1.
1918 World Series
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The 1918 World Series featured the Boston Red Sox, who defeated the Chicago Cubs four games to two. The Series victory for the Red Sox was their fifth in five tries, the Red Sox scored only nine runs in the entire Series, the fewest runs by the winning team in World Series history. Along with the 1906 and 1907 World Series, the 1918 World Series is one of only three Fall Classics where neither team hit a home run, the 1918 Series was played under several metaphorical dark clouds. The Series was marred by players threatening to strike due to low gate receipts, the Red Sox had played their home games in the 1915 and 1916 World Series in the more expansive Braves Field, but they returned to Fenway Park for the 1918 series. The 1918 World Series marked the first time The Star Spangled Banner was performed at a league game. During the seventh-inning stretch of Game 1, the band playing the song because the country was involved in World War I. The song would be named the national anthem of the United States in 1931, the winning pitcher of Game 1 was Babe Ruth, who pitched a shutout. The 1918 championship would be the last Red Sox win until 2004, the drought of 86 years was often attributed to the Curse of the Bambino. The alleged curse came to be when Red Sox owner Harry Frazee traded the superbly talented, the Cubs would not win their next World Series until 2016. The Red Sox, who had won the American League but lost the Series in 1946,1967,1975, of note, Ted Williams was born August 30,1918, and so was 12 days old when the Red Sox clinched the victory in this Series. He was part of Bostons next appearance in 1946, the only World Series he played in and he died in 2002, two years before the Red Sox next Series championship. After Game 6, it would be some 87 years until the Cubs, a three-game interleague matchup at Wrigley Field began June 10,2005, and was Bostons first ever visit to the park. The Cubs would not return to Fenway Park for nearly 94 years until a three-game interleague matchup beginning May 20,2011, † For the first time in the Series, all four umpires worked in the infield on a rotating basis. In previous Series from 1909 through 1917, two of the four umpires had been positioned in the outfield for each game, in addition to the plate umpire. AL Boston Red Sox vs. NL Chicago Cubs Game 1 went to the Red Sox, 1–0, stuffy McInnis knocked in the games only run, driving in Dave Shean with a fourth-inning single off Hippo Vaughn. The Cubs rebounded to knot the Series with a 3–1 victory in Game 2 the next day, tyler himself hit a two-run single in the second inning to make the score 3–0 and carried a shutout into the ninth inning, when the Red Sox scored their only run. The series remained in Chicago for Game 3 due to restrictions on travel. The Red Sox emerged victorious, 2–1, and took a 2–1 lead in the Series, wally Schang and Everett Scotts back-to-back RBI singles in the fourth inning were all Boston needed for the win
2.
American League
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The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League, is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a league based in the Great Lakes states. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season,25 years after the formation of the National League. At the end of season, the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion. Through 2016, American League teams have won 64 of the 112 World Series played since 1903, the 2016 American League champions are the Cleveland Indians. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics. Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the American League later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded, in its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League, babe Ruth, noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference versus the National League, in 1902, the Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis and were renamed the St. Louis Browns. In 1902, The Cleveland Bluebirds were also renamed the Cleveland Broncos, in 1903, the Broncos were renamed the Cleveland Naps. In 1915, the Naps were renamed the Cleveland Indians, in 1903, the Baltimore Orioles moved to New York and were renamed the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the Highlanders were renamed the New York Yankees, in 1904, the Chicago White Stockings were renamed the Chicago White Sox. In 1908, the Boston Americans were renamed the Boston Red Sox, in 1954, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and were renamed as the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and were renamed as the Kansas City Athletics, in 1961, the league expanded and added two teams as the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators, expanding the league to 10 teams. The original Senators team moved to Minneapolis/St, Paul in 1961 and were renamed as the Minnesota Twins. The Angels team name changed to the California Angels in 1966, then to the Anaheim Angels in 1997, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots were added to the American League, expanding the league to 12 teams. In 1970, the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, in 1972, the Washington Senators relocated to the Dallas/Fort Worth area and were renamed the Texas Rangers. In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the Seattle Mariners, in 1998, the Tampa Bay Rays was added to the American League and at the same time, the Milwaukee Brewers were switched to the National League, leaving the American League with 14 teams
3.
Fenway Park
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Fenway Park is a baseball park located in Boston, at 4 Yawkey Way near Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home for the Boston Red Sox and it is the oldest ballpark in MLB. It is the fourth-smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second-smallest by total capacity, Fenway has hosted the World Series ten times, with the Red Sox winning five of them, and the Boston Braves winning one. The first, in the inaugural season, was the 1912 World Series. April 20,2012, marked Fenway Parks centennial, on March 7 of that year, the park was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Former pitcher Bill Lee has called Fenway Park a shrine and it is a pending Boston Landmark which will regulate further changes to the park. Today, the park is considered to be one of the most well-known sports venues in the world, the Red Sox moved to Fenway Park from the old Huntington Avenue Grounds. In 1911, owner John I. Taylor purchased the land bordered by Brookline Avenue, Jersey Street, Van Ness Street and Lansdowne Street and developed it into a larger baseball stadium. However, given that Taylors family also owned the Fenway Realty Company, like many classic ballparks, Fenway Park was constructed on an asymmetrical block, with consequent asymmetry in its field dimensions. The General Contractor was the Charles Logue Building Company, the first game was played April 20,1912, with mayor John F. Fitzgerald throwing out the first pitch and Boston defeating the New York Highlanders, 7-6 in 11 innings. Newspaper coverage of the opening was overshadowed by continuing coverage of the Titanic sinking a few days earlier, Fenway Park has historically drawn low attendance, its lowest occurring late in the 1965 season with two games having paid attendance under 500 spectators. On Wednesday, June 17,2009, the park celebrated its 500th consecutive Red Sox sellout, according to WBZ-TV, the team joined three NBA teams which achieved 500 consecutive home sellouts. The sellout streak ended on April 11,2013, in all the Red Sox sold out 794 regular season games, the parks address was originally 24 Jersey Street. In 1977, the section of Jersey Street nearest the park was renamed Yawkey Way in honor of longtime Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey, and the parks address is now 4 Yawkey Way. Some of the include, In 1934, a hand-operated scoreboard was added, with what was then considered high-technology lights to indicate balls. The scoreboard is updated by hand today from behind the wall. The National League scores were removed in 1976, but restored in 2003, in 1946, upper deck seats were installed, Fenway Park is essentially the first double-tiered ballpark in Boston since the South End Grounds of the 1880s. In 1947, arc lights were installed at Fenway Park, the Boston Red Sox were the third-to-last team out of 16 major league teams to have lights in their home park
4.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
5.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
6.
