1.
1908 in art
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February – The Ashcan School give their first and only exhibition, opening at the Macbeth Gallery in New York. March 20–May 2 – Salon des Indépendants in Paris gives rise to the term Cubism, may – Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky produces a color photographic portrait of Leo Tolstoy. July – Allied Artists Association holds its first exhibition, at the Royal Albert Hall in London, july 29 – The Whitworth Art Gallery building in Manchester is formally opened. November – Georges Braque exhibits at Daniel-Henry Kahnweilers Paris gallery, critic Louis Vauxcelles describes him as reducing everything, hugh Lane founds the Dublin City Gallery, the worlds first to display only modern art. Paul Ranson founds the Académie Ranson in Paris, the British Medical Association Building, London, designed by Charles Holden with eighteen controversial nude sculptures by Jacob Epstein, is completed. Wassily Kandinsky settles in the Bavarian town of Murnau am Staffelsee, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna rejects Adolf Hitlers application to study painting. Australian painter Arthur Streeton marries violinist Nora Clench, W. M. W. February 28 – William Coldstream, English realist painter. July 22 – Claire Falkenstein, American sculptor and painter, august 22 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer. August 28 Edith Tudor Hart, born Edith Suschitzky, Austrian-born photojournalist and communist agent in Britain, roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist, ornithologist, artist and educator. August 30 – Leonor Fini, Argentine surrealist painter, september 6 – Korczak Ziolkowski, Polish American sculptor. September 14 – Peter Watson, English arts benefactor October 1 – Nicholas Marsicano, October 21 – Jorge Oteiza, Spanish sculptor, painter, designer and writer. October 27 – Lee Krasner, American abstract expressionist painter, november 4 – EQ Nicholson, born Elsie Q. Myers, English textile designer and painter, november 19 – Gisèle Freund, born Gisela Freund, German-born photographer. December 3 – Victor Pasmore, English artist and architect, december 23 – Yousuf Karsh, Armenian-Canadian photographer. Myron Stout, American abstract painter Umaña, Colombian artist
2.
1909 in art
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February 20 – Filippo Tommaso Marinettis Futurist Manifesto is first published, in the French newspaper Le Figaro. May–June – Claude Monets Water Lilies series of paintings are first exhibited, july 22 – Widowed Irish-born painter John Lavery marries Irish American painter Hazel Martyn. Guillaume Apollinaires first book of poetry is illustrated with woodcuts by André Derain, léon Bakst begins painting scenery for Sergei Diaghilevs Ballets Russes, beginning with Cleopatra. Robert Delaunay begins painting his Saint-Sévrin, City and Eiffel Tower series, lithuanian Jewish sculptor Jacques Lipchitz moves to Paris to study and work. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque create the first works of analytical cubism, sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler established in Düsseldorf. Kunsthalle Mannheim established as a permanent art gallery, reformation Wall created in Geneva by Swiss architects Charles Dubois, Alphonse Laverrière, Eugène Monod and Jean Taillens with figures by French sculptors Paul Landowski and Henri Bouchard. Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky is commissioned by Nicholas II of Russia to begin a record in color photography of his empire, Henri Gaudier meets Sophie Brzeska at the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris. W. W. Waterhouse – Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May January 16 – Clement Greenberg, January 25 – Joseph Solman, American painter. February 7 – Wilhelm Freddie, Danish painter and sculptor, february 12 – Zoran Mušič, Slovenian- born painter. February 17 – Gertrude Abercrombie, American painter, february 19 – Enrico Donati, Italian- born American Surrealist painter and sculptor. February 26 – Michel Tapié, French artist, critic, curator, march 13 – Reynolds Stone, English wood engraver. March 22 – Milt Kahl, American animator, april 3 – Graham Stuart Thomas, English horticultural artist, author and garden designer. April 30 – F. E. McWilliam, Irish sculptor, may 17 – Giulio Carlo Argan, Italian art historian and politician. June 14 – Ettore DeGrazia, American impressionist, painter, sculptor, june 26 – Wolfgang Reitherman, German-American animator. July 13 – Marie-Thérèse Walter, mistress of Pablo Picasso, september 14 – Peter Scott, English ornithologist, conservationist, painter. September 28 – Al Capp, cartoonist, october 13 – Herblock, political cartoonist. October 28 – Francis Bacon, Irish-born British figurative painter, november 5 – Milena Pavlović-Barili, Serbian painter and poet. November 6 – Herman Rose painter, december 25 – Philip Zec, British political cartoonist
3.
