1.
John Lyons (actor)
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John Lyons is an English stage and screen actor. He is probably most famous for appearing as Detective Sergeant George Toolan in the long-running UK detective drama, Lyons also appeared in a cameo role as the overly forward moustachioed omnibus driver for Rose, a war-time conductress, in the Home Fires episode of Upstairs Downstairs. Lyons has had a long and successful career in Television, and has also had numerous theatrical roles, in September 2005, Lyons joined the cast of the worlds longest-running play, The Mousetrap, in Londons West End. Lyons is currently on a UK tour in an adaptation of the BBC amateur detective series, Father Brown. He is also a performer in Pantomime throughout the country. John Lyons at the Internet Movie Database John Lyons in The Sweeney - Bad Apple
2.
Barbara Thompson (musician)
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Barbara Gracey Thompson MBE is an English jazz saxophonist, flautist and composer. She studied clarinet, flute, piano and classical composition at the Royal College of Music, since 1967, she has been married to drummer Jon Hiseman of Colosseum. Around 1970, Thompson was part of Neil Ardleys New Jazz Orchestra, barbara Thompsons Jubiaba including Peter Lemer, Roy Babbington, Henry Lowther, Ian Hamer, Derek Wadsworth, Trevor Tomkins, Bill Le Sage, Glyn Thomas. Barbara Thompsons Paraphernalia, her current working band with Peter Lemer, Billy Thompson, Dave Ball and she was awarded the MBE in 1996 for services to music. Due to Parkinsons disease diagnosed in 1997, she retired as an active saxophonist in 2001 with a farewell tour, since 2004 she has been a permanent member of Colosseum. Thompson has worked closely with Andrew Lloyd Webber on musicals such as Cats and Starlight Express and she played the incidental music in the popular ITV police series A Touch of Frost starring David Jason. She also played flute on Jeff Waynes Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, since 1967, Thompson has been married to Colosseum drummer Jon Hiseman. Their son Marcus was born in 1972, and their daughter Anna in 1975
3.
Jon Hiseman
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Philip John Jon Hiseman is an English drummer, recording engineer, record producer and music publisher. In the mid-1960s Hiseman played in such as the early Arthur Brown single. In 1966 he replaced Ginger Baker in the Graham Bond Organisation and also played for a spell with Georgie Fame. He then joined John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers in 1968 playing on the iconic album Bare Wires, in April 1968 he left to form what has been critically claimed as the seminal jazz rock/progressive rock band, Colosseum. Colosseum disbanded in November 1971, although Hiseman later formed Colosseum II with Don Airey, between these two versions of Colosseum, Hiseman formed the band Tempest with Allan Holdsworth, Paul Williams and Colosseum bandmate Mark Clarke. Ollie Halsall joined the band making the band a quintet but Holdsworth left the group along with Williams, leaving Halsall to handle all guitar. Hiseman has subsequently played in groups, notably with his wife, saxophonist Barbara Thompson. Andrew Lloyd Webber, searching for a sound for an album to feature his brother Julian on cello, stumbled upon Colosseum II by accident and this was the start of a ten-year relationship with Hiseman, whose drumming features on recordings, TV specials and musicals. Hiseman is a member of the United Jazz and Rock Ensemble. Colosseum reunited in June 1994 with the same line-up of musicians as when they broke up 23 years earlier. They played the Freiburg Zelt Musik Festival and followed it up with a German TV Special in October, which was recorded and released as a CD and a VHS video, a DVD version followed in 2003. Several new studio releases also followed, as well as expanded editions of Valentyne Suite and Colosseum Live, in October 2010, a biography of Jon Hiseman, entitled Playing the Band, was published. It was written by Martyn Hanson and edited by original Colosseum manager, highlights II Die Neunte Von United The UJRE plays Albert Mangelsdorff X The UJRE plays Wolfgang Dauner The UJRE plays Volker Kriegel A Night in the Sun – About Time Too
4.
Ray Russell (musician)
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Raymond Ray Russell is an English session musician who is primarily a guitarist. He is also renowned as a producer and composer. In 1973 he was a member of the band Mouse, who released a rock album entitled Lady Killer for the Sovereign record label. He also played in the DVD Simon Phillips Returns with Simon Phillips, along with colleagues Mo Foster and Ralph Salmins, Russell gives musical seminars at UK educational establishments and occasionally other venues around the world. It currently achieves its music distribution partially from its website and partially by distributing portable hard drives to music editors, the company features music written and performed by Russell and several other well-established session players, including Mo Foster, Steve Donnelly and Simon Eyre
5.