Harry Frazee
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Harry Herbert Frazee was an American theatrical agent, producer and director, and owner of the Major League Baseball Boston Red Sox from 1916 to 1923. He is well known for selling Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees, Harry Frazee was born June 29,1880, in Peoria, Illinois, son of William and Margaret Frazee. He attended Peoria High School, where he was a teammate of Harry Bay. At 16, Frazee became assistant manager of the Peoria Theater, within a year, he was player-coach of the Peoria Distillers semi-pro baseball club. As his theatrical endeavors continued, Frazee moved to Chicago, where he built the Cort Theater in 1907 and he also promoted a boxing match between Jess Willard and Jack Johnson on April 5,1915 in Havana, Cuba and was reported by then to be a millionaire. Frazee bought the Boston Red Sox baseball team from Joseph Lannin for a reported $500,000 after their victory in the 1916 World Series, the Sox won another World Series title in 1918. The team finished in sixth in 1919, and after the 1919 season Frazee started selling players to the New York Yankees, then he left the Red Sox in bankruptcy while continuing to make theatre productions. After the sale of Ruth, the team crashed into the American League cellar, the Red Sox would not win another pennant until 1946, and would not win another World Series until 2004, the third longest drought in MLB history. He was the subject of a portrait in Fred Liebs account of the Red Sox. This would become an element in the Curse of the Bambino. The truth is more nuanced and has as much to do with a long-running dispute between Frazee and American League founder and president Ban Johnson as it does with Frazees finances. Frazee was the first American League owner who hadnt been essentially hand-picked by Johnson, in response, Johnson began actively campaigning to yank the Red Sox from under Frazee. The dispute finally boiled over in the summer of 1919 when pitcher Carl Mays jumped the team, Johnson ordered him suspended, but Frazee instead sold him to the then-moribund Yankees. Johnson had promised Yankee owners Jacob Ruppert and Cap Huston to get better players. The Mays flap divided the American League into two factions—the Yankees, Red Sox and Chicago White Sox on one side and the five clubs, known as the Loyal Five. Under the circumstances, when Frazee finally lost patience with Ruth, under pressure from Johnson, the Loyal Five rejected Frazees overtures almost out of hand. In effect, Johnson limited Frazee to dealing with either the White Sox or the Yankees. With the note from Lannin that hed used in part to finance his purchase of the Red Sox having come due in November 1919, Frazee had little choice, Ruth became the property of the Yankees on January 5,1920
7.
Ed Barrow
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Edward Grant Barrow was an American manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball. He served as the manager of the Detroit Tigers and Boston Red Sox. He served as manager of the New York Yankees from 1921 to 1939 and as team president from 1939 to 1945. Barrow was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953, born in a covered wagon in Springfield, Illinois, Barrow worked as a journalist and soap salesman before entering the business of baseball by selling concessions at games. From there, Barrow purchased minor league teams, also serving as team manager. After managing the Tigers in 1903 and 1904 and returning to the leagues, Barrow became disenchanted with baseball. Barrow returned to baseball in 1910 as president of the Eastern League, after a seven-year tenure, Barrow managed the Red Sox from 1918 through 1920, leading the team to victory in the 1918 World Series. When Red Sox owner Harry Frazee began to sell his star players, during his quarter-century as their baseball operations chief, the Yankees won 14 AL pennants and 10 World Series titles. Barrow was born in Springfield, Illinois, the oldest of four children, all male, born to Effie Ann Vinson-Heller, Barrows father fought in the Ohio Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Following the war, Barrows parents, with Johns mother, brothers, the Barrows lived in Nebraska for six years before moving to Des Moines, Iowa. His middle name, Grant, was bestowed on him in honor of Ulysses S. Grant, Barrow worked as mailing clerk for the Des Moines News in 1887, receiving a promotion to circulation manager within a year. He became a reporter for the Des Moines Leader after graduating high school. He became city editor, earning $35 a week, in his last two years living in Des Moines, Barrow established a baseball team, which included future baseball stars Fred Clarke, Ducky Holmes, and Herm McFarland. Barrow moved to Pittsburgh in 1889, where he worked as a soap salesman, however, Barrow lost all of money in this business, and went to work as a desk clerk in a Pittsburgh hotel. Barrow partnered with Harry Stevens in 1894 to sell concessions at baseball games and he helped George Moreland form the Interstate League, a Class-C minor league, in 1894. Barrow, with Stevens and Al Buckenberger, purchased the Wheeling Nailers of the Interstate League in 1896, Barrow served as field manager until the collapse of the league that season. The team continued in the Iron and Oil League for the rest of the year, Barrow then bought the Paterson Silk Weavers of the Class-A Atlantic League, managing them for the rest of the 1896 season. Barrow discovered Honus Wagner throwing lumps of coal at a station in Pennsylvania
8.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
9.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
10.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
11.