1910 in art
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April 27 – Futurist poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti issues the manifesto Contro Venezia passatista in the Piazza San Marco. Bronze sculptor Robert Kionsek joins the Berlin workshop of Ferdinand Preiss to form the PK firm, czech art historian Antonin Matějček uses the term Expressionism, in opposition to impressionism. Russian composer Alexander Scriabin writes Prometheus, The Poem of Fire, Op.60, a work for piano, orchestra, optional choir. March 18 – May 1 – Salon des Indépendants, Jean Metzinger, Henri Le Fauconnier, Metzinger exhibits Portrait de Guillaume Apollinaire, considered by Apollinaire to be the first cubist portrait. July 15 – October 9 – First International Art Exhibition in Düsseldorf, October 1 – November 8 – Salon dAutomne, Jean Metzinger, Henri Le Fauconnier and Fernand Léger exhibit in Room VIII. This is the Cubist concept of perspective that would tend towards the representation of the total image. November 8 – January 15,1911 – Manet and the Post-Impressionists at the Grafton Galleries in London, organized by Roger Fry, January 29 – Colin Middleton, Irish artist. February 20 – Julian Trevelyan, English printmaker March 10 – David Rose, June 6 – Hélène de Beauvoir, French painter. Beck, American cartoonist and comic book artist, Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer June 17 – Raymond Poïvet, French cartoonist 14 July – William Hanna, American cartoonist. 22 July – Antonio Rodríguez Luna, Spanish painter,30 July – Edgar de Evia, Mexican-born American photographer. 1 August James Henry Govier, English painter, gerda Taro, born Gerta Pohorylle, German-born war photographer. 19 August – Quentin Bell, English art historian and author,25 August – Dorothea Tanning, American painter. 28 August – Morris Graves, American painter and printmaker,3 September – Kitty Carlisle Hart, American singer, actress and New York State Council on the Arts member. 7 October – Henry Plumer McIlhenny, American, art collector, philanthropist,29 October – Aurélie Nemours, French painter. 28 November – Garrett Eckbo, American landscape architect,2 December – Russell Lynes, American art historian, photographer and author. February 14 – John Macallan Swan, English painter and sculptor March 11 – Willis E
4.
1911 in art
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February 2 – First issue of Franz Pfemferts Die Aktion. June 10 – Rembrandt House Museum opened in Amsterdam, poet and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire and his friend Pablo Picasso are questioned over the theft. Creation of Der Blaue Reiter Group, creation of the Camden Town Group. Wassily Kandinsky publishes Über das Geistige in der Kunst, Insbesondere in der Malerei, rayonism developed in Russia by Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova. English wood engraver Gwen Darwin marries French painter Jacques Raverat, the term Cubism is first used in English. May 11 – A Futurist exhibition in Milan is the first of efforts by the group to make its theories concrete, one-man show by Eugeniusz Żak at Galerie Druet. Lydia Field Emmet – Olivia Albert Gleizes Portrait de Jacques Nayral La Chasse Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon J. W. February 10 – Mallica Reynolds, Jamaican painter, sculptor, march 4 – Ilona Harima, Finnish painter. March 17 – David Park, American painter, march 23 – Roger Hilton, English painter. May 14 – Carl Abrahams, Jamaican painter, may 25 – Will Barnet, American painter, printmaker. July 15 – Juliet Pannett, English portrait artist, august 10 – Bruce Ariss, American artist. September 2 – Romare Bearden, American painter, printmaker, october 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer. November 11 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter, november 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter. December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born painter and sculptor
5.
1912 in art
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January 5 – Moscow Art Theatre production of Hamlet, designed by Edward Gordon Craig, opens. December 24 – William Zorach marries Marguerite Thompson, in Paris, Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger publish the first major treatise on Cubism, Du Cubisme, followed by André Salmons La jeune peinture française including Histoire anecdotique du cubisme. Ludwig Meidner begins producing his Apocalyptic Landscapes, march – Exhibition of Italian Futurism transfers from Paris to the Sackville Gallery in London, organised by Robert René Meyer-Sée. Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition organized by Roger Fry in London, René Lalique and Maurice Marinot independently stage the first exhibitions of their glasswares. Fernand Léger Grade Crossing La Fumée Woman in Blue Wyndham Lewis – Smiling Woman Ascending a Stair J. B, george With Riding Crop Pablo Picasso Still Life with Chair Caning Violon et raisins Violon, verre, pipe et encrier Charles A
6.
