1.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
2.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
3.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
4.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
5.
Interscope Records
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Interscope Records is an American record company. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff and it had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. In 1992, Interscope acquired the rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row. Albums by Death Row artists included rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, as a result, Time Warner severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million, Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014. He was succeeded by John Janick, Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The labels best-selling artists include U2, Eminem, Lady Gaga, in 1989, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company, Interscope Communications. To run it, he hired John McClain, who had played a role in Janet Jacksons success at A&M Records, and Tom Whalley. Separately, Iovine, who had produced records by U2, Bruce Springsteen, I thought, Music is going to change, Iovine said in 1997. Young bands arent going to be asking for me, but I love working with the new thing. I always liked the part of the business thats the first time you hear something, Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2s manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, in a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote, Interscopes start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution, based in Westwood, California, Interscope was run by music men. It was a departure from the industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have creative control. Interscopes first release was Rico Suave by Ecuadoran rapper Gerardo in December 1990, Primus Interscope debut was released in May, followed by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunchs Music for the People in July. It included the #1 single Good Vibrations, two days after first hearing his demo, Whalley signed Tupac Shakur, and in November 1991, Interscope released 2pacalypse Now, Shakurs studio debut. Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre in 1992
6.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
7.
Linda Perry
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Linda Perry is an American Grammy nominated rock singer-songwriter, and record producer. She first became known as the singer and primary songwriter of 4 Non Blondes and has since founded two record labels and composed and produced hit songs for several other artists. They include, Beautiful by Christina Aguilera, What You Waiting For. by Gwen Stefani, Perry has also contributed to albums by Adele, Alicia Keys, and Courtney Love, as well as signing and distributing James Blunt in the United States. Perry was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2015, Perry was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. Growing up in an artistic and musical household, Perry displayed musical talent, despite struggling with kidney disease and then drug addiction, she still focused on music. Her mother is Brazilian and her father was Portuguese, in early 1986, at the age of 21, Perry moved to San Francisco. As a teenager in San Diego, she had pursued an interest in music, playing the guitar and her arrival in San Francisco would mark the beginning of a career in music, though not before waiting tables, working coat-check, and working at a pizzeria. In San Francisco, Perry lived in a small, windowless room, eventually, people began to recognize her as that chick with the big voice. After several years of playing locally and negotiating with various record companies, the album, featuring Perry as lead singer and dominated by her compositions, was an immediate success and spawned a hit single, the Perry-penned Whats Up. In February 1994, Perry had an appearance in Roger Daltreys production, album and video A Celebration, The Music of Pete Townshend. In 1994, a CD and a VHS video of the shows were issued with the songs Doctor Jimmy and Im Free, while in 1998 a DVD was released with the song Im Free only. In June 1994,4 Non Blondes guitarist Roger Rocha was replaced by Concrete Blonde member Jim Mankey, who had just played for Van Halens cover Im the One recorded as the theme from the movie Airheads. During sessions at Interscope studios in Los Angeles, the band struggled to come up with a followup to Bigger, the band recorded one last video, for a cover of Led Zeppelins Misty Mountain Hop with Dave Navarro on guitar. With the band in disarray and the recording contract unfulfilled, Interscope reluctantly allowed Perry to make a solo CD, dropping the rest of the band. Interscope insisted on choosing the albums producer, the team selected was Bill Bottrell and members of the Tuesday Night Music Club. Released in 1996, In Flight was moody, mellow and, at times, dark, the release received positive notices, but was a poor seller. Perry joined Red Fish, Blue Fish for her world tour, Perry also hosted the 1997 and 1998 Bammies. In 1997, Perry produced a film, Pink as the Day She Was Born, featuring cameos by Les Claypool of Primus and she also launched her own record label, Rockstar Records, for the primary purpose of releasing a CD of band Stone Fox
8.
Dawn Richardson
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Dawn Richardson is an American rock drummer, teacher, and writer of instructional books on percussion. She is best known as drummer for the San Francisco-based band 4 Non Blondes in the 1990s, dawn Richardson was born in Pasadena, California. At the age of 13, after an idea to learn a new instrument intrigued her, she broke away from playing the trombone. Richardson began taking lessons from Jim Volpe, a drum teacher, Richardson earned her undergraduate degree in music, concentrating in percussion, at California State University, Los Angeles. She has studied with the principal percussionist of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Richardson joined the band 4 Non Blondes in 1991, after the band had already achieved local popularity in the San Francisco area. At the time,4 Non Blondes had just been signed to Interscope Records, Richardson met the band through mutual friends and was asked to audition for them after the departure of their original drummer, Wanda Day. Richardson was hired directly after her audition, and relocated from Hollywood to San Francisco, the group’s 1992 debut album Bigger, Better, Faster, More. Received Gold and Platinum status in the USA, was the #1 album in 8 countries, went Gold in 16 countries, in 1993, the bands single What’s Up. A rock song written by lead singer Linda Perry, topped the charts, however, after touring North America and Europe, the group disbanded in 1994 while in the middle of recording their second album. On May 11,2014, Richardson and 4 Non Blondes reunited to perform at the Beverly Hilton in Los Angeles, in a fundraiser to benefit the Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Center. In addition to 4 Non Blondes, Richardson has been a member of such as The Loud Family, The Martinis, Bad Radio, Dolorata. With Joe Gore, she formed the instrumental duo Mental 99 and she has performed, recorded, or toured with Tracy Chapman, Shana Morrison, Penelope Houston, Gus, Angel Corpus Christi, and The Paul & John. She is the author of six books, including most recently an instructional book with an accompanying video, currently, Richardson plays music and teaches drum lessons in San Francisco. Richardson has six book publications, all focused on teaching, mastering, and appreciating the art of drumming. and Edge, the online magazine Percussion Sessions, and for the Pacific Drums web site
9.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
10.