ITV Yorkshire
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ITV Yorkshire is the British television service provided by ITV Broadcasting Limited for the Yorkshire franchise area on the ITV network. Until 1974, this was primarily the historic county of Yorkshire and parts of neighbouring counties served by the Emley Moor, on 1 January 2007, the company transferred its programme production business to ITV Studios Limited. As a consequence, Yorkshire Television Limited ceased to trade on 1 January 2007, Yorkshire Television Ltd still legally exists, but its licence is now owned and operated by ITV plc under the licence name of ITV Broadcasting Limited. Yorkshire Television Ltd is, along with most other companies owned by ITV plc. ITV Yorkshire, previously known as Yorkshire Television, and sometimes abbreviated to YTV or Yorkshire, has its origins in the 1967 franchise round. That round stipulated that the influential pan-North region, the licence which was owned by Granada Television and ABC, consequently, it was decided that Granada would keep the North West franchise and a new franchise created for Yorkshire. Ten formal bids were received by the date, another less-serious bid, Diddy TV. Telefusion Yorkshire Limited, created by the Blackpool-based TV rental chain Telefusion and it was chosen on the condition that it merged with another applicant Yorkshire Independent Television. The new venture initially chose the name Yorkshire Television Network but decided to drop the word Network before going on air, the station began broadcasting on 29 July 1968 from new studios at Kirkstall Road in Leeds. After an opening ceremony led by The Duchess of Kent, the stations first programme was live coverage of a Test cricket match between England and Australia at Headingley. The station was hit hard financially when the transmitter mast at Emley Moor collapsed in March 1969 under a heavy build-up of ice and this left the major part of the region uncovered by Yorkshire Television plus BBC2 who broadcast from the same mast. A temporary mast was erected and television to the West Riding of Yorkshire resumed. From this, the company grew and by May 1970 the company was making profits of over £689,000, in June 1969, talks began between Yorkshire and Anglia about achieving a cost cutting exercise by sharing equipment and facilities. Neither company planned joint productions or a merger, the decision to form an association was purely down to the costs of the increase levy on the companies advertising revenue by the government, and the cost of colour TV. ITA stated there was no reason why the companies should not have talks about sensible economies that could be made and this seriously reduced YTVs monopoly commercial broadcast area. Partially to address this issue, in 1974 the Independent Broadcasting Authority reallocated the Belmont Transmitter, then served by Anglia Television, to YTV. It is often contended that the point of the trident was intended to be Anglia Television. However, it appears that the point was to be Tridents non-television interests
6.
ITV Studios
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ITV Studios is a television production company owned by the British television broadcaster ITV plc. It is primarily based in Greater Manchester and London in the United Kingdom and it was formerly ITV Productions, and originally Granada Productions. ITV Studios not only makes programmes primarily for its parent company ITV plc, the division is also responsible for ITVs production facilities The London Studios, 3SixtyMedia, and location hire company ProVision. ITV Studios Global Entertainment is responsible for sales of finished programmes, formats, programmes on non-ITV channels retained the Granada brand until 2009. Many of the programmes shown on ITV network show the end-board featuring the ITV Studios logo after the credits as of 2009, ITV Studios is a major commercial TV producer in the UK, creating over 3,500 hours of original programming each year across all genres except news. Its network programmes include Coronation Street, Emmerdale, Heartbeat, Marple and Agatha Christies Poirot, Brainiac, Science Abuse, parkinson, Ant & Decs Saturday Night Takeaway, Tonight, The Jeremy Kyle Show and This Morning. ITV Studios also produces programmes for other UK broadcasters outside of its own network and these include the BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5 and BSkyB. ITV Studios is based in London and Manchester, with the centre in Leeds now only home to Emmerdale, the production centres in Bristol and Norwich closed in 2006 and 2012 respectively. ITV Studios also owns So Television after acquiring Graham Nortons production company in 2012, on 22 April 2013, ITV announced they had acquired production company The Garden for £18 million, which is best known for producing Channel 4 series 24 Hours in A&E. In 2013, ITV launched a new company named Potato. 2016 sees ITV Studios secure a four-year British horse racing deal which will see the Cheltenham Festival, since 14 January 2013, the ITV logo has been added to the opening credits of the majority of ITV Studios-produced shows airing on ITVs channels, similar to the BBC. In 2004, a duopoly had formed, and Granada owned six franchises, Granada bought a 64% controlling stake and took over Carlton in 2004 with the amalgamation of ITV. Consequently, programmes produced by all divisions were referred to as A Granada Manchester Production, A Granada London Production, in 2006, Granada, in association with FremantleMedia North America, produced Gameshow Marathon, an American version of Ant & Decs Gameshow Marathon for CBS. The company was formerly Granada America but was re-branded in May 2009, ITV announced on 7 May 2014, the acquisition of Leftfield Entertainment Group, which produces shows such as Pawn Stars, Counting Cars and American Restoration. The company has its origins in production company Artist Services, a company formed in 1989 by a group of investors including Steve Vizard, producing many classic shows. Half of the company was sold to John Fairfax Holdings in 1995 for A$9 million, in 1998, the entire company was acquired by Granada for A$25 million. The company rebranded as ITV Studios Australia in January 2013, with the first program carrying the new branding being the season of ABC comedy program Shaun Micallefs Mad as Hell. ITV Studios Germany programmes include Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus, Star Duell and Deutschlands Beste Doppelgänger for RTL, and East-West German comedy Ei Verbibbsch for Sat.1
7.