National League
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Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series, after the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016, the 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs. By 1875, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was dangerously weak, additionally, Hulbert had a problem—five of his star players were threatened with expulsion from the NAPBBP because Hulbert had signed them to his club using what were considered questionable means. Hulbert had a vested interest in creating his own league. After recruiting St. Louis privately, four western clubs met in Louisville, Kentucky, Boston Red Stockings, the dominant team in the N. A. Hartford Dark Blues from the N. A. Mutual of New York from the N. A. St. Louis Brown Stockings from the N. A, the only strong club from 1875 excluded in 1876 was a second one in Philadelphia, often called the White Stockings or Phillies. The first game in National League history was played on April 22,1876, at Philadelphias Jefferson Street Grounds, 25th & Jefferson, the new leagues authority was tested after the first season. The National League operated with six clubs during 1877 and 1878, over the next several years, various teams joined and left the struggling league. By 1880, six of the eight members had folded. The two remaining original NL franchises, Boston and Chicago, remain in operation today as the Atlanta Braves, in 1883 the New York Gothams and Philadelphia Phillies began National League play. Both teams remain in the NL today, the Phillies in their original city, the NL encountered its first strong rival organization when the American Association began play in 1882. The A. A. played in cities where the NL did not have teams, offered Sunday games and alcoholic beverages in locales where permitted, the National League and the American Association participated in a version of the World Series seven times during their ten-year coexistence. These contests were less organized than the modern Series, lasting as few as three games and as many as fifteen, with two Series ending in disputed ties, the NL won four times and the A. A. only once, in 1886. Starting with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1887, the National League began to raid the American Association for franchises to replace NL teams that folded and this undercut the stability of the A. A. Other new leagues that rose to compete with the National League were the Union Association, the Union Association was established in 1884 and folded after playing only one season, its league champion St. Louis Maroons joining the NL. The NL suffered many defections of star players to the Players League, the Brooklyn, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York franchises of the NL absorbed their Players League counterparts. The labor strife of 1890 hastened the downfall of the American Association, after the 1891 season, the A. A. disbanded and merged with the NL, which became known legally for the next decade as the National League and American Association
12.
2004 Boston Red Sox season
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The 2004 Boston Red Sox season was the 104th season in the franchises Major League Baseball history. Managed by Terry Francona, the Red Sox finished with a 98–64 record, the Red Sox qualified for the postseason as the AL wild card, swept the Anaheim Angels in the ALDS, and faced the Yankees in the ALCS for the second straight year. The Red Sox then swept the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series, november 28,2003, Casey Fossum, Brandon Lyon, Jorge de la Rosa, and Michael Goss were traded by the Red Sox to the Arizona Diamondbacks for Curt Schilling. December 16,2003, Mark Bellhorn was acquired by the Red Sox from the Colorado Rockies as part of a conditional deal, december 22,2003, Gabe Kapler was signed as a free agent by the Red Sox. During the 2003–04 off season, the Red Sox acquired a starting ace pitcher, Curt Schilling, as well as a closer, many visitors at their Spring training at Fort Myers, Florida were very enthusiastic about the 2004 Red Sox team. Expectations once again ran high that 2004 would finally be the year that the Red Sox ended their championship drought. The regular season started well in April, but through midseason the team struggled due to injuries, inconsistency and defensive woes, and fell more than eight games behind New York. A bright point came on July 24, when the Red Sox overcame a deficit as Bill Mueller hit a game-winning home run to right-center off Yankees closer Mariano Rivera. The game also featured the infamous brawl between Yankee superstar Alex Rodriguez and Red Sox catcher and captain Jason Varitek, in a separate transaction, the Red Sox also traded AAA outfielder Henri Stanley to the Los Angeles Dodgers for center fielder Dave Roberts. The team played its games at Fenway Park, before a regular season total attendance of 2,837,294 fans. Note, Pos = position, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, the Red Sox blew out the Angels 9–3 in Game 1, scoring 7 of those runs in the fourth inning. However, the Sox 2003 off season prize pickup Curt Schilling suffered a tendon when he was hit by a line drive. The injury was exacerbated when Schilling fielded a ball rolling down the first base line, the second game, pitched by Pedro Martínez, stayed close until Boston scored four in the ninth to win 8–3. In game three, what looked to be a blowout turned out to be a nail-biter, as Vladimir Guerrero hit a grand slam off Mike Timlin in the top of the inning to tie it at six. However, David Ortiz, who was noted for his hitting, delivered in the 10th inning with a game winning two-run homer, off Jarrod Washburn. The Red Sox advanced to a rematch in the 2004 American League Championship Series against their bitter rivals, despite high hopes that the Red Sox would finally vanquish their nemesis from the Bronx, the series started disastrously for them. Curt Schilling pitched with the tendon sheath in his right ankle he had suffered in Game 1 of the Division Series against Anaheim. Yankee starter Mike Mussina had six innings, and held an 8–0 lead
13.