Musical ensemble
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A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name. Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra, some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families or group together instruments from the instrument family. In jazz ensembles, the instruments typically include wind instruments, one or two chordal comping instruments, an instrument, and a drummer or percussionist. Jazz ensembles may be instrumental, or they may consist of a group of instruments accompanying one or more singers. In rock and pop ensembles, usually called rock bands or pop bands, there are usually guitars and keyboards, one or more singers, Music ensembles typically have a leader. In jazz bands, rock and pop groups and similar ensembles, in classical music, orchestras, concert bands and choirs are led by a conductor. In orchestra, the concertmaster is the instrumentalist leader of the orchestra, in orchestras, the individual sections also have leaders, typically called the principal of the section. Conductors are also used in big bands and in some very large rock or pop ensembles. In Western classical music, smaller ensembles are called chamber music ensembles, the terms duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet and dectet describe groups of two up to ten musicians, respectively. A group of musicians, such as found in The Carnival of the Animals, is called either a hendectet or an undectet. A soloist playing unaccompanied is not an ensemble because it contains one musician. A string quartet consists of two violins, a viola and a cello, there is a vast body of music written for string quartets, as it is seen as an important genre in classical music. A woodwind quartet usually features a flute, an oboe, a clarinet, a brass quartet features two trumpets, a trombone and a tuba. A saxophone quartet consists of a saxophone, an alto saxophone, a tenor saxophone. The string quintet is a type of group. It is similar to the quartet, but with an additional viola, cello, or more rarely. Terms such as piano quintet or clarinet quintet frequently refer to a string quartet plus a fifth instrument
11.
What's Up? (song)
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Whats Up. is a song by American rock group 4 Non Blondes from their 1992 debut album, Bigger, Better, Faster, More. It was released as the second single in 1993. It was very successful in Brazil and in several European countries, peaking at one in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland. The title does not appear in the songs lyrics, however, the phrase whats going on. Is prominently included in the chorus, the title was chosen to avoid confusion with Marvin Gayes 1971 song Whats Going On. Linda Perry told Rolling Stone that she hated the songs production, the music video was directed by Morgan Lawley. Whats Up. ranks number 94 on VH1s 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders, the recording received considerable airplay success. However, composer Carl Barât has claimed that the song among the worst ever recorded, gawker journalist Brian Moylan included the track in an unranked list of the 10 Party Songs We Never Ever Want to Hear Again. 7 single / CD single Whats Up, –4,51 Train –3,47 Whats Up. It reached number one on the chart in Canada and charted in Belgium. Pink covered the song on her Party Tour, on select European dates of her Try This Tour and she performed it on select dates of The Funhouse Summer Carnival as well. Lady Gaga covered the song on the November 2nd 2014 show of her artRAVE, The ARTPOP Ball tour, in Vienna, professional footage of the performance was soon after uploaded to her official YouTube channel She also performed it during her acceptance speech at the Songwriter Hall of Fame. In 2005, a group of known as Slackcircus created a video called Fabulous Secret Powers. The video has become an internet meme, with an edited version of the animation garnering over 88 million views on YouTube as of January 2017. The song appeared in the 2011 film Young Adult, starring Charlize Theron, the song appeared in the fourth episode of the Netflix web series Sense8. A master recording version of the song was used in Rock Band 4, a version of the song, sung in Spanish, appeared in the final episode of season one of the television series Zoo Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
12.
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
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The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in Northern California on October 17 at 5,04 p. m. local time. With a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX, no surface faulting occurred, though a large number of other ground failures and landslides were present, especially in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Due to the coverage of the 1989 World Series, it became the first major earthquake in the United States that was broadcast live on national television. Andrew Lawson, a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley, had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake and later led an investigation into that event. The San Andreas Fault ruptured for a length of 290 mi during the 1906 shock, several long term forecasts for a large shock along the San Andreas Fault in that area had been made public prior to 1989 but the earthquake that transpired was not what had been anticipated. The 1989 Loma Prieta event originated on an undiscovered oblique-slip reverse fault that is located adjacent to the San Andreas Fault, since many forecasts had been presented for the region near Loma Prieta, seismologists were not taken by surprise by the October 1989 event. Two moderate shocks, referred to as the Lake Elsman earthquakes by the USGS, occurred in the Santa Cruz Mountains region in June 1988, each events aftershock sequence and effect on stress drop was closely examined, and their study indicated that the shocks affected the mainshocks rupture process. The June 27,1988, shock occurred with an intensity of VI. Its effects included broken windows in Los Gatos, and other damage in Holy City. Farther away from the Santa Cruz Mountains, pieces of concrete fell from a structure at the Sunnyvale Town Center. More moderate damage resulted from the August 8,1989, shock when chimneys were toppled in Cupertino, Los Gatos, other damage included cracked walls and foundations and broken underground pipes. At the office of the Los Gatos City Manager, a window that was cracked had also broken in the earlier shock. Also in Los Gatos, one man died when he exited a building through a window, the Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. At sites with rocky terrain, the duration was shorter and the shaking was much less intense, the strong motion records also allowed for the causative fault to be determined – the rupture was related to the San Andreas Fault System. While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the further to the north. At more than 44 miles distant, the San Francisco Bay Area recorded peak horizontal accelerations that were as high as 0. 26g, in a general way, the location of aftershocks of the event delineated the extent of the faulting, which extended about 24 miles in length. Because the rupture took place bilaterally, the duration of strong shaking was about half of what it would have been had it ruptured in one direction only, the duration of a typical M6.9 shock with a comparable rupture length would have been about twice as long. Gregory Beroza, a seismologist with Stanford University, made several distinctions regarding the 1906 and 1989 events, near Loma Prieta, the 1906 rupture was more shallow, had more strike-slip, and occurred on a fault that was near vertical
13.
