with writing poetry. He worked as a teacher in Holmestrand until 1927, at the age of fifty, he retired in order to devote his time to writing. Duun was known as one of the writers of 20th-century Norwegian fiction. He stands as a synthesis of the Norwegian folk spirit. Duun wrote in Landsmål, an amalgam of peasant dialects that developed into Nynorsk, in the period 1907-38 he published 25 novels, four short story collections and two childrens books. Many of his books incorporate the dialects of his subjects, peasants, fishermen and his novels analyze the psychological and spiritual characteristics of rural, peasant life. The most notable works are his six volume, The People of Juvik and this work was translated into English and published as, The Trough of the Waves, The Blind Man, The Big Wedding, Odin in Fairyland, Odin Grows Up and Storm. Olav and Emma Duuns House is the residence of Olav Duun and his wife Emma. There is a library containing manuscripts, letters, and other related to the writing career of Olav Duun. The first floor is at the disposal of recipients of the Duun Scholarship, in the garden, a memorial park has been constructed containing commemorative rocks with lyrical quotes from Olav Duun’s poems. The address is 20 Olav Duun Street
16.
1990 in Norway
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Events in the year 1990 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Jan P.8 April - Passenger Ferry MS Scandinavian Star catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark,159 people are killed in the event. 15 April - Miss Norway Mona Grudt is crowned Miss Universe in Los Angeles,3 November - Gro Harlem Brundtland becomes Prime Minister of Norway for the third time Brundtlands Third Cabinet was appointed. Population Census,4,247,546 inhabitants in Norway,22 February - Scott Winkler, ice hockey player 1 January - Ingvald Bjerke, boxer 2 February – Sigbjørn Bernhoft Osa, folk musician, fiddler
17.
1998 in Norway
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Events in the year 1998 in Norway. 7 October - Operations cease at Oslo Airport, Fornebu 8 October - The main airport serving Oslo is moved from the Fornebu airport to the all-new Gardermoen airport,17 December - Martin Ødegaard, footballer 8 January – Audun Hetland, illustrator. Sandsdalen, farmer, journalist, poet, novelist, playwright,18 July – Lars Mathias Hille Esmark, civil servant and business person in the tourist industry. 19 July - Rune Nilsen, triple jumper 26 July – Olav Bø,10 December - Trygve Haugeland, politician and Minister 31 December - Erling Norvik, politician Øystein Elgarøy, astronomer Yngvar Løchen, sociologist
18.
1989 in Norway
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Events in the year 1989 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland until 16 October, Jan P. Syse 30 March – The Oseberg oil field,1 June – Pope John Paul II visited Norway for the first time. This was the first time a pope has ever visited Norway,9 May - the ban on Skateboarding in Norway, which was in act since 1978, is removed. 7 July – The opening of the Atlanterhavsveien Road,8 September – A Norwegian passenger plane crashed outside Hirtshals. All the 55 on board died,11 September – The 1989 Parliamentary election takes place. 9 October – The opening of the Sami Parliament of Norway,16 October – Gro Harlem Brundtland resigns, with her cabinet, as Prime Minister of Norway for the second time. 16 October – Syses Cabinet was appointed,3 November - Torgeir Bryn becomes the first Norwegian to play in the NBA, when he played 2 minutes for the Los Angeles Clippers against Houston Rockets
19.
2001 in Norway
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Events in the year 2001 in Norway. Monarch – Harald V Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg until 19 October, Kjell Magne Bondevik 26 January, marches take place simultaneously all over Norway. 25 March – The Schengen Agreement treaty comes into force in Norway,18 June - The state-owned oil and gas company Statoil is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. August – The Bratsberg Line in Nedre Telemark closes down,25 August – Wedding of Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, and Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby. 10 September – The 2001 Parliamentary election takes place, the Labour Party won a plurality of votes and seats, closely followed by the Conservative Party. 19 October – Bondeviks Second Cabinet was appointed,3 November – Population Census,4,520,900 inhabitants in Norway. 17 November – Eurasian harvest mouse is observed in Norway for the first time, haave, politician 14 June – Andreas Wormdahl, politician 2 July – Fredrik Stabel, illustrator and satirical writer. 18 November – Roar Hauglid, art historian,1 December – Olav Mosebekk, illustrator and painter
20.