1913 in art
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January 19 – Lovis Corinths retrospective opens at the Munich Secession galleries. This year the New Munich Secession splits from the Munich Secession, end of January – Franz Marcs Collection II opens at the Moderne Galerie Heinrich Thannhauser in Munich. This is followed at the gallery in February by the first major retrospective of Picassos work, february–March – English painter Olive Hockin is implicated in suffragette attacks. February 17 – The Armory Show opens in New York City and it displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century. March 10 – French sculptor Camille Claudel is committed by her family to a hospital where she will remain until her death in 1943. May – The Paul Émile Chabas painting September Morn provokes a charge of indency when displayed in the window of a Chicago art gallery, may 27 – Die Brücke dissolved. The audience includes Gabriele DAnnunzio, Coco Chanel, Marcel Duchamp, Harry Graf Kessler, august–September – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner spends the summer painting on the island of Fehmarn, returning to Berlin he begins his series of street scenes from around the Potsdamer Platz. Autumn – The Neue Galerie in Berlin reopens with displays of the work of Picasso, October – August Macke paints at Hilterfingen. October 18 – Monument to the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig, designed by Bruno Schmitz incorporating sculptures by Christian Behrens, December 12 – Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa, stolen from the Louvre in 1911, is located in Florence when Vincenzo Peruggia attempts to sell it. It is returned to Paris on December 30, generación del 13 established in Chile. The London Group is formed by merger of the Camden Town Group, target, the first exhibition of Rayonism. Maurice Utrillo has his first solo exhibition, at the Galerie Blot in Paris, omega Workshops established in London by Roger Fry and other members of the Bloomsbury Group to produce artist-designed furniture and textiles. Wyndham Lewis and others secede in October, first observation of a chimpanzee drawing. Guillaume Apollinaires The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations is published in Paris
7.
1914 in art
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January 31 – The Art Gallery of Hamilton is founded. March – The London Group hold their first exhibition, at the Goupil Gallery, march–June – Rebel Art Centre run in London by Wyndham Lewis and others. March 10 – Suffragette Mary Richardson damages the Velázquez painting Rokeby Venus in the National Gallery, London, april Umberto Boccioni publishes Manifesto tecnico della scultura futurista, later this year he also publishes the book Pittura e scultura futuriste. August Macke, Louis Moilliet and Paul Klee travel in Tunisia, april 20 – English artist Dorothy Shakespear marries American poet Ezra Pound at St Mary Abbots church, Kensington, London. May 4 – Suffragette Mary Wood attacks John Singer Sargents portrait of Henry James at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition in London with a meat cleaver, june – First issue published of the Vorticist literary magazine BLAST edited by Wyndham Lewis. July 17 – Suffragette Annie Hunt damages Sir John Millais portrait of Thomas Carlyle in the National Portrait Gallery, London, august – Fernand Léger is mobilised for service in the French Army, he serves in the Forest of Argonne. September 5 – The cover of magazine London Opinion first carries the iconic drawing by Alfred Leete of Lord Kitchener with the recruiting slogan Your Country Needs You, november 16 – The Baltimore Museum of Art is founded at Johns Hopkins University. The Bilbao Fine Arts Museum is established in Bilbao, futurist exhibition at the Doré Gallery in London. Clive Bell publishes his formalist study Art, publication of Vincent van Goghs letters to his brother Theo. Nina Hamnett and Amedeo Modigliani meet for the first time in Montparnasse
8.
1915 in art
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May – Ambrose Heal and others found the Design and Industries Association in London. May – Publication of the first modern book illustrated with wood engravings, june 10 – The only Vorticist exhibition staged opens at the Doré Gallery in London. October 24 – Giovanni Battista Tiepolos frescos, Translation of the House of Loreto, december 19 – Kasimir Malevich stages the 0.10 Exhibition and originates Suprematism. Harpers Bazaar hires Erté to design its covers, edward McKnight Kauffer is given his first commission to design a poster for the Underground Electric Railways Company of London. Shōzaburō Watanabe originates shin-hanga collaborative woodblock printing in Japan, the first of the Etruscan terracotta warriors, forged by sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti with the Riccardi family, is purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. 14-year-old Alice Prin is posing for sculptors in Paris, W. R. W. L. February 11 – Mervyn Levy, Welsh artist and critic. March 10 – Harry Bertoia, Italian-born American artist and furniture designer, april 4 – Louis Archambault, Canadian sculptor
9.