Primus (band)
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Primus is an American rock band based in San Francisco, California, currently composed of bassist/vocalist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry Ler LaLonde and drummer Tim Herb Alexander. Primus originally formed in 1984 with Claypool and guitarist Todd Huth, later joined by drummer Jay Lane, though the latter two departed the band at the end of 1988. Featuring LaLonde and Alexander, Primus recorded their debut Suck on This in 1989, followed by four albums, Frizzle Fry, Sailing the Seas of Cheese, Pork Soda. In 2003, Claypool and LaLonde reunited with Alexander and released a DVD/EP, Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People, in 2010, Lane rejoined Primus, replacing Alexander, and the band released their seventh album, Green Naugahyde, in 2011. In 2013, Lane left the band to focus on other projects and they have released some of their records on Claypools own label Prawn Song Records. Primus is characterized by its irreverent, quirky approach to music, robert Christgau once remarked, quite possibly the strangest top-10 band ever, and good for them. Primus began as Primate in El Sobrante, California, in 1984 with singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Todd Huth, and a LinnDrum drum machine. Primate changed their name to Primus after about a month when they were approached by a called the Primates threatening legal action over the similarity of their names. Parker was soon replaced by the second drummer, Peter Libby. After recording another demo, titled Sausage, Lane left Primus at the end of 1988 when something good happened with the Freaky Executives record deal, Huth also left the band soon after, wishing to dedicate more time to his family. In 1990, the released their first studio album, Frizzle Fry. Primuss major label debut was the album Sailing the Seas of Cheese, the album was supported by the singles Jerry Was a Race Car Driver and Tommy the Cat, both of which appeared on MTV. A third single, Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers, was also released, the band appeared as contestants for the Battle of the Bands in Bill and Teds Bogus Journey and made music for a Beavis and Butt-Head tribute album with a song entitled Poetry and Prose. With a major label behind them, Sailing the Seas of Cheese went gold, the band then toured in support of Rush, U2, Anthrax, Public Enemy, and Fishbone. In 1993, Primus released Pork Soda, which managed to debut at No.7 on the Billboard Top 10, the album was darker than previous Primus efforts, dealing with murder, suicide, and alienation. The band has commented that prior to recording, they had been touring for nearly two years and were thus in a sombre mood. My Name Is Mud, DMV, and Mr. Claypool said he put his heart and soul into the video, in an interview with Guitar World magazine, Claypool disparaged the channels unwillingness to air the video, saying it got played like six times. Pork Soda was recorded at the rehearsal space in San Rafael
14.
Tropic, Utah
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Tropic is a town in Garfield County, Utah, United States, along Utah Scenic Byway 12. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 530, Tropic is in southern Garfield County along Utah Route 12,7.5 miles southeast of Bryce Canyon City and 5 miles north of Cannonville. It is in the Tropic Valley, drained by the Paria River, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.4 square miles, of which 0.02 square miles, or 0. 26%, are water. The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round, as of the census of 2000, there are 508 people in the town, organized into 160 households and 132 families. The population density is 60.6 people per square mile, there are 206 housing units at an average density of 24.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town is 96. 06% White,0. 39% Native American,1. 38% from other races, there are no African Americans, Asians, or Pacific Islanders. 2. 36% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race,13. 8% of all households are made up of individuals and 8. 1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 3.18 and the family size is 3.52. In the town, the population is out with 34. 6% under the age of 18,7. 5% from 18 to 24,22. 0% from 25 to 44,21. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age is 32 years, for every 100 females there are 100 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.9 males, the median income for a household in the town is $42,500, and the median income for a family is $44,125. Males have an income of $32,500 versus $22,222 for females. The per capita income for the town is $13,896,2. 1% of the population and 3. 0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the population,1. 0% of those under the age of 18 and 10. 0% of those 65. Wanda Day, former drummer and founding member of the famous rock band 4 Non Blondes. Wanda died on July 10,1997, from an overdose and is buried in the Tropic cemetery
15.
Wayne's World 2
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Waynes World 2 is a 1993 American comedy film starring Mike Myers and Dana Carvey as hosts of a public-access television cable TV show in Aurora, Illinois. The film is the sequel to Waynes World, which was adapted from a sketch on NBCs Saturday Night Live, rock-and-roll fans Wayne Campbell and Garth Algar now host their public-access television television show, Waynes World, from an abandoned factory in Aurora, Illinois. After an Aerosmith concert, Wayne has a dream in which he meets Jim Morrison, Morrison convinces Wayne that his destiny is to organize a major music festival. Wayne and Garth dub the concert Waynestock and hire Morrisons former roadie and their early attempts to sign bands and sell tickets fail, and Wayne wonders if the endeavor is futile. Waynes girlfriend Cassandra, singer of the band Crucial Taunt, has a new producer, Bobby Cahn, after Wayne admits spying on her due to his suspicion of Bobbys ulterior motives, Cassandra breaks up with him and becomes engaged to Bobby. Garth meets a woman, Honey Hornée, who attempts to manipulate Garth into killing her ex-husband. Tickets are sold for Waynestock but no bands arrive, leaving Garth to keep the rowdy crowd in check, Wayne disrupts Cassandras wedding before escaping the ceremony with her. Meanwhile, Garth has stage fright during the concert, Wayne returns to find the bands have still not arrived. In the dream desert, Wayne and Garth consult Morrison, who says that the bands will not come and they become lost in the desert. Finding this unacceptable, Wayne and Garth reenact the ending of Thelma & Louise, finally, Wayne and Garth stage an ending in which the bands arrive and Waynestock is a success. After the concert, the park is covered with trash and the weird naked Indian cries, Wayne and Garth begin to remove the litter, promising to clean the entire park. She opted to direct another TV to big screen adaptation, The Beverly Hillbillies instead and was replaced by Stephen Surjik for the sequel and it wasnt until the release of the first Austin Powers film that Spheeris finally made peace with Myers. Waynes World 2 received mixed reviews, film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars, and wrote that Wayne and Garth are impossible to dislike. Its final North American gross was $48 million, slightly more than its $40 million production budget, Waynes World 2 also suffered from competition from other holiday season blockbusters such as Mrs. Doubtfire, Schindlers List, and The Pelican Brief. Waynes World Waynes World List of Saturday Night Live feature films Waynes World 2 at the Internet Movie Database Waynes World 2 at AllMovie
16.
