1.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
2.
Fielding H. Yost
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Fielding Harris Yost was an American football player and coach and college athletics administrator. During his 25 seasons as the football coach in Ann Arbor, Yosts Michigan Wolverines won six national championships, captured ten Big Ten Conference titles. From 1901 to 1905, his Point-a-Minute squads went 55–1–1, outscoring their opponents by a margin of 2,821 to 42, the 1901 team beat Stanford, 49–0, in the 1902 Rose Bowl, the first college football bowl game ever played. Under Yost, Michigan won four national championships from 1901 to 1904. In 1921, Yost became Michigans athletic director and served in capacity until 1940. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951, Yost was also a successful business person, lawyer, and author, but he is best known as a leading figure in pioneering the development of college football into a national phenomenon. Yost was born in Fairview, West Virginia, in April 1871, Yosts family had settled in West Virginia, in 1925. He was the oldest of four children of Parmenus Wesley Yost and Elzena Jane Yost and his father was a farmer and Confederate veteran. His family had been in Fairview since 1825 when his great, great grandfather, David Yost, settled there, Yost was educated in the local schools and became a deputy marshal in Fairview as a teenager. At seventeen, he got a teaching certificate. Yost began his education at Fairmont Normal School in Fairmont. He then taught school at Patterson Creek, West Virginia, during the 1889–90 school year, Yost next enrolled at Ohio Normal School. Yost played for the Ohio Normal baseball team, after three years at Ohio Normal, Yost returned to West Virginia to work in the oil fields. In 1895, Yost enrolled at West Virginia University where he studied law and he also played football for West Virginia University football team. A 6-foot,200 pounder, Yost was a standout at tackle at West Virginia into the 1896 season and he transferred in mid-season to join Coach Parke H. Daviss national championship team at Lafayette. Just a week playing against Davis in West Virginia, Yost was playing for Davis in Lafayettes historic 6–4 win over the Penn Quakers. The fortuitous timing of Yosts appearance on the Lafayette roster did not go unnoticed by Penn officials and they called it the Yost affair. The Philadelphia Ledger quoted Yost as saying that he came to Lafayette only to play football, the fact that Yost appeared in a Lafayette uniform only once, in the Penn game, and that he returned to West Virginia within two weeks of the contest did not help appearances
3.
John Maulbetsch
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Johnny Maulbetsch was an All-American football halfback at Adrian College in 1911 and for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1914 to 1916. He is also a member of the College Football Hall of Fame, Maulbetsch became known as the Human Bullet because of his unusual low, line-plunging style of play, and was also known as the Featherweight Fullback because of his light weight and small size. After his performance against Harvard in 1914, in some reports indicated he gained more than 300 yards, eastern writers, including Damon Runyan. Maulbetsch was also selected by Walter Camp to his All-American team, in 1915, Maulbetsch underwent surgery for appendicitis and did not perform to the same level as he had in 1914. He made a comeback as a senior in 1916 and was one of the leading players in college football. Between 1917 and 1920, Maulbetsch was the football coach at Phillips University. Maulbetsch quickly turned Phillips into one of the top programs in the southwest, as his teams beat Oklahoma and Texas, Maulbetsch was later the football coach at Oklahoma A&M and Marshall College in the 1920s. Maulbetsch was born and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan and he attended Ann Arbor High School where he led the football team to consecutive state championships in 1908 and 1909. One account of the 1908 playoffs noted, Ann Arbors smashing play in the first half was due to Maulbetsch, Ann Arbors fullback. He clearly outshone his team mates, after graduating from high school, Maulbetsch joined the Ann Arbor Independents, a football team made up of Michigan varsity eligibles and townies. Maulbetsch was once called upon to drive across the goal line for the Independents in a game in which a large crowd, including a farmer with his plow-horse. Head down and legs working like piston rods, Maulbetsch plowed ahead until head struck the plow horse amidships, down went the horse Mauly on top of him. Maulbetsch started his football career at age 21, leading Adrian College to an 8–0 record in 1911. Maulbetschs performance drew the attention of Michigan Coach Fielding H. Yost, after watching Maulbetsch dominate Michigans freshman team, Yost concluded, If I could get that kid into Michigan and keep him up in his studies I’d make an All-American place for him his first year. Yost persuaded Maulbetsch to transfer, and he played with the scrubs in 1912, Yost told the press at the time he had another Heston in Maulbetsch. Maulbetsch did not play for the varsity team until the fall of 1914 when he was 24 years old, before the season began, Maulbetsch was touted as one of the fastest halfbacks who ever donned moleskins. He weighs 155 pounds, is low, has a powerful pair of shoulders. Another pre-season account said he was a wonder as a line plunger, from the outset, considerable attention was paid to his unusual running style
4.
William D. Cochran
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William Duscharme Pink Cheeks Cochran was an American football player. He played guard and tackle for the University of Michigan from 1913 to 1915 and he was a first-team All-Western lineman and the captain of Michigans 1915 football team. He later operated a freight trucking line based in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and he also served as a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis from 1936 to 1950, including five years as the Deputy Chairman from 1946 to 1950. A native of Houghton in Michigans Upper Peninsula, Cochran played football at Houghton High School and was the Upper Peninsula shot put and he enrolled at the University of Michigan as a student in the College of Pharmacy. While at Michigan, Cochran played as a tackle or guard in every game for Fielding H. Yosts Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1913 to 1915 and he was known among his teammates by the nickname Pink Cheeks. Playing at the position, Cochran established himself as one of the stars of the 1914 Michigan Wolverines football team. The authors of Spaldings Official Foot Ball Guide dubbed Cochran one of the three stars of the 1914 Michigan team, Michigan has two stars in Capt. Raynsford, at center, and Cochran, at tackle. Both big, powerful men, they had the real foot ball intuition, at the end of the 1914 season, Cochran was unanimously elected as the captain of the 1915 Michigan Wolverines football team. Upon his election as captain, The Michigan Alumnus reported, Michigans new captain starred on defense all during the season just past, Cochran was also selected as a 1914 first-team All-Western player by Walter Eckersall in the Chicago Daily Tribune. In January 1915, newspapers across the country ran a story about the Michigan football captains inability to defeat his father in a wrestling match, according to the story, Cochran had long hoped to be stout enough to throw his father in a wrestling match. During his senior year, Cochran was 5 feet,8 inches tall, Cochran has increased many pounds in weight since the fall of 1914, and his additional avoirdupois is to be made use of next to the lighter Howe, who will probably play center. Cochran credited ginger ale as the secret to his weight gain, Cochran also participated in ice hockey and track at Michigan. After graduating from Michigan, Cochran returned to the Upper Peninsula and he was the owner of William D. Cochran Freight Lines in Iron Mountain, Michigan, and he also served a director of the Commercial Bank. In 1936, he acquired a motor freight line in Minnesota, extending his operations into Ontonagon, Rockland, Calumet, in June 1936, he was also named a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. He served for eight years as a Class C director of the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank before being appointed the Deputy Chairman in 1946 and he served as the Deputy Chairman for five years from 1946 to 1950. In 1998, Cochran was inducted into the Upper Peninsula Sports Hall of Fame
5.
Ferry Field
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Ferry Field is a multi-purpose stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It opened in 1906 and was home to the Michigan Wolverines football team prior to the Michigan Stadium opening in 1927 and it had a capacity of 46,000. After football moved to Michigan Stadium, Ferry Field was converted to an outdoor track, Michigan Athletic Director Charles A. Baird improved the universitys athletic fields and was responsible for the construction of Ferry Field to replace the outdated Regents Field. In 1902, Detroit businessman Dexter M. Ferry purchased and donated 20 acres north of Regents Field for use in constructing a new athletic facility, Baird began by constructing new bleacher seating for 6,000 adjacent to the existing grandstand. One thousand circus seats were also installed, in November 1902, a Thanksgiving Day game against the University of Minnesota was held at Ferry Field with 10,000 spectators in attendance. By 1906, the new Ferry Field with seating for 18,000 spectators was opened, the facility included a brick wall and ornamental gate with ten ticket windows. The gateway was designed by Albert Kahn Architects of Detroit and constructed at a cost of over $10,000, in the 1890s, a $3.00 membership granted students admission to all athletic events. By 1904, an admission ticket for a big game cost as much as $3.00. With a seating capacity of 18,000, Bairds athletic department could generate $50,000 in revenue from a single game. When Ferry Field was completed, Baird expressed his pride in the facility, Speaking of the field, with the completion of the operations we are making the total expenditure for permanent improvement of the field will cost $150,000. On it we have a gridiron for practice, another where the old field was, and the splendid new one, drained, leveled, sodded, surrounded by a concrete wall
6.
1914 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1914 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1914 college football season. In their 14th season under head coach Fielding H. Yost and they then lost three of the final four games to finish with a 6–3 record. Michigan halfback John Maulbetsch was a consensus selection for the 1914 College Football All-America Team. Two other Michigan players, center James Raynsford and quarterback Tommy Hughitt, were named to Outing magazines Football Roll of Honor, Raynsford was the team captain, and Hughitt was selected as the teams most valuable player. Michigan opened the 1914 season with a 58-0 victory over DePauw, Lawrence Splawn ran for two touchdowns, drop-kicked a field goal from the 27-yard line, and averaged 55 yards on three punts. Quarterback Tommy Hughitt threw touchdown pass to John Lyons,20 yards in the air with Lyons running another 35 yards for the touchdown, in all, Michigan scored eight touchdowns, two each by Splawn, John Maulbetsch, and Hughitt, and one each by Lyons and Cohn. On October 3,1914, Michigan defeated Case by a 69 to 0 score, the game was played in 10-minute quarters at Ferry Field. Michigans touchdowns were scored by Lawrence Roehm, John Maulbetsch, James Catlett, Tommy Hughitt, Hughitt also kicked nine points after touchdown. On Wednesday, October 7,1914, Michigan defeated Mt, Lawrence Splawn scored a touchdown and kicked two field goals. On October 10,1914, Michigan defeated Vanderbilt 23 to 3 at Ferry Field, Michigan scored on two touchdowns by John Maulbetsch, a touchdown and points after touchdown by Tommy Hughitt, and a field goal by Lawrence Splawn. On October 17,1914, Michigan won a game over Michigan Agricultural College by 3-0 score at College Field in East Lansing. Michigan quarterback Tommy Hughitt sustained an elbow and was believed at the time to be lost for the remainder of the season. He ended up missing the following game against Syracuse but returned for the Harvard game. After winning its first five games, Michigan lost to Syracuse by a 20 to 6 score on October 24,1914. After a scoreless first half, each scored a touchdown in the third quarter. Syracuse scored two touchdowns in the quarter to win the game. John Maulbetsch accounted for Michigans scoring with a touchdown and goal from touchdown, on October 31,1914, Michigan lost to the undefeated 1914 Harvard Crimson football team by a 7 to 0 score at Harvard Stadium. Harvards All-American halfback Huntington Hardwick scored the only touchdown on a six-yard run in the second quarter
7.