ITV (TV channel)
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ITV is a commercial television channel in the United Kingdom. Previously a network of regional television channels, ITV currently operates in England, Wales, Scotland, the Isle of Man. From 2001 until 2013, the channel was called ITV1, in 2004, Granada Television acquired Carlton Communications to form ITV plc. ITV is the biggest and most popular television channel in the United Kingdom. ITV and its channels have contended with BBC One for the status of the UKs most watched television channel since the 1950s. However, in line with other channels, ITVs audience share has fallen in the era of multi-channel television. Following the creation of the Television Act 1954, the establishment of a television service in the UK began. The Independent Television service, or ITV, was made up of regions, the three largest regions were subdivided into weekday and weekend services, with a different company running each. ITV existed in a form from its inception to the 2000s. ITV1 became the generic brand name used by the twelve franchises of the ITV Network in the United Kingdom. The brand was introduced in 2001 by Carlton- and Granada-owned franchises, however, it became the sole on-air identity in 2002 when the two companies decided to create a single unified playout of the channel, with regional references only used prior to regional programming. Carlton and Granada went on to merge in 2004, creating ITV plc which now owns thirteen of the fifteen regional ITV licences. The ITV1 name was used in England, Wales, Southern Scotland and Isle of Man until Channel Television adopted the name in January 2006. It should be noted, however, that as national continuity is used on Channel Television. ITV Wales & West was the exception, using the name ITV1 Wales at all times for the Welsh part of its broadcast area as it has a higher regional commitment. Latterly the ITV1 Wales name was used on breakbumpers and regionally advertised programmes till 2013. Non ITV plc-owned licencees on the network generally did not refer to the ITV name, the network production arms of the ITV-plc owned licencees have been gradually combined since 1993 to eventually form ITV Studios. ITV was formed by the unification of eleven of the ITV licences, the Broadcasting Act 1990 changed many of the rules regulating the ITV Network, which most notably relaxed franchise ownership and hours of production
8.
STV (TV channel)
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STV is a television channel serving the majority of Scotland. It operates the two ITV licensees in northern and central Scotland, formerly known as Grampian Television and Scottish Television, the brand was adopted on Tuesday 30 May 2006 replacing both franchises identities. In 2013, STV won licences to launch local TV channels in Glasgow, STV Glasgow launched on 2 June 2014, with STV Edinburgh following on 12 January 2015. In spring 2017, the city channels are to be rebranded as STV2 and operated in combination with new franchises centred on Aberdeen, Dundee, there is no STV South as Southern Scotland is part of the ITV Border region and programmes are presented there under the ITV Border brand. Emphasising the fact that STV is essentially one channel across the two regions, there is a director of channels, and a single head of news. Terms in the renewed licences for both STV Central and STV North also mean that regional non-news programmes are shared across both licences. Although the stations are required to produce 1.5 hours a week of regional non-news programmes, the chief executive of STV Group plc. Today, news and current affairs forms the bulk of STVs regular programming on Channel 3, on a network scale, one of STVs most famous exports is the long-running crime drama Taggart, set in Glasgow. The networks range of programmes was dramatically expanded during the 1990s under director Alistair Moffat, another of the stations best-known programmes, Scotsport, ran continuously for 51 years until May 2008 and remains one of the worlds longest-running television sports programmes. ITVs coverage of the FA Cup was also dropped, ITV plc claimed that STV were in breach of their network agreements by making this decision and sued STV for £38 million. STV launched its own legal action against ITV plc, claiming the company was owed money, the then executive chairman of ITV plc, Michael Grade claimed his company was the victim in the ongoing dispute. The company pledged to continue with its plan to more regional programming. On 27 April 2011, ITV plc and STV settled their legal dispute, the programming rights payment is capped at a maximum of £15 million. In addition, STV will receive £2.4 million of credit for programme opt outs in 2011, STV said it believed it was in the best interests of shareholders to end the long period of uncertainty. The parties have agreed the basis of a collaborative relationship for the future. The deal would see STV and UTV become affiliates of the network, at the time, the licence holders paid a percentage of the Channel 3 network costs based on their share of qualifying revenue. On 23 August 2012 STV confirmed the new agreement with ITV was in operation. The STV studios in Glasgow were originally located in the former Theatre Royal in the Cowcaddens area of the city, the first programme broadcast by STV from the Theatre Royal studios was This is Scotland on 31 August 1957
9.