Van Halen
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Jan Van Halen, born Jan van Halen, was a Dutch musician and the patriarch of the Van Halen family. He was the father of Eddie Van Halen and Alex Van Halen, Van Halen was born on January 18,1920, to Jannetje Berg and Hermanus van Halen, a butcher in Amsterdam. He had already made a career in music when in 1939, at the age of 19 and he joined the Royal Dutch Air Force and played marches for the troops until the country was occupied in 1940, forcing him to play propaganda music for the Third Reich. After the war ended in 1945, Van Halen emigrated to the Dutch East Indies, where he pursued his career and met his future wife. They married on August 11,1950 in Jakarta, Alex was born two months later in Amsterdam. The Van Halen family moved to Nijmegen, where Eddie was born in January 1955, in 1960, Jan played his biggest gig with the Ton Wijkamp Quintet, playing the Loosdrecht Jazz Festival. However, after hearing stories from her side of the family and they left in February 1962 by boat and moved across the continent by train to Pasadena, California. To complete their transition, they Americanized their surname from van Halen to Van Halen, in May 1986, Jan suffered a heart attack. He died due to the effects of alcoholism on December 9,1986 and his sons dedicated their 1988 album OU812 to their father, quoting This ones for you, pa. On August 4,2005, his wife Eugenia Van Halen passed away at the age of 89
17.
Bless the Beasts and Children (song)
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Bless the Beasts and Children is the theme song to the 1971 eponymous film and was performed by The Carpenters. It was featured on the B-side to their hit, Superstar, the B-side charted on the Billboard Hot 100, eventually topping out at #67. In order to promote it, The Carpenters performed it on their television series and it was nominated for a 1972 Academy Award for Best Song, but it lost to Isaac Hayes Theme from Shaft. The song was released on the original soundtrack, and a slightly different version was released on the Carpenters 1972 LP. The original soundtrack had a playing the melody in the introduction, while the A Song for You version, released on the single. The two versions faded out toward the end, but in 1985, Richard Carpenter re-mixed the song so it does not fade out in the end and he also added a harder bass-line
18.
The Carpenters
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The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen and Richard Carpenter. Producing a distinctively soft musical style, they one of the best-selling music artists of all time. During their 14-year career, The Carpenters recorded 11 albums,31 singles, five television specials, and their career ended in 1983 by Karens death from heart failure brought on by complications of anorexia. Extensive news coverage surrounding the circumstances of her death increased public awareness of eating disorders, the Carpenters had three No.1 singles and five No.2 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and fifteen No.1 hits on the Adult Contemporary chart. In addition, they had twelve top 10 singles, to date, The Carpenters album and single sales total more than 100 million units. Richard Carpenter was the force behind the Carpenters sound. An accomplished keyboard player, composer and arranger, Richard Carpenter was called by music critic Daniel Levitin one of the most gifted arrangers to emerge in popular music. In a period when music was dominated by heavy rock. Most of Richards arrangements were classical in style, with frequent use of strings and occasional brass, by use of multi-tracked recordings, Richard was able to use Karen and himself for the harmonies to back Karens lead. The overdubbed background harmonies were distinctive to the Carpenters, but it was the soulful, Karen did not possess a powerful singing voice, but close miking brought out many nuances in her performances. Richard Coles, a musician and broadcaster, commented, No singer is so closely miked up so unforgivingly as Karen Carpenter and that is frightening for singers because the closer the microphone the more unforgiving it is in exposing the weaknesses in a singers voice. Karens lower register was warm and distinctive, Richard arranged their music to take advantage of the qualities of said lower register, even if Karens full vocal range spanned over three octaves. Many of the Carpenters songs are in the keys of D, E flat, E, F and he also played the grand piano, Hammond organ, synthesizer and even the harpsichord with the band. In the recording studio, he often would overdub his acoustic piano parts with a Wurlitzer electric piano to thicken the sound, from the mid-1970s, Richard also used Fender Rhodes pianos. While touring, he often would have a piano as well as both a Rhodes and a Wurlitzer electric piano on stage for different songs. Karen was a drummer and initially only played drums. Before 1974, Karen played the drums for a number of their songs, according to Richard, she considered herself a drummer who sang. Although unwilling, she agreed to sing the ballads standing up front
19.
If I Were a Carpenter (tribute album)
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If I Were a Carpenter is a 1994 tribute album to The Carpenters. It features alternative rock bands covering the songs of Richard and Karen Carpenter, the cover is a cartoon-like drawing of Richard and Karen Carpenter listening to an LP album against an orange background. Richard Carpenter has said that he doesnt care for the version of Superstar by Sonic Youth, the album was the brainchild of Matt Wallace and David Konjoyan
20.
Misty Mountain Hop
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Misty Mountain Hop is a song from English rock band Led Zeppelins untitled fourth album, released in 1971. In the United States and Australia it was the B-side of the Black Dog single and it was recorded at Headley Grange, a mansion with a recording studio in Hampshire, England, where the band sometimes lived. The song is a medium tempo rocker which begins with bassist John Paul Jones on Hohner electric piano, the basic structure developed from a riff Jimmy Page came up with which was enhanced by John Paul Jones, whose electric piano introduces the theme on the finished track. It is notable for the presence of layered, melodic guitar, the song features a memorable riff, on which Page and Jones harmonize using keyboard and guitar. This repeating riff, heard on the guitar, is based on the notes A G E. At 2,11, in the half of the second verse. However, the felt that the rest of the take was too good to discard the recording. The most common interpretation of the title involves a reference to the Misty Mountains in J. R. R. Tolkiens The Hobbit. The lyrics refer to the events of the 7 July 1968 Legalise Pot Rally in Hyde Park, London, the lyrics reflect Plants quest for a better society, a place and time when hangups are replaced with individual freedom and a life of mutual support and rapport. This portion of the DVD was also part of the performance at Madison Square Garden in 1973 on the film The Song Remains the Same. It was also played at the two performances at Knebworth in 1979. For the second of the two performances, Jimmy used a 1977 Gibson RD Artist, due to a string on his main Les Paul. Misty Mountain Hop was also performed at Led Zeppelins reunion show at the O2 Arena, robert Plant performed a version of the song on his solo tours. Jimmy Page performed the song on his tour with The Black Crowes in 1999, although not included on their original album Live at the Greek, a version of Misty Mountain Hop can be found as a bonus track on the Japanese version of the album released in 2000. A different version of song is featured on the second disc of the remastered two CD deluxe edition of Led Zeppelin IV. Robert Plant – vocals Jimmy Page – guitars John Paul Jones – bass guitar, electric piano John Bonham – drums
21.