Carl Mays
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Carl William Mays was a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1915 to 1929. Chapman became the only Major League player to die as a result of an on-field injury. According to his World War I draft card, Carl William Mays was born November 12,1892 in Atterson and his father was a Methodist minister named William Henry Mays. Carl had an upbringing as a child. Much like legendary pitcher Christy Mathewson, Mays refused to pitch on Sundays and he was known for a habit of throwing inside to any batter who hugged the plate. Despite a stellar record, Mays was typically among the American League leaders in hit batsmen. When Mays was 12, his father died, Mays internalized his grief, settling into a surly persona. He had very few friends in the baseball world and his best personal support group was a couple named Pierce and Genevieve Mays. Pierce may have related to Carl, and the couple served as a surrogate uncle. In 1915, while a member of the Boston Red Sox, Mays threw at Cobb each time he came to bat. In the eighth inning, after a pitch, Cobb threw his bat in Mays direction. Mays responded by calling Cobb a yellow dog, after order was restored, Mays hit Cobb directly on the wrist. The Tigers won the game 6–1 and the incident cemented Mays reputation as a head hunter, the Yankees were trailing when Ray Chapman came to the plate in the fifth inning on August 16,1920. Mays was pursuing his 100th career win that day, Chapman had a sacrifice bunt in the first inning and popped up to Yankee first baseman Wally Pipp in the third. Angered that Chapman was crowding the plate, Mays let loose with a fastball that he claimed was in the strike zone. The impact of the ball striking Chapman in the head was so loud that Mays thought it had hit Chapmans bat, Mays caught the ball as it bounced onto the field and threw it to Pipp at first base. Chapman fell to the ground trying to make his way to first base. Cleveland teammate and long-time friend Tris Speaker raced from the on deck circle to check on Chapman and he was joined by several players from the Indians and Yankees
14.
Bullet Joe Bush
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He is credited with having developed the forkball pitch. He led the American League in losses in 1916, walks allowed in 1924, while with the Athletics in 1916, when he led the league in losses, he won 15 games, the entire team won only 36 during what was then a Major League-worst 36-117 season. This was 41. 7% of the teams total wins, on August 26 of that season, Bush no-hit the Cleveland Indians 5-0 at Shibe Park, a first inning, leadoff walk to Jack Graney was the only thing that kept him from a perfect game. Bush finished fourth in voting for the 1922 American League MVP and he also had a 26–7 win-loss record,255 ⅓ innings pitched,85 walks allowed,92 strikeouts, and a 3.31 earned run average.51 ERA. Bush died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida at the age of 81
15.
Babe Ruth
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George Herman Babe Ruth Jr. was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Ruth established many MLB batting records, including home runs, runs batted in, bases on balls, slugging percentage, and on-base plus slugging. Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time, in 1936, Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its first five inaugural members. At age seven, Ruth was sent to St, in 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox. By 1916, he had built a reputation as a pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs. With regular playing time, he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919, after that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy. The trade fueled Bostons subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the Curse of the Bambino superstition, in his 15 years with New York, Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League championships and four World Series championships. As part of the Yankees vaunted Murderers Row lineup of 1927, Ruth hit 60 home runs and he retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves. During his career, Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times, Ruths legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties. During his career, he was the target of press and public attention for his baseball exploits. His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals, after his retirement as a player, he was denied a managerial job in baseball, most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career. In his final years, Ruth made many appearances, especially in support of American efforts in World War II. In 1946, he became ill with cancer, and died two years later, George Herman Ruth Jr. was born in 1895 at 216 Emory Street in Pigtown, a working-class section of Baltimore, Maryland, named for its meat-packing plants. Its population included recent immigrants from Ireland, Germany and Italy, Ruths parents, George Herman Ruth, Sr. and Katherine Schamberger, were both of German American ancestry. According to the 1880 census, his parents were born in Maryland, the paternal grandparents of Ruth, Sr. were from Prussia and Hanover. Ruth, Sr. had a series of jobs, including lightning rod salesman and streetcar operator, before becoming a counterman in a combination grocery. George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his grandfather, Pius Schamberger. Only one of young Georges seven siblings, his younger sister Mamie, many details of Ruths childhood are unknown, including the date of his parents marriage
16.
Slugging percentage
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In baseball statistics, slugging percentage is a popular measure of the power of a hitter. Walks are specifically excluded from this calculation, the name is a misnomer, as the statistic is not a percentage but a scale of measure whose computed value is a rational number in the interval. For example, in 1920, Babe Ruth played his first season for the New York Yankees. In 458 at bats, Ruth had 172 hits, comprising 73 singles,36 doubles,9 triples, and 54 home runs, a predecessor metric was developed by Branch Rickey in 1954. Rickey, in Life magazine, suggested that combining OBP with what he called extra base power would give a better indicator of performance than typical Triple Crown stats. EBP was a predecessor to slugging percentage, allen Barra and George Ignatin were early adopters in combining the two modern-day statistics, multiplying them together to form what is now known as SLOB. OPS simply stands for on-base plus slugging, and is an addition of the two values. Because it is easy to calculate, OPS has been used with increased frequency in recent years as a form to evaluate contributions as a batter. The maximum numerically possible slugging percentage is 4.000, a number of MLB players have momentarily had a 4.000 career slugging percentage by homering in their first major league at-bat. No player has ever retired with a 4.000 slugging percentage, the players are Eric Cammack, Scott Munninghoff, Eduardo Rodríguez, and Charlie Lindstrom. List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders Moneyball Sabermetrics Slugging Percentage Calculator
17.
Road (sports)
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A road game or away game is a sports game where the specified team is not the host and must travel to another venue. Most professional teams represent cities or towns and amateur sports teams often represent academic institutions, each team has a location where it practices during the season and where it hosts games. When a team is not the host, it must travel to games. Thus, when a team is not hosting a game, the team is described as the team, the visiting team, or the away team. The venue in which the game is played is described as the stadium or the road. The host team is said to be the home team, major sporting events, if not held at a neutral venue, are often over several legs at each teams home ground, so that neither team has an advantage over the other. Occasionally, the team may not have to travel very far at all to a road game. These matches often become local derbies, a few times a year, a road team may even be lucky enough to have the road game played at their own home stadium or arena. This is prevalent in college athletics where many schools will play in regional leagues or groundshare. The related term true road game has seen increasing use in U. S. college sports in the 21st century, while regular-season tournaments and other special events have been part of college sports from their creation, the 21st century has seen a proliferation of such events. These are typically held at sites, with some of them taking place outside the contiguous U. S. or even outside the country entirely. In turn, this has led to the use of true road game to refer to contests played at one home venue. In some association football leagues, particularly in Europe, the teams fans sit in their own section. Depending on the stadium, they will either sit in a designated section or be separated from the home fans by a cordon of police officers. However, in the leagues in England, supporters may be free to mix. When games are played at a site, for instance the FA Cup final in England which is always played at Wembley Stadium. This results in each team occupying one half of the stadium and this is different from other sports, particularly in North America, where very few fans travel to games played away from their home stadium. Home and away fans are not separated at these games
18.