1916 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1916 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1916 college football season. In his 16th year as coach, Fielding H. Yost led Michigan to a 7–2 record. Michigan held its first five opponents to a total of three points and won its first seven games by a combined score of 227 to 23. The team then lost its two games, each game by a margin of only three points, against Cornell and Penn. Michigans leading scorer was left halfback John Maulbetsch with 89 kicks for on 11 touchdowns,20 points after touchdown, Maulbetsch was also the teams captain. Quarterback Cliff Sparks added 40 points on six touchdowns, one field goal, New York sports writer Monty selected Sparks as the first-team quarterback on his 1916 College Football All-America Team. On Wednesday, October 4,1916, Michigan opened its season with a game at Ferry Field against Marietta College from Marietta, the game was the second and final game against the Marietta Pioneers football team, with Michigan having defeated the Pioneers by a 28–6 score in 1915. Michigan defeated Marietta in the 1916 match by a 38–0 score, quarterback Cliff Sparks scored three touchdownsF. The Detroit Free Press characterized Sparks running as one of the big features of the game, left halfback John Maulbetsch scored a touchdown, kicked a field goal from placement, and converted four of four attempts at kicks for point after touchdown for a total of 13 points. Philip Raymond also scored a touchdown, and Frank Willard kicked a PAT, Marietta relied heavily on the forward pass and did so with some success. Early in the game, Marietta completed a pass, Whiting to Hayes, the game was played in 12-minute quarters. On Saturday, October 7,1916, Michigan played its game against the team from Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland. The game was the 20th meeting between the schools in a series dating back to 1894, in the 19 prior meetings, Michigan won 18 games and played to a tie once. Michigan won the 1916 game by a 19–3 score, Case took the lead in the first quarter on a field goal from placement by Ashbaugh and led briefly. After Case scored, Michigan scored on its next drive, the drive featured a 25-yard run around left end by quarterback Cliff Sparks, a 15-yard run by left halfback John Maulbetsch, and a final touchdown plunge by fullback Cedric Pat Smith. In the second quarter, Maulbetsch helped set up the score with a 30-yard punt return. A forward pass from Sparks to Maurice Dunne advanced the ball to the Case 20-yard line, Michigan missed on both of its PAT attempts in the first half and led 12 to 3 at halftime. In the third quarter, Sparks returned a punt 60 yards, after an interception in the fourth quarter, Maulbetsch scored Michigans final touchdown and kicked the PAT
8.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
9.
Lawrence University
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Lawrence University is a liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin. Founded in 1847, the school held its first classes on November 12,1849, Lawrence was the second college in the United States to be founded as a coeducational institution. The school is a member of the Colleges That Change Lives, in a study by the National Science Foundation, Lawrence ranked 28th nationally in the percentage of graduates who go on to earn doctorates. The 84-acre campus is located in downtown Appleton, divided into two parts by the Fox River, the academic campus is on the north shore of the river, and the major athletic facilities are on the southeast shore. Lawrence also has a 425-acre northern estate called Björklunden, which serves as a site for retreats, seminars, concerts and it contains a chapel for weddings. Donald and Winifred Boynton of Highland Park, Illinois, donated the property in Door County to Lawrence in 1963, in the mid-1980s, the Physics Department built a $330,000 small laser laboratory, which includes 8005 mW small lasers and more than 500 mirrors. In 2009, Lawrence opened the Richard and Margot Warch Campus Center, a place for students, faculty, staff, alumni. The 107,000 square foot building is situated on the Fox River on the site of the former Hulburt House, the Warch Campus Center includes a cinema, campus dining services, campus mailboxes, and various meeting and event spaces. The building has earned a LEED Gold certification for meeting sustainability goals in conservation, environmental friendliness. The college has a history of razing buildings on its campus. Many buildings on campus are built on the site of former buildings, colman, using $10,000 provided by philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence, and matched by the Methodist church. Both founders were ordained Methodist ministers, but Lawrence was Episcopalian and its oldest extant building, Main Hall, was built in 1853. Lawrence University was the coeducational institution in the country. Lawrences first period of growth came during the tenure of alumnus Samuel G. Plantz as president. From 1894 to 1924, when Plantz presided over the school, from 1913 until 1964, the school was named Lawrence College, to emphasize its small size and liberal arts education focus. The name was changed to Lawrence University when it merged with Milwaukee-Downer College, the state of Wisconsin then purchased the Milwaukee-Downer property and buildings to expand the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Initially, the university designated two entities, Lawrence College for Men and Downer College for Women, the Lawrence Conservatory of Music, usually referred to as the Con, was founded in 1874. Lawrence offers two degrees, a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Music and it also offers a five-year dual degree program, where students can receive both B. A. and B. Mus
10.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
11.
Mount Union Purple Raiders football
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The Mount Union Purple Raiders football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Mount Union located in the U. S. state of Ohio. They compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level and are members of the Ohio Athletic Conference, the team was established in 1893 and plays its home games at the 5,600 seat Mount Union Stadium. They are coached by Vince Kehres, through the 2015 season, Mount Union football has won 12 Division III National Championships and 27 OAC titles, which includes a streak of 24 consecutive conference titles from 1992 through 2015. Additionally, the Purple Raiders own the NCAA football record for victories with 55, set from 2000 to 2003. The first football game played by Mount Union was on the baseball field in 1893 against Kenyon College. Over eight seasons from the start of the 1996 season through 2003, the team went 109–2, won six titles, eight conference championships. On October 16,1999, the broke the NCAA football record for consecutive victories with their 48th straight win. The previous record of 47, set by the Oklahoma Sooners, had stood since 1957, the Purple Raiders winning streak, which began in 1996, reached 54 games before coming to an end December 11,1999 in an overtime loss in the Division III playoffs. Through the 2016 Ohio Athletic Conference season, the Purple Raiders have won 27 titles and they won their first OAC title in 1985 and repeated in 1986, followed by a third title in 1990. Beginning with their 1992 OAC championship, the team won 24 consecutive OAC titles, with their 2015 championship being the final in the streak
12.
Marietta College
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Marietta College is a co-educational liberal arts private college in Marietta, Ohio, USA, which was the first permanent settlement of the Northwest Territory. The school offers 45 majors along with a number of minors, the school encompasses approximately three city blocks next to downtown Marietta and enrolls 1,200 full-time students. It is known for its Petroleum Engineering, Athletic Training, McDonough Leadership, historically preceded by the communitys Muskingum Academy, established in 1797, todays College was chartered in 1835 and the first president was the Rev. Joel H. Linsley. In the years before the Civil War, its students absorbed the citys ethic of supporting abolitionism and they helped fugitive slaves take shelter at the college, which was used as a station on the Underground Railroad to help slaves reach freedom in northern states or Canada. Marietta College worked toward high academic achievement, in 1860, it became the sixteenth college awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the worlds oldest honorary society. During the Great War, before the United States entered the war, after the war, France commemorated their service with what is known as the French monument, which it gave to the city of Marietta. The monument has two parts, a replica of a historic 1749 plaque found buried at site, which noted the French claim to the Ohio Country. The names of the men who served with the corps are included. The athletic department sponsors 20 varsity sports, competing in NCAA Division III, in 2012, the college’s baseball team won an NCAA Division III record 6th College World Series Championship in school history. The college also sponsors intramural and recreation programs, which are housed in the Dyson Baudo Recreation Center, at the center of a Marietta College education are Seven Core Values that form the foundation for all the College does. It has three components, First Year Program In the students first year, he or she will enroll in the First Year Seminar and the College Life and Leadership Laboratory. Together, these courses are designed to help the student make the intellectual and social transition from high school, in addition, all students are required to complete Writing 110, an introductory writing course, and Communication 101, a public speaking course. General education General education provides opportunities to many fields in breadth. Majors Marietta has 45 majors and many more minors, the school offers two graduate programs in Psychology and Physician Assistant Studies. As well, the school offers programs, such as Investigative Studies, Leadership Studies, Study Abroad. Students choose their own majors, and work toward satisfying the requirements of their program. All majors have a capstone or culminating course, the college also has guidelines for the creation of student-developed majors. The honors program provides a course of study for accomplished students, the program has several requirements such as GPA and including specific Honors courses that meet General Education requirements
13.
