The 2010–11 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was head coach Bruce Weber's eighth season at Illinois. They played their home games at Assembly Hall and are members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 20–14, 9–9 in Big Ten play and lost in the quarterfinals of the 2011 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament to Michigan. They received an at-large bid in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they beat UNLV in the second round before falling to Kansas in the third round.

The 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 8, 2010, with the preliminary games of the 2010 Coaches vs. Cancer Classic, and ended with the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament's championship game on April 4, 2011, at Reliant Stadium in Houston. The tournament's first-round games occurred March 15–16, 2011, in Dayton, followed by second and third rounds on Thursday through Sunday, March 17–20. Regional games were March 24–27, with the Final Four played April 2 and 4.