Harry Hooper
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Harry Bartholomew Hooper was a Major League Baseball right fielder in the early 20th century. Hooper batted left-handed and threw right-handed, Hooper was born in Bell Station, California, and he graduated from St. Marys College of California. He played for league teams between 1909 and 1925, spending most of that time with the Boston Red Sox and finishing his career with the Chicago White Sox. Hooper was often known for his skills and he was among the league leaders in defensive categories such as putouts by a right fielder. During several seasons with Boston, he teamed up with Duffy Lewis and Tris Speaker to form one of the best outfield trios in baseball history, Hooper is also one of only two members of 4 separate Red Sox World Series championships. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971, Hooper was born on August 24,1887 in Bell Station, California. His family had migrated to California as many families from the United States due to the California Gold Rush. His father, Joseph Joe Hooper, was born in Morrell, Joe was the fourth child and second boy born to English-born William Hooper, Harrys grandfather, and his Portuguese wife Louisa. Harry was the youngest child in his family of four, having a sister named Lulu and older twin brothers named George. Hoopers mother, Mary Katherine, was from Frankfurt, Germany, Hoopers two older brothers had been forced to quit school early to work on the family farm, but Hooper showed an affinity for school, especially in math. One of Hoopers teachers helped to convince his parents to allow Hooper to attend a school in Oakland. After graduating from the school affiliated with Saint Marys College of California. While he had not been a student at Saint Marys. Hooper had been a pitcher when he signed with the Oakland Commuters in 1907 to begin his minor league career, in 41 games with Oakland, he hit for a.301 batting average in 156 at bats. He spent the year with the Sacramento Senators, hitting.344 in 77 games. His contract with Sacramento also provided him with work as a surveyor when he was not playing baseball. Hooper did not know it at first, but his manager in Sacramento, Graham helped to arrange a meeting between Hooper and Red Sox owner John I. Taylor. Hooper was signed to a $2,800 contract with Boston, breaking into the majors with the Red Sox in 1909, Hooper played in 81 games for the team and hit.282
19.
Dave Shean
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David William Shean was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played from 1906 through 1919 for the Philadelphia Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, Boston Doves, Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds, listed at 5 ft 11 in,175 lb. Shean batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Arlington, Massachusetts, a graduated of Fordham University, Shean was a well-traveled utility who spent 14 years in baseball, nine of them in the major leagues. His most productive came in 1918 with Boston, when he posted career-numbers in batting average and runs. He also was a member of the World Champions Red Sox in the 1918 Series. In a nine-season career, Shean was a.228 hitter with six runs and 166 RBI in 630 games, including 225 runs,59 doubles,23 triples. In six Series games, he hit.211 with a double, following his baseball career, Shean was president of Nathan Robbins Company, a poultry concern. Shean died at the age of 79 in Boston, Massachusetts, after suffering injuries in an automobile accident
20.
Amos Strunk
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Amos Aaron Strunk was a center fielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1908 through 1924. A member of four World Series champion teams, Strunk batted, then, he returned with the Athletics in 1924, his last major league season. Five times he led American League outfielders in fielding percentage, and played in five World Series with the Athletics and Red Sox. In a 17-season career, Strunk was a.284 hitter with 15 home runs and 530 RBI in 1512 games played, following his baseball career, Strunk spent fifty years in the insurance business. He died in Llanerch, Pennsylvania, at the age of 90, from 1911–18, he averaged 20 stolen bases per season, with a career-high 29 in 1912. In three seasons, he hit.300 or more, with a career-high.332 in 1921, in 1923, he led the AL with 12 pinch-hits in 39 at-bats. He achieved a notable 1.73 walk-to-strikeout ratio, list of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Retrosheet Amos Strunk at Find a Grave
21.
Dick Hoblitzell
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Richard Carleton Dick Hoblitzell played first base in the major leagues from 1908 to 1918. He played for the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox, nicknamed Doc by his teammates, Hoblitzells baseball career was cut short with his World War I induction into the US Army as a dentist in 1918. Born in Waverly, West Virginia, Hoblitzell excelled in football at Parkersburg High School in Parkersburg, West Virginia, he was the teams halfback and he played minor-league baseball at the age of 16, taking an assumed name so that he would not lose his collegiate eligibility. He played football at Marietta College and the University of Pittsburgh and he played football in the days preceding professional football, so he decided to pursue a career in baseball. He later became the first Pitt alumnus to enter major-league baseball, Hoblitzell signed with the Cincinnati Reds in 1908, playing with the team through 1914 and studying dentistry in the offseasons. He was the National League at-bats leader in 1910 and 1911, in the middle of the 1914 season, he was waived by the Reds and claimed by the Boston Red Sox. With Boston, Hoblitzell won two consecutive World Series, Hoblitzell was often assigned to room with Babe Ruth when the team traveled, as the teams management hoped that Hoblitzell would be a good influence on the rowdy superstar. Hoblitzells baseball career was interrupted by his induction into the U. S. Army Dental Corps in 1918 and he finished his career with 1,318 games played,1,310 hits,27 home runs,593 RBIs and a.278 batting average. After his military service, Hoblitzell was a manager in minor-league baseball, in 1929 and 1930, he spent two years managing the Charlotte team in the South Atlantic League. Though he liked Charlotte, he ended up managing a team in Charleston in 1931. Hoblitzell had distant relatives in Charleston, including future politician John D. Hoblitzell Jr. after that season, Hoblitzell moved to a 540-acre farm in Wood County, West Virginia. He began umpiring minor-league baseball in the 1930s, assigned to the Class AAA International League, Hoblitzell became the county commissioner for Wood County in 1942, and he served for six years. In 1952, he began a stint as the county sheriff. He also worked in real estate, at various times, Hoblitzell also coached baseball at West Point and worked in newspaper and radio. Though Hoblitzell did not open a practice, he performed some dental work for friends at his home. He died of cancer in 1962. Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference
22.