Led Zeppelin
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Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, after changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Their fourth album, which features the track Stairway to Heaven, is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, Page wrote most of Led Zeppelins music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics. Jones keyboard-based compositions later became central to the catalogue, which featured increasing experimentation. The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess, in the decades that followed, the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London, Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history. They are one of the music artists in the history of audio recording. With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units, they are the band in the US. Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and they achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums. Rolling Stone magazine described them as the heaviest band of all time, the biggest band of the Seventies, and unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, in 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith. Page soon switched from bass to guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck. Following Becks departure in October 1966, the Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, Page wanted to form a supergroup with him and Beck on guitars, and the Whos Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass, respectively. Vocalists Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project, the group never formed, although Page, Beck, and Moon did record a song together in 1966, Becks Bolero, in a session that also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones. The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968 at Luton College of Technology in Bedfordshire, Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Pages first choice for the singer was Terry Reid, but Reid declined the offer and suggested Robert Plant. Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending former Band of Joy drummer John Bonham, Jones inquired about the vacant position at the suggestion of his wife after Dreja dropped out of the project to become a photographer. Page had known Jones since they were both musicians and agreed to let him join as the final member
22.
Christina Aguilera
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Christina María Aguilera is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. Born in Staten Island, New York and raised in Rochester and Wexford, Pennsylvania, she appeared on the television series Star Search, after recording Reflection, the theme for Disneys 1998 film Mulan, Aguilera signed with RCA Records. She rose to prominence with her 1999 self-titled debut album spawned the Billboard Hot 100 number one singles, Genie in a Bottle, What a Girl Wants. The following year, Aguilera released two albums, the Spanish-language album Mi Reflejo and the holiday album My Kind of Christmas. She assumed creative control for her studio album, Stripped, which produced Dirrty, Beautiful. Aguileras fifth studio album, Back to Basics, debuted at one on the album charts of ten countries and spawned the tracks Aint No Other Man. In 2010, Aguilera released her studio album Bionic and starred in the film Burlesque. The following year, she debuted as a coach on the reality television series The Voice. Her seventh studio album, Lotus, was released in 2012, Aguilera has also been featured on several successful collaborations during her career, including Lady Marmalade, Moves like Jagger, and Say Something. Aguilera has been recognized as a pop icon and earned the title Pop Princess in her early years and her work has earned her five Grammy Awards, one Latin Grammy Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She has sold over 17.9 million albums in the United States as of 2014 and 50 million albums worldwide as of 2015. In 2009, she ranked at number 58 on Rolling Stones list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, thereby becoming the youngest and the only artist under 30 to be named. Billboard recognized her as the 20th most successful artist of the 2000s, aside from her work in the entertainment industry, Aguilera is involved in charitable activities through human rights, world issues, and her work as a UN ambassador for the World Food Programme. Christina María Aguilera was born in Staten Island, New York, on December 18,1980, to Shelly Loraine, a musician, and Fausto Xavier Aguilera and her father is Ecuadorian, while her mother has German, Irish, Welsh, and Dutch ancestry. Her family moved frequently because of her fathers service, and lived in places including New Jersey, Texas, New York. Aguilera and her mother alleged that her father was physically and emotionally abusive, claims which he denied, Aguilera used music as a form of escape from her turbulent household. Following her parents divorce when she was six years old, Aguilera, her younger sister Rachel, after several years of being estranged, Aguilera expressed interest in reconciling with her father in 2012. Growing up, Aguilera, known locally as the girl with the big voice, aspired to be a singer, singing in local talent shows
23.
Alicia Keys
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Alicia Augello Cook, known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, pianist and actress. Keys released her album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia. Keys debut album, Songs in A Minor was released in 2001, producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single Fallin, the album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002. Her sophomore album, The Diary of Alicia Keys, was released in 2003, spawning successful singles You Dont Know My Name, If I Aint Got You and Diary, the duet song My Boo with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004. The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005, later that year, she released her first live album, Unplugged, becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one. As I Am was released in 2007, producing the Hot 100 number-one single No One, selling 5 million copies worldwide, the Element of Freedom was released in 2009, becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK, and selling 4 million copies worldwide. Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on Empire State of Mind as her fourth number-one single, Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album, spawning the successful title track. Her second live album, VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013, Here was released in 2016, becoming her seventh R&B/Hip-Hop chart topping album. Keys made her first television appearance on The Cosby Show in 1985 as a four year old child and she made her film debut in Smokin Aces and later in The Nanny Diaries in 2007. Keys then had a NAACP Image Award nominated appearance in The Secret Life of Bees in 2008, Keys also made an appearance on season 2 of Empire in 2015. She is currently a coach on The Voice as of 2016, Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards. She has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide, considered a pop icon, Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years. Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005, Keys was born Alicia Augello Cook on January 25,1981, in the Hells Kitchen area of Manhattan, New York City. She is the child of Teresa, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook. Keys father is African American and her mother is of Italian, Scottish, Keys has expressed that she was comfortable with her multiracial heritage because she felt she was able to relate to different cultures. Her parents separated when she was two and she was raised by her mother during her formative years in Hells Kitchen. Keys has 2 younger half brothers, Clay Cook and Cole Cook, in 1985, Keys made an appearance on The Cosby Show at the age of four, where she and a group of girls played the parts of Rudy Huxtables sleepover guests in the episode Slumber Party. Throughout her childhood, Keys was sent to music and dance classes by her mother and she graduated in four years as valedictorian at the age of 16
24.