Case Western Reserve Spartans football
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The Case Western Reserve Spartans football team is the varsity intercollegiate football team representing the Case Western Reserve University, located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. They compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level and they are coached by Greg Debeljak. Home games are played at DiSanto Field, the team in its current form was created in 1970 after the federation of Western Reserve University and Case Institute of Technology. Case, originally known as Case School of Applied Science, carried the name Scientists from 1918–1939, in 1940, the mascot was changed to the Rough Riders, in honor of their head coach Ray A. Ride. Case formally updated their name in 1947 to Case Institute of Technology. Western Reserve originally used the mascot Pioneers from 1921–1927, until being forced to change by Marietta College, the famous Red Cats mascot was then used beginning in 1928. Upon the merger of the two schools, the Spartans name was adopted in 1970, as the team is now presently known, Western Reserve played its first season in 1890 and Case began the following year in 1891. Physically bordering each other, the two became instant rivals. From 1894–1953, the game was played mostly on Thanksgiving Day. Due to high civic interest and large crowds, the games were held at larger Cleveland city venues, such as League Park. Western Reserve led the all-time series 49–20–5, in 1892, Western Reserve declined Clevelander John Heismans offer to be their head coach, and then ironically faced him and his Oberlin Yeomen during the season opener, getting destroyed 38–8. Western Reserve would have their two years later in 1894, finally defeating Heisman while at home in Cleveland, ending the season with a 7–0 undefeated record. In fact, the team outscored opponents a combined 232–8, only Oberlin and Ohio State scored on Western Reserve that year. The 1902 team scored the first touchdown against Michigans legendary coach Fielding H. Yost, in fact, the headline in the Detroit Free Press referred not to Michigans victory but instead read, MICHIGANS GOAL LINE CROSSED. Western Reserve emerged to win titles in both 1907 and 1908, and again in 1915. Western Reserve is the only Ohio team with a record, 6–5–1, against the Ohio State Buckeyes. Ohio State Universitys only death of a player from game-related injuries, team captain John Sigrist, Case Tech holds a 10–11–2 all-time record against the Ohio State Buckeyes, with Coach Joe Fogg posting a perfect 4–0 record during his tenure. Famed Notre Dame coach, Knute Rockne, made his coaching debut on September 28,1918 against Case held at University Circles Van Horn Field
14.
Syracuse Orange football
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The Syracuse Orange football program is a college football team that represents Syracuse University. The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, which is a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I conference that is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision, the program has one national championship, which was earned for play in the 1959 season. The Orange are coached by Dino Babers, who was hired on December 5,2015 to succeed Scott Shafer, home games are played at the Carrier Dome, located on the schools campus in Syracuse. Syracuse played its first football game on November 23,1889, with the construction of state-of-the-art Archbold Stadium in 1907, Syracuse rose to national prominence under College Football Hall of Fame coach Frank Buck ONeill. The 1915 squad garnered a Rose Bowl invitation that the school declined, for 70 years, from 1891 to 1961, Colgate University was the schools biggest rival, with Colgate holding the edge, 31–26–5. From 1937-1945, Ossie Solem served as Syracuses head coach, compiling a 30–27–6 record, the late 1930s and 1940s saw a decline in fortunes that began to reverse when Ben Schwartzwalder took over as coach in 1949. Syracuse made its first bowl appearance in the 1953 Orange Bowl, followed by appearances in the 1957 Cotton Bowl, the 1957 Cotton Bowl Classic team featured Hall of Fame running back Jim Brown. In 1959, Syracuse earned its first National Championship following a season and Cotton Bowl Classic victory over Texas. Davis was slated to play for the Cleveland Browns in the backfield as Jim Brown. Syracuse remained competitive through the 1960s with a series of All American running backs, including Floyd Little, Schwartzwalder retired as Syracuses head coach following the 1973 season, which was Syracuses third consecutive losing season. Schwartzwalder left Syracuse with a 153–91–3 record, Michigan assistant coach Frank Maloney was hired as Schwartzwalders replacement. Maloneys tenure at Syracuse was marked by inconsistency, the fan base turned on him as the Orange failed to achieve the national status they had enjoyed under Schwartzwalder. Maloneys program was limited by archaic facilities. Archbold Stadium, Syracuses home field since 1907, was in need of replacement, nonetheless, Maloney did recruit a number of future NFL stars such as Joe Morris and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Art Monk. Maloney was the subject of criticism, not only from the fans and alumni, ironically enough, this call from program alumni came during the 1979 season, Maloneys best at Syracuse, when the Orangemen qualified for the Independence Bowl, beating McNeese State. After coaching the Orangemen for seven seasons and presiding over the opening of a new stadium, Dick MacPherson was hired as the head coach in 1981 and after several mediocre seasons, fans wanted MacPherson fired, coining the phrase, Sack Mac. However, the opinion of Coach MacPherson changed when the program returned suddenly to national prominence in 1987 with an undefeated 11–0 regular season record. The team featured Maxwell Award winning quarterback Don McPherson and fullback Daryl Johnston, instead, the team faced Southeastern Conference champion Auburn University in the Sugar Bowl
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Penn Quakers football
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The Penn Quakers football team is the college football team at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Penn has played in 1,364 football games, the most of any school in any division, Penn plays its home games at historic Franklin Field, the oldest stadium in football. All Penn games are broadcast on WNTP or WFIL radio, Penn bills itself as college footballs most historic program. The Quakers have had 63 First Team All-Americans, and the college is the alma mater of John Heisman, the team has won a share of 7 national championships and competed in the granddaddy of them all in 1917. Penns total of 837 wins puts them 11th all-time in college football,18 members of the College Football Hall of Fame played at Penn and 5 members of the College Football Hall of Fame coached at Penn. Penn has had 11 unbeaten seasons, Penn is one of the few college football teams to have had an exclusive contract with a network for broadcasting all their home games. For the 1950 season, ABC Sports broadcast all of Penns home games, the only other teams to have exclusive contracts are Miami and Notre Dame. The Quakers competed as an independent until 1956, when they accepted the invitation to join the Ivy League. See, NCAA #Football television controversy Penn joined the Ivy League in 1956 when it was formed, Penn won its 1st Ivy League Football Championship in 1959. It was not until 1982,23 years later, that Penn would win its 2nd Ivy League Football Championship, since that year Penn has become a dominant football power in the Ivy League. They are tied with Dartmouth in winning a record 18 Ivy League Football Championships, Penn, however, is first in outright Ivy League titles, and first in undefeated Ivy League titles. NCAA record for most college football games played -1,364, NCAA record for consecutive overtime losses -3 games Most outright Ivy League titles -13, Highest number of unbeaten Ivy League seasons -8, Longest Ivy League winning streak -20 straight games. Penn also holds the next two Longest Ivy League win streaks, record 18 Ivy League Football Championships. Penns home stadium Franklin Field is not only the oldest stadium in football, brooke - Twice All-America, College football Hall of Fame. Outland - namesake of the Outland Trophy, College Football Hall of Fame Penns total of three major award winners surpasses several BCS programs to this day. A total of 51 players from Penn have been drafted in the NFL, including NFL Hall of Famers Chuck Bednarik and Bert Bell and NFL first-round pick Skip Minisi. List of Penn Quakers in the NFL Draft Penns rivalry with Cornell is the 5th-most played college football rivalry of all time and their first game was in 1893 and have played every year since, except in 1918. Penn leads in the series, 72–46–5, since the official formation of the Ivy League in 1956 Penn has won 31 games and Cornell has won 29 games
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Franklin Field
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Franklin Field is the home of the Penn Relays, and is the University of Pennsylvanias stadium for football, lacrosse and formerly for soccer, field hockey and baseball. It is also used by Penn students for recreation, and for intramural and club sports, including football and cricket. It is located in Philadelphia, at the edge of Penns campus. It was formerly the field of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. Franklin Field was built for $100,000 and dedicated on April 20,1895, deemed by the NCAA as the oldest stadium still operating for football, it was the site of the nations first scoreboard in 1895. Its location was given as 37th and Spruce. Permanent Franklin Field construction did not begin until after the turn of the century, weightman Hall gymnasium, the stadium, and permanent grandstands were designed by architect Frank Miles Day & Brother and were erected from 1903 to 1905 at a cost of $500,000. The field was 714 feet long and 443 feet wide, the site featured a ¼-mile track, a football field, and a baseball diamond. Beneath the stands were indoor tracks and indoor training facilities, plans called for a new train station called Union Station which would feature a Pennsylvania Railroad stop and a stop on a proposed elevated subway line connected to the Market–Frankford Line. Architecture firm Koronski & Cameron created a rendering but plans quickly collapsed, five years later, it was decided instead to expand Franklin Field. The current stadium structure was built in the 1920s, designed by Day & Klauder, after the wooden bleachers were torn down. The lower tier was erected in 1922, the old wood stands were razed immediately following the Penn Relays and the new concrete lower tier and seating for 50,000 were built. The second tier was added in 1925, again designed by Day & Klauder, the first football radio broadcast originated from Franklin Field in 1922. It was carried by Philadelphia station WIP and this claim is pre-empted by an earlier live radio broadcast emanating from Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, on October 8,1921, a full year before Franklin Fields claim to fame. Harold W. Arlin announced the live broadcast of the Pitt-West Virginia football game on October 8,1921, the first commercial football television broadcast in 1939 also came from Franklin Field. In the universitys football heyday — when Penn led the nation in attendance — the 65, today, Franklin Field, named after Penns founder, Benjamin Franklin, seats 52,958. Franklin Field switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969 and it was the first National Football League stadium to use artificial turf. The stadiums fifth AstroTurf surface was installed in 1993, the current Sprinturf field replaced the AstroTurf in 2004
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Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
18.
Frank Millard
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Frank Gurnee Millard was an American politician and football player. Millard was born in Corunna, Michigan in 1892, the son of Frank A. Millard and he attended the public schools in Corunna. He subsequently attended the University of Michigan, receiving his bachelors degree in 1914, while attending Michigan, Millard played guard for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1912-1915. After receiving his law degree, Millard became an attorney in Flint, during World War I, he served as an artillery lieutenant in the U. S. Army in France. In 1921, he helped organize the Michigan National Guard and he was active in Republican Party politics and served as the chairman of the Genesse County Republican Committee from 1922-1924 and in 1940. He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee from 1948-1950, in 1950, Millard was elected as Michigan Attorney General. He served in that position from January 1951 through December 1954, in November 1954, he lost to Thomas M. Kavanagh in the election for Michigan Attorney General. He was the last Republican to hold the office of Attorney General in Michigan until Mike Cox was elected to the office in 2002, in March 1955, he was appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower as the General Counsel of the U. S. Army. In December 1956, he was hospitalized at the University of Michigan Hospital where he underwent surgery to remove a portion of one lung and he served as the Armys General Counsel through February 1961. Millard was married to Dorothy E. McCorkell on November 8,1930 and he died in 1976 at age 84
19.