Stuffy McInnis
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John Phalen Stuffy McInnis was a first baseman and manager in Major League Baseball. McInnis gained his nickname as a youngster in the Boston suburban leagues, from 1909-27, McInnis played for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Indians, Boston Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates and Philadelphia Phillies. In a 19-season career, McInnis posted a.307 batting average with 20 home runs and 1,062 RBI in 2,128 games, a native of Gloucester, Massachusetts, McInnis broke into baseball with the Philadelphia Athletics as a shortstop in 1909. Two seasons later, he replaced Harry Davis at first base as a member of the famous $100,000 infield, teaming up with second baseman Eddie Collins, third baseman Frank Baker and shortstop Jack Barry. As prices and costs rose in later years the tag seemed low, the Athletics were in their prime, winning the American League pennant in 1910,1911,1913 and 1914, and back-to-back World Championships in 1910 and 1911. The $100,000 infield broken up after Collins was sold to the White Sox, Baker went to the Yankees, only McInnis stayed, and he was traded to the Red Sox at the end of the 1917 season. McInnis was part of the Red Sox in the 1918 World Series and he drove in the only run of Babe Ruths 1-0 pitching victory over the Chicago Cubs in Game 1 of the Series. He joined Cleveland for one season in 1922 before going to the National League in 1923 and he played with the Braves and Pirates, and also managed the Phillies in 1927, his last year in the majors. A good contact line drive hitter, McInnis batted over.300 during 12 of his 19 seasons and his most productive season came in 1912, when he hit.327, though he batted.368 in 59 games for the Pirates champion team in 1925. Extremely hard to strike out, he fanned only 189 times in 7,822 at-bats, in 1921, he struck out only 9 times in 584 at bats. McInnis also excelled in moving ahead with sacrifice hits. His career total of 384 sacrifice hits is third best in MLB history, McInnis also was an especially solid defensive player. He for decades held major league fielding records for first basemen over one season. In 1921, he played in 152 games with the Red Sox and committed one error in 1,651 chances for a.9993 mark. Between May 31,1921, and June 2,1922, on June 25,2007, Kevin Youkilis played in his 120th consecutive game at first base without an error, breaking the prior Red Sox record set in 1921 by McInnis. His streak was snapped at 238 games on June 7,2008, following his retirement as a player, McInnis coached the Norwich University baseball team from 1931 until 1944 and the Harvard baseball team from 1949-54. He died in Ipswich, Massachusetts, at age 69. norwich. edu/89-0/ Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Baseball Almanac Stuffy McInnis at Find a Grave
23.
George Whiteman
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George Whiteman was an outfielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a left fielder for the Boston Americans, New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox between the 1907 and 1918. Listed at 57,160 lb. Whiteman batted and threw right-handed and he was born in Peoria, Illinois. In a three-season career, Whiteman posted a.272 batting average with one run and 31 runs batted in in 85 games played. A 35-year-old minor league journeyman, Whiteman filled in outfield for the Boston Red Sox whenever Babe Ruth was pitching, prior to the 1918 season, he had played in only 15 major league games since 1907 before becoming the surprise hero of the World Champion Boston team. He never appeared in major league game after the Series. Whiteman died in Houston, Texas, at the age of 64
24.
Everett Scott
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Lewis Everett Scott, nicknamed Deacon, was an American professional baseball player. Scott served as captain of both the Red Sox and Yankees, who have become fierce rivals and he compiled a lifetime batting average of.249, hitting 20 home runs with 551 runs batted in in 1,654 games. As of 2015, it is still the third-longest streak in history, after retiring from baseball, Scott became a successful professional bowler. He died in Fort Wayne, Indiana, at the age of 67 and he was posthumously inducted into the Indiana Sports Hall of Fame and Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame. Scott was born in Bluffton, Indiana and he had two brothers and a sister. His father, Lewis, had moved to Bluffton from Warren, Indiana, Lewis brother, Frame, had been a baseball player when he was younger. Scott attended Bluffton High School, where he played for the baseball and basketball teams. Scott married his school sweetheart, Gladys Watt, in 1912. After graduating from Bluffton, Scott made his professional debut in Minor League Baseball with the Kokomo Wild Cats of the Class D Northern State of Indiana League in 1909. He moved to the Fairmont Champions of the Class D Pennsylvania–West Virginia League for the remainder of the 1909 season and he began the 1910 season with Fairmont, and completed the season with Kokomo. He joined the Youngstown Steelmen of the Class C Ohio–Pennsylvania League in 1911, and remained with them in 1912, jimmy McAleer, a native of Youngstown and minority owner of the Boston Red Sox of the American League, noticed Scott playing for the Steelmen. On McAleers suggestion, the Red Sox purchased Scott from Youngstown after the 1912 season, towards the end of the 1913 season, the Red Sox recalled Scott. Bill Phillips, manager of the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the outlaw Federal League, Scott remained with the Red Sox, signing a contract for $2,500 for the 1914 season. Scott made his league debut on April 14,1914 for the Red Sox. His batting average dropped to.201 in the 1915 season, the Red Sox won the AL pennant, and defeated the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1915 World Series. Scott had one hit in 18 at bats during the series, on June 20,1916, Scott began a consecutive games played streak. Scott batted.232 in the 1916 season and led all AL shortstops in fielding percentage, in the 1916 World Series, the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins. Scott had two hits in 16 at bats, and Wilbert Robinson of the Robins nicknamed Scott Trolley Wire due to his accurate throws, after a contract dispute, when Scott refused a pay cut from the Red Sox, Scott signed a contract for the 1918 season
25.