Charles Mathiesen
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Charles Mathiesen was a speed skater who was active from 1930 to 1948. Mathiesen was born in Drammen, Norway, skating for Drammens Skøyteklubb, Charles Mathiesen made his international debut in 1933, finishing eighth at the World Allround Championships. The following year, Mathiesen won his first medal when he took the silver at the Norwegian Allround Championships behind Michael Staksrud, the season after winning his first medal, Mathiesen participated in the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and became Olympic Champion on the 1,500 m. He skated a new Olympic record on that distance, but did not beat the record set by Oscar Mathisen 22 year earlier. Two years later, though, he did skate a world record on the 10,000 m, Mathiesen probably would have won more medals if it had not been for World War II. As a result of war, the European Allround Championships were not held in the years 1940-1945. In fact, Mathiesen proved that he was at the top immediately before the war. In those same years, he won his last two silver medals at the Norwegian Allround Championships. Mathiesen has an Adelskalender score of 189.345 points and his highest ranking on the Adelskalender was a second place. Charles Mathiesen at SpeedSkatingStats. com Evert Stenlunds Adelskalender pages
21.
1994 in Norway
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Events in the year 1994 in Norway. 28–29 September - Torp hostage crisis, Two Swedish robbers took two officers and two pensioners as hostages at the Sandefjord Airport, Torp. The police freed the hostages and killed one of the hostage takers and it is the only incident in peace time that a Norwegian police chief has given the orders to shoot to kill. 28 November - Norway votes no to EU.8 December - The Hitra Tunnel subsea road tunnel is opened, at the time of its opening, it was the worlds deepest undersea tunnel 12–27 February – The 1994 Winter Olympics is held in Lillehammer. 1 January – Emilie Hegh Arntzen, handball player,7 April – Maria Therese Tviberg, alpine skier. 6 January – Per Palle Storm, sculptor,28 April - Olav Nordrå, writer 29 April – Kaleb Nytrøen, police officer
22.
2004 in Norway
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Events in the year 2004 in Norway. 19 January – The freighter MS Rocknes capsizes in Vatlestraumen,26 March – Norsk Hydros fertilizer business was spun off as a separately stock-listed company under the name of Yara International. 4 April – NOKAS robbery, the NOKAS teller central in Stavanger was robbed, the outcome of the robbery was approximately NOK57,4 million, making it the largest robbery in Norwegian history. A policeman was shot and killed during the robbery,15 June – The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training is created. 20 June – The first edition of Skolelinux is released,22 August – Armed robbers steal Edvard Munchs The Scream, Madonna, and other paintings from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway. 6 March – Selection of the participant for Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004,20 July – Maria Mena performs Youre the Only One on Late Show with David Letterman. 21 January – Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway, the daughter of Crown Prince Haakon of Norway,13 January – Arne Næss, Jr
23.
1975 in Norway
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Events in the year 1975 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli 1 January - Advertising of alcohol, NRK started television broadcasts in color. Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, July 29 to August 7 - 14th World Scout Jamboree, Lillehammer Stein Mehren, poet, novelist, essayist and playwright, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize. 9 January – Rolf Bae, mountaineer 12 March – Cecilie Leganger,27 July - Kristian Welhaven, chief of the Oslo police force 1927-195410 August – Andreas Backer, journalist and organizational leader
24.
1993 in Norway
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Events in the year 1993 in Norway. Monarch - Harald V Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland 30 April - Norways registered partnership civil union law is passed. 1 August - Norways registered partnership civil union law comes into effect, granting same-sex couples the rights as married couples. 10 August - Black metal musician Varg Vikernes murders Euronymous, another black metal musician, Vikernes gets sentenced to 21 years in prison. 13 September – The 1993 Parliamentary election takes place, the Labour Party won a plurality of seats, and Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland remained in office. 11 October - The Norwegian publisher William Nygaard was shot three times outside his home in Dagaliveien in Oslo, the assassination attempt was most likely committed by Islamic fundamentalists whom wanted to kill him for publishing the Norwegian edition of Salman Rushdies novel The Satanic Verses. Alta Museum receives the European Museum of the Year Award
25.