Pink (singer)
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Alecia Beth Moore, known professionally as Pink, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress. She was signed to her first record label with original R&B girl group Choice in 1995, the label, LaFace Records saw potential in only Pink, offering her a solo deal. Pink rose as an artist with her solo album, Cant Take Me Home. It was certified double-platinum in the United States and spawned two Billboard Hot 100 top-ten hits, There You Go and Most Girls and she gained further recognition with the Moulin Rouge. Soundtrack Lady Marmalade, which gave Pink her first Grammy Award as well as her first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100, Pink took control in early 2001 insisting she wanted to work with her childhood hero, Linda Perry. Pink took more control and pursued a pop direction for her second album. It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and yielded three United States top-ten singles, Get the Party Started, Dont Let Me Get Me, Pinks third album, Try This, generated considerably lower sales, but earned her the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. Pink revived her popularity with her fourth and fifth albums, Im Not Dead and Funhouse, with the latter containing her second United States number-one hit. Pink concluded the first decade of her career with the compilation album Greatest Hits, so Far. which featured Fuckin Perfect and the chart-topping single Raise Your Glass. In 2014 Pink recorded an album, Rose Ave. with Canadian musician Dallas Green under a folk music duo named You+Me. Recognized for her signature vocals and acrobatic performances, Pink has sold over 60 million albums worldwide. Her career accolades include three Grammy Awards, a Brit Award, a Daytime Emmy Award and six MTV Video Music Awards, in 2009, Billboard named Pink the Pop Songs Artist of the Decade. Pink was also the second most-played female solo artist in the United Kingdom during the 2000s decade, vH1 ranked her number 10 on their list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music, while Billboard awarded her the Woman of the Year award in 2013. At the 63rd annual BMI Pop Awards, she received the BMI Presidents Award for her achievement in songwriting and global impact on pop culture. Alecia Beth Moore was born on September 8,1979, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, to nurse Judy and insurance salesman Jim Moore and she has described her background as Irish-German-Lithuanian-Jew. Although a healthy baby at birth, she developed asthma that plagued her through her early years. Pink attended Central Bucks High School West, when Moore was a toddler, her parents began having marital problems, and before she was 10 her parents had divorced. Pink developed her voice early in life, in high school, Pink joined her first band, Middleground, but it disbanded upon losing a battle of the bands competition
25.
Gwen Stefani
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Gwen Renée Stefani is an American singer, songwriter, and fashion designer. During the bands hiatus, Stefani embarked on a pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was met both critical and commercial success. It spawned three successful singles, What You Waiting For. Rich Girl, and Hollaback Girl, the reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006 Stefani released her studio album The Sweet Escape. The album produced two singles, Wind It Up and the albums title track The Sweet Escape. Her third solo album This Is What the Truth Feels Like was released in March 2016, Stefani has won three Grammy Awards. As a solo artist she has received accolades, including an American Music Award, Brit Award, World Music Award. In 2003, she debuted her clothing line L. A. M. B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line, drawing inspiration from Japanese culture, Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls. She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2015, Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000–09 decade. VH1 ranked her 13th on their 100 Greatest Women in Music list in 2012, including her work with No Doubt, Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. Stefani was born on October 3,1969, in Fullerton, California and she was named after a stewardess in the 1968 novel Airport, and her middle name, Renée, comes from The Four Tops 1968 cover of The Left Bankes 1966 song Walk Away Renée. Her father, Dennis Stefani, is Italian American and worked as a Yamaha marketing executive and her mother, Patti, worked as an accountant before becoming a housewife. Gwens parents were fans of music and exposed her to music by artists like Bob Dylan. She has two siblings, Jill and Todd, and an older brother named Eric. Eric was the keyboardist for No Doubt before leaving the band to pursue a career in animation on The Simpsons. Her brother Eric introduced Gwen to 2 Tone music by Madness and The Selecter and, in 1986, he invited her to provide vocals for No Doubt, finally, in 1991, the band was signed to Interscope Records
26.
Courtney Love
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Courtney Michelle Love is an American singer, actress, writer, and visual artist. Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades and she rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics. The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll, Love had an itinerant early life and she spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland, Oregon, where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox. After forming Hole in 1989, she received attention from underground rock press for the groups debut album. Holes second release, Live Through This, gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades, in 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Formans The People vs. Larry Flynt, which established her as a mainstream actress, the following year, she saw further mainstream success with the release of Holes third album, Celebrity Skin, which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards. Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in pictures such as Man on the Moon and Trapped, before releasing her first solo album, Americas Sweetheart. That project became Nobodys Daughter, which was released in 2010 as a Hole album, between 2014 and 2015, she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. Love has also had endeavors in writing, co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, as well as a memoir, Dirty Blonde, The Diaries of Courtney Love. In 2012, she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And Shes Not Even Pretty. Love was born Courtney Michelle Harrison on July 9,1964 in San Francisco, California, the daughter of Linda Carroll and Hank Harrison, Loves godfather is the founding Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh. Her mother, who was adopted as a child, was revealed to be the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox. Loves great-grandmother was screenwriter Elsie Fox, Love is of Cuban, English, German, Irish, and Welsh descent. Loves mother, who was studying to be a psychologist, had her in therapy by the age of two. In 1970, her mother moved the family to the community of Marcola, Oregon. She described her parents household as being full of hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked Gestalt therapy and my mom was also adamant about a gender-free household, no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing. Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, where she struggled academically and had trouble making friends, at age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism
27.