Walter Niemann (American football)
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Walter Albright Wally Niemann was an American football player. A native of Menominee in Michigans Upper Peninsula, Niemann was an all around athlete at Menominee High School in Menominee and he played center for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1915 to 1916. He was the lightest starting center at the University of Michigan at 150 pounds and he played semi-professional football for the Lauerman Twins in 1921. The 1921 Twins team won the championship of Northeastern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula and he later played professional football for the Green Bay Packers from 1922 to 1924. Niemann was the center for Green Bay in the first game played between the Packers and the Chicago Bears. Niemann was inducted into the Upper Peninsula Sports Hall of Fame in 1974,1915 Michigan Wolverines football team 1916 Michigan Wolverines football team
20.
Fred Rehor
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Frederick Lee Fritz Rehor was an American football player. He played college football for Fielding H. Yosts Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1914 to 1916 and he also played professional football and was a member of the 1917 professional football champion Massillon Tigers, coached by Knute Rockne. He later operated a store in Canton, Ohio. Rehor was born in Hastings, Michigan in 1893 and his parents, Jacob and Louisa Rehor, emigrated to the United States from Germany. His father operated a buzz planer in a table factory, Rehor attended the University of Michigan as a pharmacy student. While attending Michigan, he was a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, following a November 1916 game against Penn, The New York Times wrote, The work of Rehor on the line ranked the best ever seen in Michigan. The husky 250-pounder outplayed Henning from start to finish, and broke through, in a summary of the 1916 season, The Michigan Alumnus wrote, Of the linemen, Rehor was always prominent, breaking up numerous plays and showing an excellent nose for the ball. Many a spectator will long retain the image of the big guard catching a short kick-off. After graduating from Michigan, Rehor played professional football, in October 1917, he joined the Massillon Tigers. When it was announced that Rehor would join the Tigers, The Evening Independent in Massillon ran a story on Rehor. The article noted, Rehor, who graduated from Michigan last spring and he stands nearly six feet tall and was one of the big men on the Michigan eleven for three seasons. The Michigan giant will arrive here early Saturday morning and he comes here backed by a reputation of being one of the best linemen who played college foot ball in 1916. He should be a tower of strength to the Tiger line, especially when the big battles with Akron, Canton, Rehor started at right guard in Massillons 14–6 victory over Buffalo. After the game, The Evening Independent wrote, Rehor with his 256 odd pounds bowled over the visiting linemen and formed a defensive bulwark that couldnt be budged. After a 3–0 loss to Akron, the noted that the team put up a strong battle on defense with Rehor and Copley playing strong defensive games, tackling hard. In a 28–0 victory over the Columbus Panhandles, Rehor also handled kickoffs, the visitors made four first down but three of them came on forward passes and the other on a penalty. During the fourth quarter of the last game of the season, Rehor got into a fight with Unk Russell of the Canton Bulldogs. The Massillon newspaper reported, Rehor claimed that Russell had slugged him in scrimmage, fritzs fighting blood became warm and he wasnt long opening hostilities with the giant Pennsylvanian
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Lawrence Roehm
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Lawrence Stevens Rummy Roehm was an American football and baseball player and businessman from Detroit, Michigan. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1913 to 1915 and he was the starting quarterback of the 1915 Michigan Wolverines football team. Roehm was the son of Charles M. Roehm, one of the leaders in Detroits growing automobile industry in the early 20th century and he grew up in Detroit, Michigan, and attended Detroit Central High School. He played football in school, but his athletic career was hampered by injuries. As a sophomore, Roehm injured his ankle in a practice session and was unable to play during the 1909 football season. As a junior in 1910, Roehm was the fullback for Detroit Central. Despite the injuries, Roehm won a reputation as one of Detroit’s top football prospects, the article also referred to Roehm as 160 pounds of undaunted courage and as strong as a young bull, and further, A more peppery player than Roehm would be hard to imagine. He fairly imbued the team with that do-or-die spirit, in 1912, Roehm enrolled at the University of Michigan. He was the captain of the football team in 1912. As a sophomore in 1913, Roehm was a backup on Michigan’s varsity football team, in a 48-0 victory over Case, Roehm appeared as a substitute for Catlett at the left halfback position. Roehm worked his way into the lineup as a halfback in 1914. He started at the halfback position in Michigan’s 1914 games against Case. He scored two touchdowns in a 69-0 victory over Case which led The New York Times to write that the game brought back “memories of the point-a-minute days. ”As a senior in 1915, Roehm was moved to the quarterback position and started seven of the team’s eight games at quarterback. Roehm won the quarterback position in competition with several other candidates. The Michigan Alumnus noted, Roehm displayed the best ground-gaining ability of all the backs during the practice season, in the 1915 season opener, a 35-0 victory over Mt. Union, Yost tried six different players at the quarterback position. Roehm won the competition and became the starter, following the Mt. Roehm started again in Michigans victories over Marietta and Case. Roehm was a reserve halfback last season and equally good at running the ends, Roehm is the heaviest quarter a Michigan team has had in a long time, tipping the beam at 190 pounds. He covers ground fast and with a little more coaching should develop into a star quarter, Michigan lost for a second time in 1915 against Cornell, with Roehm scoring the only touchdown for the Wolverines
22.
Cedric C. Smith
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Cedric Crawford Pat Smith was an American football fullback who played for the University of Michigan, the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, and the Buffalo All-Americans. He was either the second or third leading scorer in the season of the National Football League. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Smith moved with his family to Bay City, Michigan, in 1914, Smith enrolled at the University of Michigan and played on the Michigan Wolverines freshman football team. Smith was a standout on the team, being compared with Michigan State star George Carp Julian. He rips up the line in about the manner as the Aggie terror. As a sophomore in 1915, Smith started five games at fullback, as a junior in 1916, he started seven games at fullback. Michigans legendary coach, Fielding H. Yost, said of Smith, fast, brainy and an excellent punter and passer. I would call him an all-around star and he was unfortunate in being injured on a number of occasions, but the following Saturday he was usually ready to put on another stellar performance. After the 1916 season, Smiths teammates selected him as captain of the 1917 Michigan football team, Smith was also a member of the Michigan track and field team in 1916,1917 and 1919. He won the Big Ten Conference shot put title in 1919, after submarines sank seven U. S. merchant ships and the publication of the Zimmermann Telegram, the United States declared war on Germany on April 6,1917. Even before the declaration of war, Smith enlisted with the Ann Arbor naval reserves and by the end of April 1917. In honor of Captain Smiths actions, the Michigan football team voted to preserve his status as captain of the 1917 team, for the first time in the history of football at Michigan, the team had no active captain. At the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, Smith was assigned to play on the football team with other leading football players who were enlisted in the Navy. Smith was the captain and fullback for the Great Lakes team, for Thanksgiving, a special all-star match was played at Stagg Field in Chicago between players who were serving in the Army and Navy. Smith was the leader of the Navy team that defeated the Army 27–0, newspaper accounts of the game report that Smith played a brilliant game, as he smashed his way over for two touchdowns. With most of college footballs top performers in the military service, instead, he selected an All-America Service team and named Smith as the fullback on that team. After the war, Smith returned to Michigan where he received his degree in 1919, Smith played professional football for Masillon Tigers in 1919 and for the Buffalo All-Americans in the fledgling National Football League from 1920 to 1921 and in 1923. In 1920, the first season of the NFLs existence, Smith led Buffalo with four touchdowns, though individual records from the 1920 NFL season are difficult to verify, sources indicate that Smiths 24 points placed him as either the second or third leading scorer in the league
23.
Lewis Reimann
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Lewis Charles Reimann was an American author, camp operator, politician and football player. A native of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Reimann played college football for the Michigan Wolverines in 1914 and 1915 and he founded the University of Michigan Fresh Air Camp for underprivileged boys in 1921. Six years later, in 1927, he founded Camp Charlevoix which he operated until 1948, in the 1950s, Reimann wrote several books on the history of the Upper Peninsula and the Gogebic Range. He also ran unsuccessfully as a Democratic Party candidate for the office of Mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1951, Reimann was born in Michigans Upper Peninsula in 1890. A descendant of German immigrants, he grew up surrounded by the lumber and mining booms in the Iron River district, Reimann subsequently enrolled at the University of Michigan where he was a lineman on Fielding H. Yosts Michigan Wolverines football teams in 1914 and 1915. In Michigans 1914 victory over Harvard, Reimann made more tackles than the rest of the Michigan team and he was selected as a second-team All-America at the conclusion of the 1914 season. In 1915, Reimann also won the Michigan and Big Ten Conference heavyweight wrestling championship, an injury limited his playing time during the 1915 college football season, he appeared only briefly in one game. While attending Michigan, Reimann also became a leader in the clean athletic movement, Reimann was an outspoken advocate of banning alcohol from college campuses and in 1916 published an article in the YMCA publication Association Men on the topic of alcohol and athletics. He noted the prevalence of alcohol on Michigans campus, It was customary after a big victory and he got filled with spirit, but not the kind that helped his universitys reputation. Scenes were enacted that caused the loyal and serious minded student to hang his head in shame, the visitors were not slow in spreading their impressions of the school. Reimann was also a member of the Alpha Kappa Lambda fraternity and he later served as the fourth national president of the fraternity, serving in that role from 1925 to 1927. Reimann graduated from the University of Michigan as part of the Literary Class of 1916 and married Pearle Shewell on June 2,1917, in Genoa, at that time, he was employed as the YMCA Secretary for Barry County, Michigan. In the late 1910s, he involved in YMCA camps, the Intercollegiate Prohibition Association. In 1921, he founded the University of Michigan Fresh Air Camp for underprivileged boys, the Fresh Air Camp was located on 4,200 feet of wooded lake front 10 miles north of Port Huron, Michigan. It providing recreation and camp activities under the guidance of Michigan students and alumni for boys from poor homes, the court. Most of the boys returned home heavier, and surely healthier and happier, one author has described Michigans Fresh Air Camp and similar programs as the country’s first attempts to conceptualize and intervene in the lives of at risk youth populations. Reimann served as the counselor and camp director, he continued to work with the Fresh Air Camp for four years. Based on his success in running the Fresh Air Camp, friends urged Reimann to develop a private camp, in 1927, Reimann founded Camp Charlevoix
24.