2008 in Norway
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Monarch, Harald V Prime Minister, Jens Stoltenberg January 1 – The Agency for Public Management and eGovernment is established. January 1 – Nordic Battlegroup consisting of forces from Sweden, Finland, Norway, Republic of Ireland. January 1 – Mercury becomes banned from use in Norway, January 11 – Norwegian police announce that they have arrested a 55-year-old man suspected of being the sexual predator known as The Pocket Man. 13 January – A school in Lørenskog is closed after threats of a school shooting came from a video on YouTube, a 15-year-old was arrested for the threat. January 21 – The OBX Index drops 6. 4%, then the second biggest fall since August 1991, February 21 – An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the moment magnitude scale hits Svalbard. This oblique-slip shock had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IV and was the strongest earthquake ever to hit Norway, February 23 – The 8 km Eiksund Tunnel near Volda in Møre og Romsdal is opened. February 26 – The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is officially opened,28 February – Three people were arrested in Oslo, accused of having participated in the financing of terrorist acts abroad. February 29 – Anniken Huitfeldt is appointed Minister of Children and Equality, March 1 – Austrian Matthias Lanzinger collides with a gate during a World Cup Super-G run at Kvitfjell, resulting in injuries that lead to his left leg being amputated below the knee two days later. 28 March – Norway recognizes Kosovo as an independent state,12 April – Official opening of the Oslo Opera House. 15 May – Ingeborg Synnøve Midtømme is appointed bishop of the diocese of Møre, june 11 – Norway legalises same-sex marriage. September 9 – The OBX Index drops 5. 57%, then the fourth biggest drop ever. September 29 – In conjunction with the liquidity crisis the index of Oslo Stock Exchange drops 8. 3%, then its third largest drop ever in one day. October 6 – The OBX Index drops 9. 71%, the third largest drop ever in one day, October 8 – The OBX Index drops 6. Author Stig Sæterbakken resigns as the content director in protest over the decision. October 15 – The OBX Index drops 8. 81% October 24 – The OBX Index drops 9, March 29– The Norwegian Premier League 2008 kicks off, lasting through November 2. November 2– The Norwegian Premier League 2008 ends, september 29 – Emma Tallulah Behn, the daughter of Princess Märtha Louise of Norway and Ari Behn. December 15 – Anne-Catharina Vestly, childrens author December 27 – Arild Andresen, footballer and ice hockey player
26.
Reidar Andersen
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Reidar Andersen was a Norwegian ski jumper who competed in the 1930s. He won a ski jumping bronze at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in addition, he won ski jumping silver medals at the 1930,1935, and 1937 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Andersen won the Holmenkollen ski festivals ski jumping competition in 1936,1937, and 1938. In 1938, Andersen shared the Holmenkollen medal with fellow Norwegian Johan R. Henriksen
27.
1991 in Norway
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Events in the year 1991 in Norway. Monarch – Olav V – until his death on January 17, then Harald V Prime Minister – Gro Harlem Brundtland 17 January – Olav V, municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. 5 April – Nora Mørk, handball player,25 July – Amanda Kurtović, handball player. 17 January – Olav V of Norway, King of Norway 17 January – Alf Sanengen, resistance member, chemist, research administrator 25 January – Per Gjelten, Nordic skier. 5 February – Torgeir Andersen, politician 5 February – Tora Øyna, politician 7 February – Arne Randers Heen,17 May – Lars LAbée-Lund, police
28.
1988 in Norway
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Events in the year 1988 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland May 6 – Widerøe Flight 710, february 23 - Edvard Munchs painting Vampire was stolen from the Munch Museum in Oslo. July – Seal hunting inspector Odd F. Lindberg submits a highly critical report on the conditions of the hunt, with the national and international attention that follows this becomes arguably the biggest news story in Norway this year. August 15 –15 people are killed in the Måbødalen bus accident, august 21 - The Stolen Munch painting Vampire is retrieved. December 5 - TVNorge, the first advertising-supported Norwegian channel, begins its broadcasting, june 26 - Leonard Cohen concert at Kalvøya, Bærum. 12 April - Tone Damli Aaberge, singer,17 April - Pernille Wibe, team handball player