Kelly Osbourne
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Kelly Lee Osbourne is a British singer-songwriter, actress, television presenter and fashion designer. She has also appeared on Dancing with the Stars, in which she and she is the voice of Hildy Gloom in the Disney XD animated series The 7D. She is also a judge on both Australias Got Talent and Project Runway Junior, Osbourne was born in Westminster, London. She has a sister, Aimee, and a younger brother. From Ozzys first marriage, she also has two half-siblings, Jessica Hobbs and Louis John Osbourne and she had an unofficially adopted brother, Robert Marcato, whom Sharon and Ozzy took in after Marcatos mother died. Kelly grew up travelling with her father as he went on tour, Osbourne and the rest of her family chose the vicissitudes of public life with the MTV reality show The Osbournes, which aired from 2002 to 2005. The series chronicled their day-to-day life, portraying a family in which metal music, profanity. Kelly, the child, emerged as a wickedly funny, brutally honest, pint-size. The series started when she was seventeen, and ended when she was twenty, in 2002, during the second season of The Osbournes, Kelly dated The Used lead singer Bert McCracken. The show was filmed in California, where the family has had their residence for several decades, stiletto Killers was a rock-inspired line of tees, knickers, hoodies and sweatpants designed by Osbourne and Barone, emblazoned with cartoonish designs and punk rock phrases. There was also a more sophisticated couture branch, the SK Collection, stiletto Killers closed in April 2006. Her debut album, Shut Up, was released by Epic Records in 2002 to moderate American sales, the lead single, a cover of Madonnas Papa Dont Preach, debuted with Houston rock band Pure Rubbish at the 2002 MTV Film Awards. The album, which debuted at No.1 on Billboards Heatseekers chart, was met with mixed reviews and, by May 2003. By autumn she was on the Sanctuary label, later recording a duet of Changes with her father, the duet hit No.1 on the UK charts and resulted in a reissue of Shut Up, titled Changes. Changes was one of a few tracks to have fallen down the charts whilst selling more copies than the week it reached number 1. Osbourne was the first artist to top all three of the Billboard charts dance surveys in the week with the Chris Cox Club Remix of One Word. Osbourne made her debut as an actress with a role on 7 October 2004 on the ABC high school teenage drama Life as We Know It. On 2 April 2004, Osbourne entered the Malibu rehab facility Promises after admitting to her family that she was addicted to painkillers
28.
Storm Large
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Storm Large is a singer, songwriter, actor, and author. She attracted national attention as a contestant on the CBS reality television show Rock Star, for many years solely a rock artist, in recent years she has branched out into the theater and cabaret world. A resident of Portland, Oregon, she currently balances performing with her own band in venues around the country, Storm Large was born and raised in suburban Southborough, Massachusetts. Since around age five, she started singing and writing songs and she graduated in 1987 from St. Marks School, a private school whose alumni include Ben Bradlee, Prince Hashim of Jordan. Her father Henry Large was a teacher there, as well as the football team coach before he retired. After high school, she attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, where she earned an associate degree in 1989. In the early 1990s Large moved to California and the San Francisco Bay Area, Large is bisexual, though she dislikes the term and instead calls herself sexually omnivorous. While in San Francisco Storm formed the bands Flower SF, Storm and Her Dirty Mouth, Storm also performed with Michael Cavaseno as the duo Storm and Michael or Storm and Friends. Storm, Inc. featured Shaunna Hall of 4 Non Blondes, Shaunna was featured on The Calm Years LP and toured with the band for a few months after the albums release. On January 12,2012, Storm published a memoir titled Crazy Enough and it is an expansion on her cabaret show produced by Portland Center Stage. The book, published by Free Press, is an account of her growing up with a mother with psychological issues, her stint as a competitive rower, and her eventual successes. The Balls, also known as Storm and the Balls, were formed in May/June 2002 after Large moved to Portland from San Francisco, Storm and the Balls consisted of Davey Loprinzi on bass guitar, James Beaton on keyboards, and Brian Parnel on drums. The Balls drew what local media called a cult-like following in clubs and they perform lounge-core, mash-up renditions of artists such as ABBA, Black Sabbath, Cheap Trick, Billy Idol, Led Zeppelin, Motörhead and Olivia Newton-John as well as their own compositions. Large worked part-time as a bartender at Dantes when not touring with The Balls, the Balls opened for Everclear, Nina Hagen, Hank 3, Pleasure Club, and Nancy Sinatra, to name a few. The Balls Davey Nipples and James Beaton were also touring musicians with Everclear, drummer Brian Parnell was formerly in the band Motherload. Storm has also sung with John Doe, Rufus Wainwright, China Forbes, Darcelle, George Clinton, Katey Sagal, Michael McKean, Eric McFadden, during live shows, Storm has filled in for Jen Folker on vocals alongside Rob Wynia with Drumattica out of Portland. Before moving to Portland, she performed in the San Francisco Bay Area with her former bands Storm Inc, Storm and Her Dirty Mouth, and FlowerSF
29.
Eric McFadden
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Eric McFadden is an American guitarist, vocalist and songwriter from San Francisco Bay Area, California. Reviews note McFaddens guitar virtuosity, distinctly melodic songwriting and rich and his recordings and performances are cross genre and his lyrics often express an interest in the macabre side of life and love. He spent his years in Albuquerque, NM, receiving lessons from Stanton Hirsch among others. During his mid-teens, he moved to Syracuse, NY where he acquired a considerable amount of knowledge in jazz guitar techniques, McFadden has also spent time in Spain studying flamenco techniques and in interviews has expressed interest in Gypsy music. Liars debut release Devil Dog Road and follow-up album Gone Too Far received much acclaim among fans and critics. Liar won the SF Weekly Music Award in 1997 and BAM Magazines California Music Awards in 1998, Paulo Baldi also joined him in the band, Alien Lovestock, which was self-described as chili-powered, hard rockin, avant-funk, Latin, surreal-desert groove. Eric McFadden toured extensively between 2002-2010 with his trio, EMT, which features bassist, James Whiton and a revolving cast of such as Paulo Baldi & Kevin Carnes. Other credits include three years as guitarist and mandolinist for George Clinton and the P-Funk All-Stars, in 2004, McFadden joined Stockholm Syndrome with bassist Dave Schools, singer-guitarist, Jerry Joseph and drummer Wally Ingram. In 2005-2007, along with Wally Ingram, McFadden joined Eric Burdon and the Animals, and toured Europe, Canada, in January 2013, Eric McFadden was again on tour with Eric Burdon and the Animals through the summer of 2014. He is also touring and recording with his new supergroup, T. E. N, McFadden has released several albums through the French label, Bad Reputation, in 2006-2007, including Dementia and Lets Die Together. Forever. In 2009, McFadden released Delicate Thing and Train To Salvation and his latest full-length album, Bluebird on Fire, was released in 2011 by both Bad Reputation in Europe and by phYne Entertainment in the USA. This release features such players as Norwood Fisher, Dave Catching, Dave Schools, Paulo Baldi, Victor DeLorenzo, Abby Travis, Wally Ingram, in 2011, phYne Entertainment released a compilation for Eric McFadden entitled, Inside Out, which included four previously unreleased tracks. McFaddens Faraway Brothers album, Hand me that Cow, was released by phYne Entertainment in Fall 2012, the debut release from T. E. N. is due out in 2017. In recent years, Eric McFadden has become involved with altruistic endeavors. Has visited schools, detention centers, teen shelters and continues to provide creative outlets. October 20,2005 Eric McFadden Trio Joy of Suffering Dave Pehling, SFWeekly. com, silke Tudor, SFWeekly. com, August 11,2004 Retrieved July 26,2007 Eric McFaddens Official Site TENs Official Site We Are 10 Star. Official Site phYne Entertainment Official Site
30.
