1.
1916 in film
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The year 1916 in film involved some significant events. August 10 - The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme is premièred in London, in the first six weeks of general release 20 million people view it. September 5 - Release of D. W. Griffiths epic film Intolerance, Loves Struggle Through the Ages, starring Lillian Gish and Constance Talmadge and it is estimated to have cost around $2.5 million to make but is initially a commercial failure. October 17 - Release of A Daughter of the Gods, the first US production with a million dollar budget, november 19 - Samuel Goldfish and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures, later to become one of the most successful independent filmmakers. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers,11 mm, an amateur film gauge, appears on the market
2.
1917 in film
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1917 in film was a particularly fruitful year for the art form, and is often cited as one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with 1913. Secondarily the year saw a limited global embrace of narrative film-making, primarily, the year is an American landmark, as 1917 is the first year where the narrative and visual style is typified as Classical Hollywood. February - Buster Keaton first meets Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle in New York and is hired as a co-star and gag man. April 23 - Release in the United States of the short The Butcher Boy, the first of Roscoe Fatty Arbuckles series of films with the Comique Film Corporation, april 25 - Thomas Lincoln Tally, in a meeting in New York, co-founds the First National Exhibitors Circuit. September 13 - Release in the United States of The Gulf Between, the first film made in Technicolor System 1, a two-color process. November 9 - Worlds first feature-length animated film is made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani December 18 - Foundation of Universum Film AG, as a film company. Movette, another revision of the 17.5 mm film format, is made available, april 23 - The Butcher Boy, starring Fatty Arbuckle with Buster Keaton May 14 - A Romance of the Redwoods, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Mary Pickford May 19 - One Law for Both directed by Ivan Abramson May 20 - Souls Triumphant, starring Lillian Gish May 21 - A Reckless Romeo, august 27 - The Little American, starring Mary Pickford, directed by Cecil B. September 22 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Mary Pickford September 30 - Camille, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. October 29 - Coney Island, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. S
3.
1919 in art
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April 25 – The Bauhaus architectural and design movement is founded in Weimar, Germany, by Walter Gropius. December – The National War Paintings and Other Records exhibition staged at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, seven and Five Society established in London. Piet Mondrian, in Paris, begins painting his grid-based compositions, musée Rodin opens in Paris at the Hôtel Biron and Villa des Brillants, Meudon. Chaim Soutine first visits Céret in the Pyrenees where he begins a series of landscapes, les Champs Magnétiques, the first book produced using the techniques of surrealist automatism, is written by André Breton and Philippe Soupault. Publication in England of W. Somerset Maughams novel The Moon and Sixpence, aleksandra Ekster – City at Night Jacob Epstein – Sergeanat D. F. R. W. 1859) date unknown Edmund Elisha Case, American painter
4.
1919 in architecture
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The year 1919 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. 25 April - The Bauhaus architectural and design movement is founded in Weimar, Germany, November - Start of the Glass Chain correspondence. Julia Morgan is selected as the architect for William Randolph Hearsts La Cuesta Encantada, better known as Hearst Castle, in San Simeon, California, USA. 5 March - Rebuilt Helsinki Central railway station, designed by Eliel Saarinen April - First Congregational Church of Albany, New York, USA,27 November - Laie Hawaii Temple, Oʻahu, Hawaii, USA, dedicated. 29 November - Großes Schauspielhaus in Berlin with interior remodelled as a theater by Hans Poelzig, Church of the Madonna della Difesa, Montreal, Canada. McMahon Building, better known as the Worlds littlest skyscraper, by J. D. McMahon, in downtown Wichita Falls,11 November - Hart House, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Het Schip, Amsterdam, Netherlands, by Michel de Klerk. First Goetheanum, Dornach, Switzerland, by Rudolf Steiner, royal Gold Medal - Leonard Stokes. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture - Jacques Carlu and Jean-Jacques Haffner, edelsvärd, Swedish architect 6 November - Hans Christian Amberg, Danish architect
5.