1915 College Football All-America Team
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The 1915 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1915 college football season. Although not recognized by the NCAA, many sports writers, newspapers. They include Parke H. Davis, Walter Eckersall, and Fielding H. Yost, at the end of the 1915 season, Runyon noted the difficulty in picking an All-America team when most of those doing so had only seen a fraction of the players. Accordingly, Runyon chose not to call his list and All-America team, ER = Eddie N. Robinson, head coach of the Brown Bears football team. JI = Jonas H. Ingram, head coach of the Navy football team
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Ernest Allmendinger
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Ernest J. Aqua Allmendinger was an All-American college football player and coach. A native of Ann Arbor, Michigan, Allmendinger played right guard and right tackle at Ann Arbor High School and he acquired the nickname Aqua after working as a waterboy for railroad building crews. Allmendinger played the position at the University of Michigan from 1911 to 1913. In November 1913, Allmendinger helped Michigan to a 17–0 win over Cornell leading The Washington Post to report, three hundred Michigan rooters, headed by their brass band, paraded and snake-danced after the game. At the end of the 1913 season, Allmendinger was picked as an All-Western guard on all of the honorary All-Western teams. His quiet temperament was the handicap and during these years Coach Yost declared that if Allmendinger could get good and mad once, the third season Yost became desperate. Allmendinger was one of prominent football players commissioned at Fort Sheridan in the fall of 1917, others included former Michigan All-Americans Albert Benbrook. On Thanksgiving Day 1917, with the top players in the military. Almmendinger was the right tackle on the Army team. Because of the war, Walter Camp did not select an All-America team in 1917, instead, Camp named an All-America service team in 1917, recognizing the countrys top football players serving in the military. Allmendinger was named to Camps 1917 All-Service team, Allmendinger rose to the rank of captain before being discharged in 1919. He also worked as an assistant football coach at Michigan during the 1919 season, Allmendinger received a forestry degree from the University of Michigan and worked in the western forests after graduating. He later worked for 34 years as an engineer for the Washtenaw County Road Commission from 1921 to 1954, list of Michigan Wolverines football All-Americans Bentley Library profile and photograph of Ernest Allmendinger
26.
Prentiss Douglass
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Prentiss Porter Douglass was an American football player and coach. He was a native of Martinsville, Illinois who graduated from the Culver Military Academy and he played football for Fielding H. Yosts 1907 and 1908 Michigan Wolverines football teams at the halfback position. After graduating from Michigan in 1909, he served as an assistant football coach at Michigan during the 1909 and 1910 football seasons, in 1911, he was the head football coach at the University of Kentucky. His 1911 Kentucky team finished the season with 7 wins and 3 losses, Kentucky was unscored upon in its first four games, surrendering six points to the University of Cincinnati in the fifth game. The seasons highlights included the two games, victories against Centre College and the University of Tennessee. After one year at Kentucky, Douglass returned to the University of Michigan where he served as an assistant football coach from 1912 to 1919 and he retired from football after the 1919 season to go into business. Douglass died of an ailment in Lexington, Kentucky in 1949 at age 62
27.
Germany Schulz
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Adolph George Germany Schulz was an All-American American football center for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1904 to 1905 and from 1907 to 1908. While playing at Michigan, Schulz is credited with having invented the spiral snap, as the first lineman to play in back of the line on defense, he is credited as footballs first linebacker. Schulz was 21 years old when he enrolled at Michigan and had worked in an Indiana steel mill, Michigan was refused re-entry into the Western Conference in 1908 when it insisted on playing the 25-year-old Schulz for a fourth season in violation of conference eligibility rules. Despite the controversies, Schulz is remembered both as an innovator and one of the toughest football players in the days of the game. He has also inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame. After his days as a collegiate athlete ended, Schulz assumed a variety of assistant coaching, athletic director and he eventually entered the insurance industry, where he enjoyed a long career. He died in 1951, several days after being named the greatest center in football history by the College Football Foundation, Schulz was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the son of German immigrants. His father, Adolph F. Schulz, Sr. was a doctor who was born in 1854, the couple emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1880 with their infant daughter Wilhelmina. Schulz also had two brothers, Fred Schulz and Arthur Schulz, both of whom became doctors, Schulz played football for Fort Wayne High School and was also a member of amateur city teams for several years. In 1904, Schulz enrolled at the University of Michigan at age 21, standing 6 ft 2 in, in the early 1900s, many decried the increasing recruitment of ringers—older, experienced players whose qualifications as student athletes were suspect. Michigans coach, Fielding H. Yost, whose teams outscored their opponents 2,821 to 42 between 1901 and 1905, had accused of using ringers before. When Yost accepted the coaching job at Michigan, he had recruited his star player, 23-year-old Willie Heston. When the 21-year-old Schulz joined the team, there were suggestions that he was Yosts newest ringer, the suspicions were exacerbated by reports that Schulz was a factory worker in an Indiana steel mill who had played for a half-dozen professional teams before enrolling at Michigan. Until the time of his death, reports of his having been a ringer angered Schulz, while he did work in a steel mill, Schulz insisted that he did not come out of the steel mill to play football. Instead, Schulz said he went into the mill to harden himself up for the football season. When asked years later how he got to Michigan, Schulz recalled that, in the summer of 1904, one day, his father called to say that Fielding Yost of Michigan was in his office. Schulz ran down the street and rushed into his fathers office and his father promptly told him, Adolph, this is Mr. Yost. You are to football for him at Michigan
28.
Stephen Farrell (track and field)
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Stephen J. Farrell was professional track athlete, circus performer and track coach. Farrell was a professional foot-racer in the 1880s and 1890s, beginning as a competitor in the hook, hose and he was the first American to win Englands Sheffield Cup on two occasions and competed in races from 100 yards to one mile. He became known as the greatest professional footracer this country has ever known, seeking out new challenges, Farrell performed with the Barnum & Bailey Circus for several years racing against a horse, and he was never known to ever lose to the horse. Farrell later became a coach at Yale University, the University of Maine, Ohio State University. He coached at Michigan for 18 years and developed many great athletes, including DeHart Hubbard and he was born on December 26,1863 in Rockville, Connecticut to Matthew Farrell. Farrell grew up at a time when professional foot-racing was one of the most popular sports in New England, Farrell gained fame as one of the worlds foremost professional runners in the 1880s and 1890s. Sports writer Walter Eckersall called Farrell the greatest professional footracer this country has ever known and it was said that Farrell could run any race from the hundred to the mile. In his day, he was considered by his opponents the best money racer who ever pulled on a running shoe, harry Gill, who later became the track coach at the University of Illinois, competed against Farrell and said he had never seen Farrells equal. Farrell got his start competing in the hook, hose and ladder events that were popular in New England, Farrell was much in demand as a No.1 man on fire department teams and represented many a team. Each towns fire team was made up of 16 men, in the hook and ladder days, Farrell raced with some of the greats of the sport who later became major college track coaches, including Keene Fitzpatrick, Mike Murphy, Johnny Mack and Bill Donovan. Farrell became a regular in the Caledonian games, a track circuit in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Buffalo. Farrell initially had success in distance events from 300 yards to a mile. He later shifted to the sprint events and also became expert in the long jump. At one time, he held the record in the standing backward jump at 11 feet. He won the Sheffield Handicap in 1891 and returned to win for a time in March 1894. After winning his second Sheffield Handicap, a Massachusetts newspaper reported, Steve Farrell is perhaps the best known runner in the world, in August 1891,20,000 spectators watched Farrell compete in the Clan-Na-Gael athletic games in Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that Farrell won the race, the 120-yards hurdle. Farrell finished second in the 220-yard race and third in the three standing jumps, Farrell ran at a time when the races were handicap affairs in which the winner would win by as narrow a margin as possible in order not to be severely handicapped in future races
29.
Estelline, South Dakota
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Estelline is a city in Hamlin County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 768 at the 2010 census. A post office was first established at Estelline in 1879, the city was named for a local farmers daughter. Estelline is located at 44°34′34″N 96°54′02″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.95 square miles, all of it land. Estelline has been assigned the ZIP code 57234 and the FIPS place code 19980, as of the census of 2010, there were 768 people,297 households, and 189 families residing in the city. The population density was 808.4 inhabitants per square mile, there were 321 housing units at an average density of 337.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 1% White,0. 7% Native American,5. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 3% of the population. 31. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 25. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,21. 7% were from 25 to 44, 19% were from 45 to 64, and 26. 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 3% male and 52. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 675 people,290 households, and 173 families residing in the city. The population density was 703.8 people per square mile, there were 311 housing units at an average density of 324.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 67% White,0. 74% Native American,0. 15% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 48% of the population. 32. 1% were of German,22. 0% Norwegian,8. 7% Irish,6. 8% American and 5. 3% Dutch ancestry according to Census 2000. 37. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 21. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.82. In the city, the population was out with 21. 2% under the age of 18,3. 9% from 18 to 24,22. 1% from 25 to 44,18. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 48 years, for every 100 females there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $27,679, and the median income for a family was $36,250
30.