George Clinton (musician)
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George Clinton is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer. He was the architect of P-Funk and the mastermind of the bands Parliament and Funkadelic during the 1970s. He launched a career in 1981. He has been cited as one of the foremost innovators of funk music along with James Brown and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Clinton was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina, grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, during his teen years Clinton formed a doo wop group inspired by Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers called The Parliaments, while straightening hair at a barber salon in Plainfield. For a period in the 1960s Clinton was a songwriter for Motown. These two bands combined the elements of such as Jimi Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, Cream, and James Brown while exploring various sounds, technology. Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic dominated diverse music during the 1970s with over 40 R&B hit singles, Clintons efforts as a solo artist began in 1982. He is also a music producer who works on almost all the albums he performs on. Beginning in the early 1980s, Clinton recorded several solo albums. In 1982, Clinton signed to Capitol Records under two names, his own and as the P-Funk All-Stars, releasing Computer Games under his own name that same year. The single Loopzilla hit the Top 20 on the R&B charts, followed by Atomic Dog, in 1985, he was recruited by the Red Hot Chili Peppers to produce their album Freaky Styley, because the band members were huge fans of George Clintons and of funk in general. Clinton, in fact, wrote the vocals and lyrics to the track which was originally intended by the band to be left as an instrumental piece. The album was not a success at the time, but has since sold 500,000 copies after the Red Hot Chili Peppers became popular years later. During the mid to late 1980s, many hip-hop and rap artists cited Clintons earlier music as an influence, along with James Brown, Clintons songs with Parliament-Funkadelic were often sampled by rap producers. Sure, sample my stuff… he remarked in 1996, Aint a better time to get paid than when youre my age. You know what to do with money and you dont buy as much pussy or drugs with it – you just buy some. In 1989, Clinton released The Cinderella Theory on Paisley Park and this was followed by Hey Man, Smell My Finger in 1993
31.
Parliament-Funkadelic
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Parliament-Funkadelic is an American funk, soul and rock music collective headed by George Clinton. Their style has been dubbed P-Funk and they influenced numerous post-disco and post-punk music groups of the 1980s and 1990s. The collectives origins date back to the group the Parliaments, formed in the late 1950s in Plainfield. The name Parliament-Funkadelic became the term for the multiple bands in Clintons stable. By the late 1970s the collective had grown to dozens of musicians recording and touring under many different group names. Overall, the collective achieved thirteen top ten hits in the American R&B music charts between 1967 and 1983, including six number one hits. By the early 1980s, Clinton consolidated the collectives projects and continued touring under the names George Clinton. Some former members of Parliament perform under the name Original P, sixteen members of Parliament-Funkadelic were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. The etymology of the term P-Funk is subject to multiple interpretations and it has been identified typically as an abbreviation of Parliament-Funkadelic. Another suggested definition is Plainfield Funk, referring to Plainfield, New Jersey, the liner notes of CD versions of the 1978 Parliament album Motor Booty Affair suggest that the P stands for Pure. It has also suggested that it is an abbreviation of Psychedelic Funk. The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic led to use of the term P-Funk to describe what is now considered to be a genre of music in its own right. The P-Funk story began in 1956 in Plainfield, New Jersey and this was The Parliaments, a name inspired by Parliament cigarettes. By the early 1960s, the group had solidified into the lineup of Clinton, Ray Stingray Davis, Clarence Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon. Later, the group rehearsed in a partially owned by Clinton. The Parliaments finally achieved a hit single in 1967 with Testify while Clinton began commuting to Detroit as a songwriter and producer for Motown Records, after a contractual dispute in which Clinton temporarily lost the rights to the name The Parliaments, Clinton brought the backing musicians forward. When the band relocated to Detroit, their guitar-based, raw sound, with its heavy psychedelic rock influences, inspired Billy Bass Nelson. Clinton signed Funkadelic to Westbound Records, and the five Parliaments singers were credited as guests while the five musicians were listed as the group members
32.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
33.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
34.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
35.
GfK Entertainment Charts
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The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment
36.
Netherlands
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The Netherlands, also informally known as Holland is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom. The three largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague, Amsterdam is the countrys capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government. The port of Rotterdam is the worlds largest port outside East-Asia, the name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. Netherlands literally means lower countries, influenced by its low land and flat geography, most of the areas below sea level are artificial. Since the late 16th century, large areas have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes, with a population density of 412 people per km2 –507 if water is excluded – the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country. Only Bangladesh, South Korea, and Taiwan have both a population and higher population density. Nevertheless, the Netherlands is the worlds second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products and this is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate. In 2001, it became the worlds first country to legalise same-sex marriage, the Netherlands is a founding member of the EU, Eurozone, G-10, NATO, OECD and WTO, as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. The first four are situated in The Hague, as is the EUs criminal intelligence agency Europol and this has led to the city being dubbed the worlds legal capital. The country also ranks second highest in the worlds 2016 Press Freedom Index, the Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy, ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom. It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund, in 2013, the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world, reflecting its high quality of life. The Netherlands also ranks joint second highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, the region called Low Countries and the country of the Netherlands have the same toponymy. Place names with Neder, Nieder, Nether and Nedre and Bas or Inferior are in use in all over Europe. They are sometimes used in a relation to a higher ground that consecutively is indicated as Upper, Boven, Oben. In the case of the Low Countries / the Netherlands the geographical location of the region has been more or less downstream. The geographical location of the region, however, changed over time tremendously