1919 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1919. January 18 - The pianist Paderewski becomes Prime Minister of Poland, april 7 - The Original Dixieland Jazz Band brings Dixieland jazz to England, opening a 15-month tour at the Hippodrome, London. July 22 - The Ballets Russes gives the premiere of Manuel de Fallas ballet El sombrero de tres picos in London. August - Josef Matthias Hauer devises his own technique of composition. August 19 - The Southern Syncopated Orchestra, visiting the UK, Ernest Ansermet subsequently writes an enthusiastic review of the orchestras performances in London, singling out Sidney Bechet - one of the first serious pieces of jazz criticism. October 27 - Edward Elgars Cello Concerto is premiered in London, the Louisiana Five are advertised as playing Modern Jazz. Johan Wagenaar becomes director of the Royal Conservatory at the Hague, elsie Griffin joins the DOyly Carte Opera Company. Gustav Kobbés guide The Complete Opera Book is first published, in the United States, wee-Wee. w. George Jessel, m. Harry Ruby Any Old Place With You w. Lorenz Hart m. Richard Rodgers Ask the Stars by Frank M. Stammers Baby, Charles Warfield & Clarence Williams Blues My Naughty Sweetie Gives To Me w. m. Charles McCarron, Casey Morgan & Arthur Swanstrom Breeze w. m. Ballard MacDonald, ed. Thomas Camp Meeting Blues by Dabneys Band Cielito Lindo w. m. Quirino Mendoza y Cortez Daddy Long Legs w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young Dardanella w. Fred Fisher m, felix Bernard & Johnny S. Black Dont Dilly Dally on the Way w. m. Fred W. Leigh & Charles Collins Everybody Wants A Key To My Cellar w. m, ed Rose, Billy Baskette & Lew Pollack Grönnens Laid, w. Geert Teis Pzn. m. Art Hickman & Ben Black I Aint Gonna Give Nobody None O This Jelly Roll w. Spencer Williams m. Clarence Williams I Gave Her That w. m. B. G. De Sylva & Al Jolson I Lost My Heart In Dixieland w. m. Irving Berlin I Might be Your Once-In-A-While w. Robert B. Smith m, victor Herbert I Never Realized w. m. Cole Porter I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate w. m. Armand J. Piron Im Forever Blowing Bubbles w. John W. Kellette m, jaan Kenbrovin Indian Summer w. Al Dubin m. Irene w. Joseph McCarthy m. Harry Tierney, introduced by Edith Day in the musical Irene Ive Got My Captain Working for Me Now w. m. Irving Berlin Jazz Baby w. Blanche Merrill & William Jerome m. William Jerome Just Like a Gipsy w. m, victor Jacobi Love Sends A Little Gift Of Roses w. Leslie Cooke m. John Openshaw Mah Lindy Lou w. m, lily Strickland Mammy O Mine w. William Tracey m
6.
Reel
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A reel is an object around which lengths of another material are wound for storage. Generally a reel has a core and walls on the sides to retain the material wound around the core. In some cases the core is hollow, although other items may be mounted on it, the size of the core is dependent on several factors. A smaller core will obviously allow more material to be stored in a given space, however, there is a limit to how tightly the stored material can be wound without damaging it and this limits how small the core can be. Other issues affecting the core include, Mechanical strength of the core Acceptable turning speed any functional requirements of the core e. g. For a reel that must be mechanically turned the size of the grips that mount it on the mechanical turning device, the size of the mountings needed to support the core during unwinding. Anything mounted on the cores With material such as photographic film that is flat and long but is relatively wide, in cases where the material is more uniform in cross-section, the material may be safely wound around a reel that is wider than its width. In this case, several windings are needed to create a layer on the reel, most films have visible cues which mark the end of the reel. This allows projectionists running reel-to-reel to change over to the reel on the other projector. A so-called two-reeler would have run about 20–24 minutes since the short film shipped to a movie theater for exhibition may have had slightly less than 1,000 ft on it. Most modern projectionists use the term reel when referring to a 2, 000-foot two-reeler, as modern films are rarely shipped by single 1, a standard Hollywood movie averages about five 2000-foot reels in length. Had it not been standardized there would have many difficulties in the manufacture of the related equipment. A16 mm reel is 400 feet and it runs, at sound speed, approximately the same amount of time as a 1, 000-foot 35 mm reel. A split reel is a motion picture film reel in two halves that, when assembled, hold a specific length of motion picture film that has been wound on a plastic core. Using a split reel allows film to be shipped or handled in a lighter and smaller form than film would on a fixed reel, in silent film terminology, two films on one reel. Actors may submit a demo reel of their work to prospective employers, often in physical reel format
7.
1887 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1887 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. Hannibal Goodwin files for a patent for his photographic film, Louis Le Princes 16-lens camera is made in the United States and the film Man Walking Around a Corner is filmed using it this year. Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by Louis Le Prince, filmed in Paris before 18 August 1887. People could view realistic photographs with nature, history, and science themes, at first, the shows used random images, but over time, the projectionists began to place the slides in logical order, creating a narrative. The next step back to pre-date the Langenheim brothers work is the process created by Louis Daguerre in 1839 called daguerreotype. Followed 2 years later by a photographic process created by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841 called calotype. The next step back to pre-date Daguerres work is a theory of moving images presented by Peter Mark Roget in 1824 called Persistence of Vision. This theory helped advance experiments to prove that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused the mind to see flashing images. Audiences still interpret motion at rates as low as ten frames per second or slower, a modern theatrical film runs at 24 frames a second. This is the case for both film and digital cinema systems. Archived from the original on 2013-07-13
8.
1896 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1896 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. January - In the United States, the Vitascope film projector is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins, Armat begins working with Thomas Edison to manufacture it. January 14 - Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon and this is the first film show to an audience in the U. K. February 20 - In London, Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph, at the Alhambra Theatre. The Lumière Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, april - Edison and Armats Vitascope is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. May 14 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is crowned in Moscow, in France, magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing early special effect techniques, including stop motion. The Pathé Frères film company is founded, William Selig founds the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago. Demeny-Gaumont work on a 60 mm format, first known as Biographe, casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin create a 38 mm format. H. Laddé The Haunted Castle, directed by Georges Méliès The Kiss, directed by William Heise, starring May Irwin, may be considered the first romantic film. H. Laddé Up the River, directed by Unknown The Vanishing Lady, directed by Georges Méliès Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam, mantell 1896 in film playlist on YouTube