San Antonio
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San Antonio, officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh-most populated city in the United States and the second-most populous city in the state of Texas, with a population of 1,409,019. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, the city straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion known as the Texas Triangle. San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County, recent annexations have extended the citys boundaries into Medina County and, though for only a very tiny area near the city of Garden Ridge, into Comal County. Due to its placement, the city has characteristics of other urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas. San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, growth along the Interstate 35 and Interstate 10 corridors to the north, west and east make it likely that the metropolitan area will continue to expand. San Antonio was named for Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, the city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions, including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2015. Other notable attractions include the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, the city is home to the five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and hosts the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest such events in the country. The U. S. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, the remaining portions of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, at the time of European encounter, Payaya Indians lived near the San Antonio River Valley in the San Pedro Springs area, calling the vicinity Yanaguana, meaning refreshing waters. In 1691, a group of Spanish Catholic explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Payaya settlement on June 13 and they named the place and river San Antonio in his honor. It was years before any Spanish settlement took place, father Antonio de Olivares visited the site in 1709, and he was determined to found a mission and civilian settlement there. He directed Martin de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila and Texas, differences between Alarcón and Olivares resulted in delays, and construction did not start until 1718. The families who clustered around the presidio and mission formed the beginnings of Villa de Béjar, on May 1, the governor transferred ownership of the Mission San Antonio de Valero to Fray Antonio de Olivares. On May 5,1718 he commissioned the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar on the west side of the San Antonio River, one-fourth league from the mission. On February 14,1719, the Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo proposed to the king of Spain that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Havana to populate the province of Texas. By June 1730,25 families had reached Cuba, and 10 families had sent to Veracruz before orders from Spain came to stop the re-settlement. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland from Veracruz to the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, due to marriages along the way, the party now included 15 families, a total of 56 persons. They joined the community established in 1718
31.
River Forest, Illinois
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River Forest is an affluent suburban village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Two universities make their home in River Forest, Dominican University, the village is closely tied to the larger neighboring community of Oak Park. There are significant architectural designs located in River Forest such as the Winslow House by Frank Lloyd Wright, the population of the village was 11,172 at the 2010 census. River Forest has a station with service to Chicago on Metras Union Pacific/West Line. River Forest is located at 41°53′35″N 87°49′2″W, according to the 2010 census, River Forest has a total area of 2.482 square miles, of which 2.48 square miles is land and 0.002 square miles is water. Dominican University and Concordia University Chicago are both located in River Forest, there are two public elementary schools, Lincoln Elementary School and Willard Elementary School. There is one middle school, Roosevelt Middle School. The elementary and middle schools are in River Forest Public Schools District 90, River Forest shares a high school with Oak Park, known as Oak Park and River Forest High School, located in Oak Park. River Forest is home to two Catholic grade schools and one Lutheran grade school, in the Catholic schools, St. Luke parish school & St. Vincent Ferrer, 63% of the enrollments are River Forest residents. Grace Lutheran School enrolls children from 3 years old through eighth grade, River Forest has one all-girls secondary school, Trinity High School. River Forest also has another private school, Keystone Montessori School and it serves children 9 months of age to 8th grade as an alternative learning style for children. It educates children using the philosophy of Dr. Maria Montessori, the River Forest Public Library is located at 735 Lathrop Avenue. The United States Postal Service operates the River Forest Post Office at 401 William Street, as of the census of 2010, there were 11,172 people,3,961 households, and 2,776 families residing in the village. The average household size was 2.61, the family size was 3.19. 51. 5% of family households had related children under age 18 living with them, people living alone constituted 26. 3% of households. The median age was 41.3, with 14. 2% of residents being over age 65, the median income for a household in the village was $122,854, and the median income for a family was $171,100. Males working full-time had an income of $124,695 versus $64,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $66,028, about 3. 4% of families and 5. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 8% of those under age 18 and 3. 6% of those age 65 or over
32.
Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
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Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne was an American politician who was the 24th Governor of Illinois from 1913 to 1917 and previously served as the 38th mayor of Chicago from April 5,1905 to 1907. He is to date the last Mayor of Chicago to be elected Governor of Illinois, born in 1853, in Watertown, Connecticut, he was the son of an ardent Irish nationalist, Patrick William Dunne, who emigrated to America in 1849 after the failed Young Ireland revolt. His mother, Delia Mary Lawlor, was the daughter of a prosperous Irish contractor, and participant in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the family moved to Peoria, Illinois in 1855 while Dunne was still an infant, and he was educated there in the public schools. His father refused to send his son to the local Catholic academy, P. W. Dunne was a prosperous businessman, active in both Irish and American politics. He raised money for the Fenians, gave generously of his own funds, and frequently hosted Irish politicians, political exiles, P. W. Dunne served on the Peoria City Council in the 1860s and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. After Dunne graduated from school in Peoria, IL in 1871. His father wanted his son to be educated at the alma mater of Irish patriot, among his classmates was the author Oscar Wilde. Dunne did extremely well at Trinity, but was forced to leave one year short of graduation, Dunne returned to Illinois, and finished his education at Union College of Law in Chicago, where his family had settled in 1877. He graduated from the Union College of Law in 1878, Edward F. Dunne married Elizabeth F. Kelly, the daughter of Edward F. Kelly, a Chicago businessman, and his wife, Kitty Howe Kelly, on August 16,1881. Following his marriage he started a legal practice. The Dunnes had thirteen children, with nine of them surviving into adulthood. His children included, Eileen Dunne Corboy, Mona T. Leonard, Maurice Dunne, Richard Dunne, Jeanette Dunne, Edward F. Dunne, Jr. Geraldine Dunne, Eugene Dunne, and Judge Robert Jerome Duke Dunne. He was elected the first president of the Irish Fellowship Club of Chicago in 1901, as an Irish Catholic Democrat from Chicago, Dunne was the only man to have served as both Mayor of Chicago and Governor of Illinois. He was elected Mayor of Chicago in April 1905 and he was elected Governor of Illinois in the fall of 1912 and his inauguration was on February 3,1913. The 19th amendment would not become law until six years later in 1919, as noted below, in 1919, Dunne was appointed by the Irish Race Convention to serve on the American Commission on Irish Independence. As part of commission, Dunne traveled to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 in order to voice Irish-American desires for an independent Irish nation. He served from 1892 to 1905 as Judge of the Circuit Court in Chicago and he resigned to run for mayor in January 1905, winning election on April 4,1905, beating the Republican John Maynard Harlan. Dunne won with majorities in 22 of 35 wards in the city, the final tally was 161,189 votes for Dunne and 138,671 given to Harlan
33.
Evanston, Illinois
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It is one of the North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan and is the home of Northwestern University. The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of the former Evanston Township, prior to the 1830s, the area now occupied by Evanston was mainly uninhabited, consisting largely of wetlands and swampy forest. However, Potawatomi Indians used trails along higher lying ridges that ran in a general direction through the area. French explorers referred to the area as Grosse Pointe after a point of land jutting into Lake Michigan about 13 miles north of the mouth of the Chicago River. The area remained sparsely settled, supporting some farming and lumber activity on some of the higher ground. The 1850 census shows a few hundred settlers in this township, in 1851, a group of Methodist business leaders founded Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute. They chose a bluffed and wooded site along the lake as Northwesterns home, purchasing several hundred acres of land from Dr. John Foster, a Chicago farm owner. In 1854, the founders of Northwestern submitted to the county judge their plans for a city to be named Evanston after John Evans, in 1857, the request was granted. The township of Evanston was split off from Ridgeville Township, at approximately the same time, the nine founders, including John Evans, Orrington Lunt, and Andrew Brown, hoped their university would attain high standards of intellectual excellence. Today these hopes have been fulfilled, as Northwestern consistently ranks with the best of the nations universities, Evanston was formally incorporated as a town on December 29,1863, but declined in 1869 to become a city despite the Illinois legislature passing a bill for that purpose. Evanston expanded after the Civil War with the annexation of the village of North Evanston, finally, in early 1892, following the annexation of the village of South Evanston, voters elected to organize as a city. The 1892 boundaries are largely those that exist today, during the 1960s, Northwestern University changed the citys shoreline by adding a 74-acre lakefill. In 1939, Evanston hosted the first NCAA basketball championship final at Northwestern Universitys Patten Gymnasium, in August 1954, Evanston hosted the second assembly of the World Council of Churches, still the only WCC assembly to have been held in the United States. President Dwight Eisenhower welcomed the delegates, and Dag Hammarskjöld, secretary-general of the United Nations, Evanston first received power in April 1893. Many people lined the streets on Emerson St. where the first appearance of lights were lined and turned on. Evanston is the birthplace of Tinkertoys, and Evanston, along with Ithaca, New York, Two Rivers, Wisconsin, Evanston was the home of the Clayton Mark and Company, which for many years supplied the most jobs. Evanston was a dry community from 1858 until 1972, when the City Council voted to allow restaurants, in 1984, the Council voted to allow retail liquor outlets within the city limits. According to the 2010 census, Evanston has an area of 7.802 square miles
34.
University of Washington
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The University of Washington, commonly referred to as simply Washington, UW, or informally U-Dub, is a public flagship research university in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast, the university has three campuses, the oldest and largest in the University District of Seattle and two others in Tacoma and Bothell. Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked among the top 15 universities in the world by a variety of international publications. In athletics, the university competes in the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference and its athletic teams are called the Huskies. Seattle was one of several settlements in the mid to late 19th century vying for primacy in the new Washington Territory, in 1854, territorial governor Isaac Stevens recommended the establishment of a university in Washington. Several prominent Seattle-area residents, chief among them Methodist preacher Daniel Bagley and they convinced early founder of Seattle and member of the territorial legislature Arthur A. Denny of the importance of Seattle winning the school. When no site emerged, the legislature, encouraged by Denny, in 1861, scouting began for an appropriate 10 acres site in Seattle to serve as the campus for a new university. Arthur and Mary Denny donated eight acres, and fellow pioneers Edward Lander and Charlie and this tract was bounded by 4th and 6th Avenues on the west and east and Union and Seneca Streets on the north and south. UW opened on November 4,1861, as the Territorial University of Washington, the following year, the legislature passed articles incorporating the University and establishing a Board of Regents. The school struggled initially, closing three times, in 1863 for lack of students, and again in 1867 and 1876 due to shortage of funds. However, Clara Antoinette McCarty Wilt became the first graduate of UW in 1876 when she graduated from UW with a degree in science. By the time Washington entered the Union in 1889, both Seattle and the University had grown substantially, enrollment increased from 30 students to nearly 300, and the relative isolation of the campus had given way to encroaching development. A special legislative committee headed by UW graduate Edmond Meany was created to find a new campus able to serve the growing student population. The committee selected a site on Union Bay northeast of downtown, the university relocated from downtown to the new campus in 1895, moving into the newly built Denny Hall. The regents tried and failed to sell the old campus, the University still owns what is now called the Metropolitan Tract. In the heart of the city, it is among the most valuable pieces of estate in Seattle. The original Territorial University building was torn down in 1908 and its former site houses the Fairmont Olympic Hotel. The sole surviving remnants of UWs first building are four 24-foot, white, hand-fluted cedar and they were salvaged by Edmond S. Meany—one of the Universitys first graduates and the former head of the history department
35.
