1.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
2.
1927 in Australia
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See also,1926 in Australia, other events of 1927,1928 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history. 8 February – A cyclone makes landfall north of Cairns, causing flooding at Halifax Bay, Ingham, Innisfail, Tully, Cardwell, thirty-six people are killed, and twenty are missing. 9 April – A general election is held in Victoria,3 May – The Australasian Council of Trade Unions is formed at the All-Australian Trade Union Congress in Melbourne. 9 May – Parliament House in Canberra is officially opened by the Duke of York,20 May – Following a swing to the ALP in the Victorian election, Edmond Hogan forms a minority Labor government with Progressive support, and takes over as Premier of Victoria from John Allan. 29 June – Charles Kingsford Smith and his copilot Charles Ulm complete a flight in ten days. 27 October – Melbourne gangster Squizzy Taylor is killed in a shootout with Sydney gangsters in Carlton,3 November – The Sydney ferry Greycliffe is cut in half by the liner RMS Tahiti, killing 40 persons. Professor Thomas Parnell begins the pitch drop experiment at the University of Queensland and it will go on to become the worlds longest continuously-running scientific experiment. George Washington Lambert wins the Archibald Prize 27 August – Ronald McMurdo wins the national marathon title. The race was not considered an official Australian championship by the national athletics federation,1 November – Trivalve wins the Melbourne Cup
3.
1924
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January 10 – The British submarine L-24 sinks in the English Channel,43 lives are lost. January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots a man he thinks is Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta. January 21 – Following the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin immediately begins to purge his rivals to clear the way for his leadership, January 22 – Ramsay MacDonald becomes the first Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. January 23 – The Soviet Union officially declares that Lenin died January 21, January 25 – The 1924 Winter Olympics open in Chamonix, in the French Alps. January 26 – Petrograd is renamed Leningrad and it reverts to Saint Petersburg in 1991. January 27 – Lenin is buried in Lenins Mausoleum in Moscows Red Square, february 1 – The United Kingdom recognizes the Soviet Union. February 5 – GMT, A radio time signal is broadcast for the first time from the Royal Greenwich Observatory, february 7 – Capital punishment, The first state execution using gas in the United States takes place in Nevada. February 12 – Rhapsody in Blue, by George Gershwin, is first performed in New York City at Aeolian Hall, february 14 – The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, based in the U. S. state of New York, is renamed International Business Machines. February 16-February 26 – Dock strikes break out in various U. S. harbors, february 22 Treaty of Rome, Agreement for the Kingdom of Italy to annexe the Free State of Fiume and for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to absorb Sušak. Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to deliver a radio broadcast from the White House, March 3 The 1, 400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdülmecid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk, the Free State of Fiume is annexed by the Kingdom of Italy. March 6 – İsmet İnönü forms a new government in Turkey, March 8 – The Castle Gate Mine disaster kills 172 coal miners in Utah, United States. March 25 – The Second Hellenic Republic is proclaimed in Greece, March 29 – In France, the Third Ministry of Raymond Poincaré begins. April 1 Adolf Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in jail for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch, the first revenue flight for Belgiums Sabena Airlines takes place. April 6 – Fascists win the elections in Italy with a ⅔ majority, april 13 A referendum in Greece favors the formation of the Second Hellenic Republic. The A. E. K. is founded in Greece, april 16 – American media company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer is founded in Los Angeles. April 23 – British Empire Exhibition opens and it was the largest colonial exhibition with 58 countries of the empire dramatically represented. April 26 – Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrates his death ray in London, april 27 – A group of Alawites kill several nuns in Syria, French troops march against them