Sam Agnew
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Samuel Lester Agnew was a catcher in Major League Baseball. From 1913 through 1919, he played for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox and he was born in Farmington, Missouri. Agnew debuted with the St. Louis Browns on April 10,1913, in 105 games his rookie season, Sam hit.208 with 2 home runs and 24 RBI, stealing 11 bases, in 307 at bats. In 1914, Agnew hit.212 with 16 RBI in 115 games and that season he finished 23rd in the balloting for Most Valuable Player, losing out to Eddie Collins of the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1915, he slipped down to a.203 average with 19 RBI in 104 games, on December 16,1915, the Boston Red Sox purchased Agnew from the St. Louis Browns. Serving as the backup to regular backstop Pinch Thomas, Agnew hit.209 with 7 RBI in 40 games, splitting time behind the plate with Thomas in 1917, Agnew hit.208 with 16 RBI in 85 games. Although he was considered the regular catcher in 1918, Agnew struggled at the plate and his offensive woes continued during the 1918 World Series, as he went hitless in nine at bats over four games against the Chicago Cubs. In January 1919, Agnew was purchased from the Boston Red Sox by the Washington Senators, in just 42 games, Agnew hit a career-high.235 with 10 RBI. He played his major league game on September 28,1919. After his playing career, he went on to become a coach for the Cubs. In a seven-season career, Agnew posted a.204 batting average with two runs and 98 RBI in 563 games played. Agnew died in Sonoma, California, at the age of 64, after his Major League career ended, he continued to play in the minor leagues with the San Francisco Seals and Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League until 1929. He was later a manager in the minors for the San Diego Aces of the California State League, Augusta Wolves of the South Atlantic League, career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference Baseball Library
26.
Lore Bader
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Lore Verne Bader was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Giants and Boston Red Sox. Bader batted left-handed and threw right-handed and he was born in Bader, Illinois. In a three-season career, Bader posted a 5-3 record with 27 strikeouts, in 1912 Bader pitched in two games for the New York Giants. After that, Bader played for the Buffalo minor league team, and went 16-7 In 1914, 20-18 in 1915, Bader returned to the major leagues with the Boston Red Sox in 1917. He ended 2-0 with a 2.37 ERA in 15 games, all and he enlisted in the Navy at the end of the season, but was discharged in June 1918 because of loose knee ligaments. He rejoined the Red Sox for the rest of the year and he also worked as a Boston Braves scout in 1927, and managed the Hartford, Connecticut club in the Eastern League in 1930. Bader died in LeRoy, Kansas, at the age of 85, nicknamed King, Bader was also known as Two Pairs because he loved playing cards. 1918 Red Sox Baseball Almanac Baseball Library Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Buffalo Bisons History
27.
Jean Dubuc
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Jean Joseph Octave Dubuc, sometimes known by the nickname Chauncey, was a right-handed American baseball pitcher, manager, and scout, and a coach of both baseball and ice hockey. During his major league career, he had a 85–76 win–loss record with a 3.04 earned run average and his best season was 1912 when he compiled a 17–10 record with a 2.77 ERA. During the investigation of the Black Sox Scandal, he was implicated for having guilty knowledge of the fix and he later served as the coach of the Brown University baseball team in the 1920s and worked as a scout for the Detroit Tigers in the late 1920s and 1930. He was responsible for signing Birdie Tebbetts and Hank Greenberg, Dubuc was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in 1888. He attended Saint Michaels College in Vermont as a member of the school class of 1906. He was inducted into the Saint Michaels Athletics Hall of Fame in 2006, Dubuc enrolled at the University of Notre Dame in the fall of 1906 and played both baseball and basketball for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. As a freshman in the spring of 1907, he compiled a 5–1 record as a pitcher, in his only loss in 1907, Dubuc threw a one-hitter and struck out 16 batters but Notre Dame lost to Minnesota, 2–1. In 1908, his record improved to 8–1, his only loss coming against the University of Vermont, on June 7,1908, Dubuc and the Notre Dame catcher, Ray Scanlan, appeared in a semipro baseball game for the White Rocks at Gunther Park in Chicago. Dubuc appeared under the name Williams, but he was recognized by fans present at the game, despite the presence of the Notre Dame battery, the White Rocks lost by a 2–1 score. The Notre Dame athletic board of control charged Dubuc and Scanlan with professionalism, Dubuc was ultimately found to have appeared in the game, and his college eligibility was removed. Within days after losing his eligibility, Dubuc signed with the Cincinnati Reds. On June 25,1908, Dubuc made his league debut for the Reds. He gave up five earned runs in 3-1/3 innings and, adding injury to insult and he returned to the mound as a relief pitcher two weeks later on July 12 and allowed only one hit in four innings. He also pitched a complete game shutout over the 1908 World Series champion Chicago Cubs team on September 7,1908, in all, Dubuc appeared in 15 games for the 1908 Reds, nine as a starter, and compiled a 5–6 record and a 2.74 ERA. He also traveled with the Reds to Cuba after the 1908 season and won three of four games he started on that trip. In 1909, Dubuc was slowed after contracting malaria and he appeared in 11 games for the 1909 Reds, two as a starter, and compiled a 2–5 record with a 3.66 ERA. On November 3,1909, the Reds sold Dubuc to the Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League and he was then acquired by the Montreal Royals where he remained through the 1911 season. He compiled a 21–11 record with Montreal in 1911, on September 1,1911, after Dubucs strong performance during the 1911 season, the Detroit Tigers selected Dubuc in the Major League Baseball draft
28.