Saint Petersburg
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Saint Petersburg is Russias second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject, situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 271703. In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, between 1713 and 1728 and 1732–1918, Saint Petersburg was the capital of imperial Russia. In 1918, the government bodies moved to Moscow. Saint Petersburg is one of the cities of Russia, as well as its cultural capital. The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Saint Petersburg is home to The Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world. A large number of consulates, international corporations, banks. Swedish colonists built Nyenskans, a fortress, at the mouth of the Neva River in 1611, in a then called Ingermanland. A small town called Nyen grew up around it, Peter the Great was interested in seafaring and maritime affairs, and he intended to have Russia gain a seaport in order to be able to trade with other maritime nations. He needed a better seaport than Arkhangelsk, which was on the White Sea to the north, on May 1703121703, during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great captured Nyenskans, and soon replaced the fortress. On May 271703, closer to the estuary 5 km inland from the gulf), on Zayachy Island, he laid down the Peter and Paul Fortress, which became the first brick and stone building of the new city. The city was built by conscripted peasants from all over Russia, tens of thousands of serfs died building the city. Later, the city became the centre of the Saint Petersburg Governorate, Peter moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg in 1712,9 years before the Treaty of Nystad of 1721 ended the war, he referred to Saint Petersburg as the capital as early as 1704. During its first few years, the city developed around Trinity Square on the bank of the Neva, near the Peter. However, Saint Petersburg soon started to be built out according to a plan, by 1716 the Swiss Italian Domenico Trezzini had elaborated a project whereby the city centre would be located on Vasilyevsky Island and shaped by a rectangular grid of canals. The project was not completed, but is evident in the layout of the streets, in 1716, Peter the Great appointed French Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond as the chief architect of Saint Petersburg. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences, University and Academic Gymnasium were established in Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great, in 1725, Peter died at the age of fifty-two. His endeavours to modernize Russia had met opposition from the Russian nobility—resulting in several attempts on his life
36.
New London, Connecticut
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New London is a seaport city and a port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States. It is located at the mouth of the Thames River in New London County, for several decades beginning in the early 19th century, New London was one of the worlds three busiest whaling ports, along with Nantucket and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The wealth that whaling brought into the city furnished the capital to fund much of the present architecture. New London subsequently became home to shipping and manufacturing industries. New London is now known in Connecticut for its wealth of art. The city is home to the United States Coast Guard Academy, Connecticut College, Mitchell College, the Coast Guard Station New London and New London Harbor is home port to the U. S. Coast Guard Cutter Chinook and the Coast Guards tall ship Eagle. New London had a population of 27,620 at the 2010 census, the Norwich-New London metropolitan area includes twenty-one towns and 274,055 people. The area was called Nameaug by the Pequot Indians, John Winthrop, Jr. founded the first English settlement here in 1646, making it about the 13th town settled in Connecticut. Inhabitants informally referred to it as Nameaug or as Pequot after the tribe, in the 1650s, the colonists wanted to give the town the official name of London after London, England, but the Connecticut General Assembly wanted to name it Faire Harbour. The citizens protested, declaring that they would prefer it to be called Nameaug if it couldnt be officially named London, the legislature relented, and the town was officially named New London on March 10,1658. The harbor was considered to be the best deep water harbor on Long Island Sound, famous New Londoners during the American Revolution include Nathan Hale, William Coit, Richard Douglass, Thomas & Nathaniel Shaw, Gen. Samuel Parsons, printer Timothy Green, and Samuel Seabury. It is often noted that this raid on New London and Groton was intended to divert General Washington, the main defensive fort for New London was Fort Griswold, located across the Thames River in Groton. It was well known to Arnold, who sold its secrets to the British fleet so that they could avoid its artillery fire, after overrunning New Londons Fort Trumbull, Ft. All told, more than 52 British soldiers and 83 militia were killed, New London suffered over 6 militia killed and 24 wounded, while Arnold and the British and Hessian raiding party suffered an equal amount. Connecticuts independent legislature made New London one of the first two cities brought from de facto to formalized incorporations in its January session of 1784, along with New Haven, during the War of 1812, torpedoes were employed in attempts to destroy British vessels and protect American harbors. In fact, a torpedo was used in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy HMS Ramillies while in New Londons harbor. Hardy to warn the Americans to cease efforts with the use of any boat in this cruel and unheard-of warfare. For several decades beginning in the early 19th century, New London was one of the three busiest whaling ports in the world, along with Nantucket and New Bedford, Massachusetts
37.
Savannah, New York
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Savannah is a town in the southeast portion of Wayne County, New York, United States. The population was 1,730 at the 2010 census, the town has a hamlet, also called Savannah. Government offices for the town are located there, fort Hill, located on the highest land in the town, is a historic native village and was the site of a Jesuit mission in the 17th Century, built by the remains of an earlier, Owasco, village. Like other nearby towns, Savannah was part of the Central New York Military Tract, settlers arrived in more modern times around 1808, but Savannah is considered to be the last town in the county that was settled. The Town of Savannah was created from the Town of Galen on November 24,1824, Wiley Schoolhouse is a fully restored historic one-room school for the former District #11 located at the intersection of Wiley, Hogback and Olmstead roads in the southwest part of town. The Crusoe House, located on N. Y. Route 89 near Crusoe Lake, is currently the oldest building in the Town of Savannah, originally a hotel and tavern, the first ever town meeting was held there in April 1825. It also served as the first post office. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 36.2 square miles. The east town line is the border of Cayuga County, and it is west of Syracuse, New York. New York State Route 31, an east-west highway, is conjoined with New York State Route 89. This swamp-ridden area north of Cayuga Lake has several areas, including Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge. The Montezuma Audubon Center, located on N. Y, as of the census of 2010, there were 1,730 people,630 households, and 430 families residing in the town. The population density was 48.1 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 95. 4% White,1. 6% Black or African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,0. 6% from other races, and 1. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 4% of the population,24. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the family size was 3.20. In the town, the population was out with 28. 4% under the age of 20,4. 5% from 20 to 24,23. 9% from 25 to 44,28. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39.7 years, for every 100 females there were 99.1 males
38.
Indianapolis
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Indianapolis, is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, with an estimated population of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th largest in the U. S. The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, home to 2 million people and its combined statistical area ranks 26th, with 2.4 million inhabitants. Indianapolis covers 372 square miles, making it the 16th largest city by area in the U. S. The city grew beyond the Mile Square, as completion of the National Road and advent of the railroad solidified the position as a manufacturing. Indianapolis is within a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nations population, Indianapolis has developed niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The city is perhaps best known for hosting the worlds largest single-day sporting event. The city is notable as headquarters for the American Legion and home to a significant collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead, the most in the U. S. outside of Washington, D. C. Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council, Indianapolis is considered a high sufficiency global city. In 1816, the year Indiana gained statehood, the U. S. Congress donated four sections of land to establish a permanent seat of state government. Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Marys and this tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820. The availability of new lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840. The first European Americans to permanently settle in the area that became Indianapolis were either the McCormick or Pogue families, on January 11,1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state legislature approved the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6,1821, in April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31,1821, a combined county and town government continued until 1832, when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30,1847, Samuel Henderson, the citys first mayor, led the new city government, which included a seven-member city council. In 1853, voters approved a new city charter provided for an elected mayor
39.
Dundee, Michigan
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Dundee is a village in Monroe County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,957 at the 2010 census, the village and the surrounding Dundee Township are served by Dundee Community Schools. Dundee is part of the Monroe metropolitan area, settled in as early as 1823, the Dundee Historic District offers a collection of shops and restaurants along the River Raisin. Dundee is nicknamed the Hub of the Highway due to the intersection of major thoroughfares at the villages center. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 6.08 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,957 people,1,539 households, the population density was 655.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,742 housing units at a density of 288.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 5% White,0. 9% African American,0. 4% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 5% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 6% of the population. 27. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.14. The median age in the village was 34.3 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18, 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,30. 1% were from 25 to 44,23. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48. 1% male and 51. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 3,522 people,1,389 households, and 913 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,091.5 per square mile, there were 1,477 housing units at an average density of 457.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 91% White,0. 65% African American,0. 40% Native American,0. 40% Asian,0. 23% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 19% of the population. 28. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.10. In the village, the population was out with 28. 9% under the age of 18,10. 9% from 18 to 24,32. 2% from 25 to 44,17. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 31 years, for every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males, the median income for a household in the village was $41,563, and the median income for a family was $49,479
40.
Saginaw, Michigan
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Saginaw /ˈsæɡ. ᵻ. nɔː/ is a city in the State of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw and Saginaw County are both located in the known as Mid-Michigan or Central Michigan. The city of Saginaw is located adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and is considered part of the Tri-City area, along with neighboring Bay City, the Saginaw County MSA had a population of 196,542 in 2013. The city is also the largest municipality within the Saginaw, Midland, the city of Saginaw was a thriving lumber town in the 19th century and an important industrial city and manufacturing center throughout much of the 20th century. However, by the late 20th century, Saginaws industry and its once-strong manufacturing presence declined, leading to increasing unemployment, crime, currently, economic development is focused on comparative advantages in innovation, clean energy, and continued manufacturing exports. The city continues to have a proportion of manufacturing jobs in comparison to the US. The name Saginaw is widely believed to mean where the Sauk were in the Ojibwe language, another possible explanation is that it originated from Sace-nong or Sak-e-nong because the Sauk people once lived there, or from Chippewa words meaning place of the outlet from sag, and ong. However, this name may be a mistake, when Natives told Samuel de Champlain that the Sauk nation was located on the west shore of Lake Michigan, Champlain mistakenly placed them on the western shore of Lake Huron. This mistake was copied on subsequent maps, and future references identified this as the place of the Sauks, the site of what later became the city of Saginaw was originally inhabited by the Sauk people, who lived in the area and were driven out by the Ojibwe. French missionaries and traders first appeared in the area during the late 17th century, the first permanent settlement by those other than Native Americans was in 1816 when Louis Campau established a trading post on the west bank of the Saginaw River. Shortly thereafter the United States established Fort Saginaw, campaus trading post was also inhabited by Metis. During Michigans territorial period, a county and township government were organized at Saginaw, growth of the settlement was fueled rapidly during the 19th century by the lumber industry. Saginaw was the site of sawmills and served as a port for Great Lakes vessels. What is now the city of Saginaw resulted from the consolidation of the cities of East Saginaw and Saginaw City in 1889. In 1819, Lewis Cass, in the Treaty of Saginaw, negotiated the prerogative for the United States to own, in 1820, Campau attempted to expand across to the east bank of the river but was rejected by the Chippewas. In 1822, the United States Army established a fort on the west bank of the Saginaw River, two companies were stationed at the fort. A group of investors purchased land near the fort and had it platted under the name. Due to the harsh seasons and illnesses, Fort Saginaw was abandoned by 1824
41.