1916 in art
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February 9 –6.00 p. m. – Tristan Tzara founds Dadaism. March 1 – Liljevalchs konsthall inaugurated in Stockholm, may 20 – Boy with Baby Carriage is Norman Rockwells first cover for The Saturday Evening Post. May – Muirhead Bone recruited as a war artist by the British War Propaganda Bureau, at the end of the year, his album of drawings The Western Front begins publication. June 16 – Cleveland Museum of Art opens, august 31 – Kestnergesellschaft founded in Hanover, Germany. September 19 – Edvard Munchs paintings for the Aula of Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet, september 26 – C. R. W. Nevinsons first major single-artist exhibition opens in London. November – John Nash arrives with the Artists Rifles in France, vanessa Bells first single-artist exhibition is staged at Omega Workshops in London. Provincial Fine Arts Museum completed in Córdoba, Argentina, ezra Pound publishes Gaudier-Brzeska, A Memoir. W. R. W. Nevinson Archies The Doctor Dog-Tired French Troops Resting Matthew Smith – Fitzroy Street Nude No
10.
1917 in art
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January – A drunken Amedeo Modigliani is ejected from a party for Georges Braque, by the hostess, Marie Vassilieff. January 29 – Rodin marries his mistress, Rose Beuret, she dies two weeks later, eric Kennington, William Orpen, C. R. W. Nevinson, Paul Nash and William Rothenstein are sent as war artists to the Western Front from England. De Stijl artistic movement is established by Theo van Doesburg, the Allen Memorial Art Museum is established at Oberlin College in Ohio. The Marc Chagall illustrated version of The Magician by I. L. Peretz is published in Vilnius. Max Beckmann – Deposition Lovis Corinth – Portrait of Julius Meier-Graefe Marcel Duchamp – Fountain Jacob Epstein – An American Soldier Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven – God J. W. S. R. W. T. C
11.
1919 in art
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April 25 – The Bauhaus architectural and design movement is founded in Weimar, Germany, by Walter Gropius. December – The National War Paintings and Other Records exhibition staged at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, seven and Five Society established in London. Piet Mondrian, in Paris, begins painting his grid-based compositions, musée Rodin opens in Paris at the Hôtel Biron and Villa des Brillants, Meudon. Chaim Soutine first visits Céret in the Pyrenees where he begins a series of landscapes, les Champs Magnétiques, the first book produced using the techniques of surrealist automatism, is written by André Breton and Philippe Soupault. Publication in England of W. Somerset Maughams novel The Moon and Sixpence, aleksandra Ekster – City at Night Jacob Epstein – Sergeanat D. F. R. W. 1859) date unknown Edmund Elisha Case, American painter
12.
1920 in art
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February 1 – National Art Gallery opens in Tblisi. November 7 – The mass action The Storming of the Winter Palace, the Cologne Dadaist group is formed by Jean Arp, Max Ernst and Alfred Grünwald. Katherine Dreier, Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp form Société Anonyme, bernard Leach and Shoji Hamada set up the Leach Pottery in St Ives, Cornwall. Heckscher Museum of Art established in Huntington, New York, latvian Museum of Foreign Art established in Riga. Art historian Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler publishes Der Weg Zum Kubismus, W. January 17 – Georges Pichard, French comics artist. January 30 – Patrick Heron, English painter, writer and designer, march 3 – Ronald Searle, English cartoonist. March 14 – Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist, march 27 – Robin Jacques, English illustrator. April 8 – Hans Coper, German-born studio potter, april 24 – Paul Wonner, American painter. May – Hans Josephsohn, German-born sculptor, may 8 Saul Bass, American graphic designer and filmmaker. Tom of Finland, Finnish fetish artist, may 10 - Erna Viitol, Estonian sculptor June 4 – Alejandro Obregón, Colombian painter, muralist, sculptor and engraver. June 24 John Coplans, painter, photographer Jimmy Ernst, American painter born in Germany, June 29 – Ray Harryhausen, stop-motion animator, sculptor. July 20 – Arthur Boyd, Australian painter and sculptor, july 21 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter, one of the innovators of Unitary Urbanism. August 5 – George Tooker, painter, august 15 – Judy Cassab, born Judit Kaszab, Austrian-born Australian portrait painter. August 22 – Gene Davis, American painter, august 26 Mauri Favén, Finnish painter. October 31 – Helmut Newton, photographer, november 23 – Wayne Thiebaud, American painter. December 18 – Enrique Grau, Colombian painter and sculptor, december 21 – Bob Bindig, American illustrator Elaine Hamilton, American painter
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