Sad Sam Jones
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His sharp breaking curveball also earned him the nickname Horsewhips Sam. In a 22-year career, Jones compiled a 229–217 record with 1223 strikeouts, Jones signed his first professional contract in 1913, with a minor league team in Zanesville, Ohio. He made his league debut with the Indians in 1914. Before the 1916 season, he was sent to Boston in the trade that brought Tris Speaker to Cleveland. In 1918, Jones joined the Red Sox starting rotation, ending with a 16–5 mark, a career-best 2.25 ERA, and his most productive season came in 1921, when he posted career-highs in wins, strikeouts and innings, and led the league in shutouts. But his most remembered season may have been 1923 as the ace of the Yankees staff, he posted a 21–8 record with a 3.63 ERA and led his team to their first World Series title. Jones also no-hit the Philadelphia Athletics 2-0 on September 4 at Shibe Park, as of 2014, Ken Holtzman is the only other no-hit pitcher not to strike out a batter the entire game, doing so for the Chicago Cubs in 1969. Jones was 2–1 against the New York Giants in that World Series, like most pitchers of his time, Jones relieved as well as started, and his eight saves in 1922 led the leagues relief pitchers. Jones lost a league-high 21 games in 1925 and he pitched for the Browns a year later, and was waived to Washington in 1927. With the Senators, Jones regained his form, leading his teams staff with a 17–7 record and he enjoyed his last good season in 1930, ending with a 15–7 mark. After four years of service for the White Sox, Jones retired in 1935 as the oldest active player at the time and his 22 consecutive seasons pitching in one league is a major league record shared with Herb Pennock, Early Wynn, Red Ruffing and Steve Carlton. Sad Sam Jones died in Barnesville, Ohio, at the age of 73, bill McGeehan of the New York Herald-Tribune dubbed him Sad Sam because, to him, Jones looked downcast on the field. Jones told Lawrence Ritter that the reason he looked downcast was because, and the sportswriters were more used to fellows like Waite Hoyt, whod always wear their caps way up so they wouldnt miss any pretty girls
29.
Dutch Leonard (left-handed pitcher)
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Hubert Benjamin Dutch Leonard, was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who had an 11-year career from 1913 to 1921, and 1924 to 1925. He played for the Boston Red Sox and Detroit Tigers, the all-time record holder is Tim Keefe with a 0.86 ERA in 1880. Another pitcher named Dutch Leonard pitched in the National League around a decade later, born in Birmingham, Ohio, Leonard played baseball for the Saint Marys College of California Gaels in Moraga, California, from 1910 to 1911. In 1912, he played for the Denver Grizzlies of the Western League, where he compiled a 22–9 record with 326 strikeouts, Leonard broke in with the Boston Red Sox in 1913. Leonard also pitched well in Bostons 1915 and 1916 World Series victories and he won Game 3 of the 1915 World Series, outduelling the Phillies Grover Cleveland Alexander 2–1. He also won Game 4 of the 1916 World Series against the Brooklyn Robins, Leonard also pitched two no-hitters for the Red Sox, the first in 1916 against the St. Louis Browns and the second in 1918 against the Detroit Tigers. In January 1919, the Red Sox sold Leonard to the Detroit Tigers, Leonard became embroiled in a salary dispute with Tigers owner Frank Navin in 1922, and Leonard opted to play for Fresno, in the San Joaquin Valley League in 1922 and 1923. Leonard was suspended by the American League for his actions, Leonard pitched in his final major league game on July 19,1925. Even before their player-manager feud, Leonard and Cobb had a history, in 1914, Leonard hit Cobb in the ribs with a fastball. In the next at bat, Cobb dragged a bunt which the Red Sox first baseman was forced to field, a full feud broke when Cobb took over as the Tigers manager in 1921. Cobb took pleasure in fining Leonard, who enjoyed late nights, in 1922, Leonard and Cobb fought over how to pitch to George Sisler and Tris Speaker. Leonard cursed Cobb to his face during the dispute, and Leonard ended up quitting the team in 1921, when Leonard returned to the Tigers in 1924 after two seasons in the San Joaquin Valley League, the feud with Cobb resumed. By the middle of the 1925 season, Leonard was 11–3, in front of the team, Cobb berated Leonard, Dont you dare turn bolshevik on me. Leonard accused Cobb of over-working him, and Cobb responded in July 1925 by leaving Leonard on the mound for a game despite Leonards giving up 20 hits. After that, Leonard refused to pitch for Cobb, as a result, the Tigers put Leonard on waivers, and when no team picked him up, his baseball career came to an end. Rumors began to spread that Leonard was claiming he had something on Cobb, Leonard was quoted as saying, I am going to expose that bastard Cobb, Ill ruin him. And in 1926 Leonard sought his revenge, contacting American league president Ban Johnson, Leonard claimed that Speaker and Cobb had conspired before a 1919 Tigers-Indians game to allow the Tigers to win, enabling the team to reach third place and qualify for World Series money. To corroborate his story, Leonard produced letters written at the time that referred to gambling or game-fixing
30.
Vince Molyneaux
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Vincent Leo Molyneaux was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Red Sox season. Listed at 60,180 lb. Molyneaux batted and threw right-handed, a native of Lewiston, New York, he attended Niagara University and Villanova University. In his career, Molyneaux posted a 1-0 record with a 4.41 ERA in 13 games, including five strikeouts,28 walks,21 hits allowed, Molyneaux died at the age of 61 in Stamford, Connecticut. Was a member of the 1918 American League champions Red Sox, although he did not play in the World Series