El Cajon, California
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El Cajon is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. In a valley surrounded by mountains, the city has acquired the nickname of The Big Box and its name originated similarly, from the Spanish phrase el cajón, which means the box or the drawer. El Cajon, Spanish for the big box, was first recorded on September 10,1821, the name appeared on maps in 1873 and 1875, shortened to Cajon, until the modern town developed in which the post office was named Elcajon. In 1905, the name was again expanded to El Cajon under the insistence of California banker and historian. El Cajon is located at 32°47′54″N 116°57′36″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.4 square miles, all land. It is bordered by San Diego and La Mesa on the west, Spring Valley on the south, Santee on the north and it includes the neighborhoods of Fletcher Hills, Bostonia, and Rancho San Diego. Under the Köppen climate classification system, El Cajon straddles areas of Mediterranean climate, as a result, it is often described as arid Mediterranean and semi-arid Steppe. Like most inland areas in Southern California, the climate varies dramatically within a short distance, El Cajons climate has greater extremes compared to coastal San Diego. The farther east from the coast, the more arid the climate gets, until one reaches the mountains, El Cajons climate is warm during summer with mean temperatures averaging 70.1 °F or higher and cool during winter with mean temperatures averaging 55.4 °F or higher. The warmest month of the year is August with an maximum temperature of 88.1 °F. Temperature variations between night and day tend to be moderate with a difference of 24 °F during the summer. The annual average precipitation at El Cajon is 11.96 inches, rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the winter months, but rare in summer. The wettest month of the year is December with a rainfall of 3.80 inches. The record high temperature was 113 °F on June 14,1917, September 1,1955, July 22,2006, the record low temperature was 19 °F on January 8,1913. The wettest year was 1941 with 28.14 inches and the dryest year was 1989 with 1.51 inches, the most rainfall in one month was 11.43 inches in January 1993. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 5.60 inches on January 27,1916, a rare snowfall in November 1992 totaled 0.3 inches. 3 inches of snow covered the ground in January 1882, during Spanish rule, the government encouraged settlement of territory now known as California by the establishment of large land grants called ranchos, from which the English word ranch is derived. Land grants were made to the Roman Catholic Church which set up numerous missions throughout the region, in the early nineteenth century, mission padres search for pasture land led them to the El Cajon Valley
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Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
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Marie /ˌsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ is a city in, and the county seat of, Chippewa County in the U. S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the end of Michigans Upper Peninsula, on the Canada–US border. Marie, Ontario, by the St. Marys River, the city is relatively isolated from other communities in Michigan and is 346 miles from Detroit. The population was 14,144 at the 2010 census, making it the second most populous city in the Upper Peninsula, by contrast, the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie is much larger, with more than 75,000 residents, based on more extensive industry developed in the 20th century and an economy with closer connections to other communities. Marie had been settled by Native Americans more than 12,000 years ago and was a crossroads of fishing and trading of tribes around the Great Lakes, French colonists later established a fur trading post, which attracted trappers and Native Americans on a seasonal basis. Both Métis men and women were active in the trade and among the elite in the community, a fur-trading settlement quickly grew at the crossroads that straddled the banks of the river. It was the center of a route of 3,000 miles that extended from Montreal to the Sault. The settlement was a community under French colonial and later British colonial rule until 1817. The American and Canadian communities of Sault Ste, Marie were each incorporated as independent municipalities toward the end of the nineteenth century. Sault Sainte-Marie in French means the Rapids of Saint Mary, the Saint Marys River runs from Lake Superior to Lake Huron, what are now the twin border cities are located on either side. No hyphens are used in the English spelling, which is identical to the French. Anglophones say /ˌsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ and Francophones say, in French, the name can be written Sault-Sainte-Marie. On both sides of the border, the towns and the vicinity are called The Sault or The Soo. The two cities are joined by the International Bridge, which connects Interstate 75 in Sault Ste, Marie, Michigan, and Huron Street in Sault Ste. Shipping traffic in the Great Lakes system bypasses the rapids via the American Soo Locks, smaller recreational and tour boats use the Canadian Sault Ste. The citys downtown was developed on an island, with the locks to the north, Marie Power Canal to the south. People come from around the world to view shipping traffic pass through the locks, the largest ships are 1,000 feet long by 105 feet wide
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Lakewood, Ohio
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Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area, and borders the city of Cleveland, the population was 52,131 at the 2010 United States Census, making it the third largest city in Cuyahoga County, behind Cleveland and Parma. Lakewood, one of Clevelands inner-ring suburbs, borders the city of Cleveland to the west, lakewoods population density is the highest of any city in Ohio and is roughly comparable to that of Washington, DC. Lakewood was incorporated as a village in 1889, and named for its lakefront location, consequently, when Moses Cleaveland arrived in 1796, his activities were confined to the east side of the river. But it wasn’t until the treaty of July 4,1805, the treaty was approximately $5,000, which included the cost of rum, tobacco, and presents, as well as the fees for commissioners, agents, and contractors. First Government Lakewood, the first suburb west of Cleveland on the shores of Lake Erie, began as Township 7, Range 14 and it was a wooded wilderness through which cut the old Huron Post Road that ran from Buffalo, New York, to Detroit, Michigan. In 1819 a small group of eighteen families living in the area of present-day Lakewood, Rocky River, in April of that year, the first election took place in Rufus Wright’s tavern with a member of each household present. Three were elected as trustees, Henry Alger, Erastus Johnson, elected as overseers of the poor were James Nicholson and Samuel Dean. This type of government served Rockport for the next 70 years, in 1889 East Rockport, with 400 residents, separated from the township and became the Hamlet of Lakewood. Settlement accelerated rapidly, with Lakewood becoming a village with 3,500 residents in 1903, City status, with 12,000 residents, came just eight years later. By 1930 the population of Lakewood was 70,509, agriculture The early settlers in Township 7 sustained their lives through farming. The land was ideal for farming and many vineyards began to emerge. The fertile soil and lake climate that were ideal for producing crops is what attracted people to move to the township. There was also vast amounts of trees to be used for building homes, the most common occupations in Lakewood were farming and the building trades. First Roads Roads were the earliest influence on development in Lakewood, the Rockport Plank Road Company improved the old Detroit Road in 1848, opening a toll road from present-day West 25th Street in Cleveland to five miles west of the Rocky River. It continued operating as a road until 1901. A series of bridges spanning the Rocky River Valley, the first of which was built in 1821, an 1874 atlas of Cuyahoga County shows present-day main roads such as Detroit Avenue, Madison Avenue, Franklin Boulevard, Hilliard Road, Warren Road, and Riverside Drive. Schools Under the Ohio Common School Act of April 9,1867, three schools were allotted to East Rockport, called 6,8, and 10, they were later designated East, Middle, and West
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Long Beach, California
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Long Beach is the 36th most populous city in the United States and the 7th most populous in California. It is located on the Pacific Coast of the United States, as of 2010, its population was 462,257. Long Beach is the second largest city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the worlds largest shipping ports. The city also maintains a progressively declining oil industry with minor wells located both directly beneath the city as well as offshore, manufacturing sectors include those in aircraft, automotive parts, electronic equipment, audiovisual equipment, petrochemicals, precision metals and home furnishings. Long Beach lies in the corner of Los Angeles County. Downtown Long Beach is approximately 22 miles south of Downtown Los Angeles, indigenous people have lived in coastal Southern California for over 10,000 years, and several successive cultures have inhabited the present-day area of Long Beach. By the 16th-century arrival of Spanish explorers, the dominant group were the Tongva people and they had at least three major settlements within the present-day city. Tevaaxaanga was a settlement near the Los Angeles River, while Ahwaanga and Povuunga were coastal villages. Along with other Tongva villages, they were forced to relocate in the century due to missionization, political change. In 1784 the Spanish Empires King Carlos III granted Rancho Los Nietos to Spanish soldier Manuel Nieto, the Rancho Los Cerritos and Rancho Los Alamitos were divided from this territory. The boundary between the two ran through the center of Signal Hill on a southwest to northeast diagonal. A portion of western Long Beach was originally part of the Rancho San Pedro and its boundaries were in dispute for years, due to flooding changing the Los Angeles River boundary, between the ranchos of Juan Jose Dominguez and Manuel Nieto. In 1843 Jonathan Temple bought Rancho Los Cerritos, having arrived in California in 1827 from New England and he built what is now known as the Los Cerritos Ranch House, a still-standing adobe which is a National Historic Landmark. Temple created a cattle ranch and prospered, becoming the wealthiest man in Los Angeles County. Both Temple and his house played important local roles in the Mexican–American War. On an island in the San Pedro Bay, Mormon pioneers made an attempt to establish a colony. Two years previous Flint, Bixby & Co had also purchased along with Northern California associate James Irvine, to manage Rancho Los Cerritos, the company selected Lewellyns brother Jotham Bixby, the Father of Long Beach. Three years later Bixby bought into the property and would form the Bixby Land Company