UTV (TV channel)
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UTV is a commercial television broadcaster in Northern Ireland owned and operated by ITV plc as part of the ITV Network. Formed in November 1958 and appointed as contractor for the Independent Television Authority soon after. UTV was sold by UTV Media plc to ITV plc in February 2016, each transmitter has a series of relay stations. UTV was the last of the ITV stations to cease broadcasting on analogue transmitters, the analogue signal was closed at just after 11,35 pm on Tuesday 23 October 2012. The ITA eventually persuaded both applicants to merge their bids to obtain the new franchise, on the provision that a stake of investment in the station was offered to Catholic sources. Ulster Television went on air at 4. 45pm on Saturday 31 October 1959, the stations opening was overseen by Lord Wakehurst, then Governor of Northern Ireland, and Sir Laurence Olivier introduced the opening ceremony. Sir Laurence Olivier delivered the stations first epilogue, an excerpt from Joseph Addisons The Spacious Firmament, the following evening, UTV contributed a play to the Armchair Theatre series, A Shilling for the Evil Day, produced in association with ABC Television. Initially, Ulster Televisions programmes would only be available to viewers located within range of the Black Mountain transmitter near Belfast. On the stations first night of programmes however, it was reported that residents of Dublin. Coverage of UTV spread to Western areas of Northern Ireland when the Strabane transmitter opened in February 1963, Ulster Televisions UHF PAL colour service was launched with the opening of the UHF transmitter Divis in September 1970. This was followed by two transmitters at Limavady and Brougher Mountain. In October 1988, the station began 24-hour broadcasting - the last station in the ITV network to do so. UTV was originally scheduled to take a provided by Central in Birmingham. At the companys annual meeting in Belfast on 26 May 2006. The company believed that the name no longer reflected the full scope of the companys business. UTV Ltd. – the original Ulster Television Limited, now a wholly owned subsidiary of UTV Media – returned to being solely the operating company for the ITV franchise. On 19 October 2015, UTV Media announced that it would sell its ITV franchise, ITV CEO Adam Crozier welcomed the news by saying, The acquisition, finalised the following February, left STV Group as the only remaining independent owner of ITV franchises. ITV plans to retain the UTV brand in Northern Ireland, on 11 July 2016, ITV plc announced that it would sell the UTV Ireland service to Virgin Media Ireland
10.
Stereophonic sound
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Stereophonic sound or, more commonly, stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective. Thus the term applies to so-called quadraphonic and surround-sound systems as well as the more common two-channel. It is often contrasted with monophonic, or mono sound, where audio is heard as coming from one position, in the 2000s, stereo sound is common in entertainment systems such as broadcast radio and TV, recorded music and the cinema. The word stereophonic derives from the Greek στερεός, firm, solid + φωνή, sound, tone, voice and it was coined in 1927 by Western Electric, the signal is then reproduced over multiple loudspeakers to recreate, as closely as possible, the live sound. Secondly artificial or pan-pot stereo, in which a sound is reproduced over multiple loudspeakers. By varying the amplitude of the signal sent to each speaker an artificial direction can be suggested. The control which is used to vary this relative amplitude of the signal is known as a pan-pot, by combining multiple pan-potted mono signals together, a complete, yet entirely artificial, sound field can be created. In technical usage, true stereo sound recording and sound reproduction that uses stereographic projection to encode the relative positions of objects and events recorded. During two-channel stereo recording, two microphones are placed in strategically chosen locations relative to the source, with both recording simultaneously. The two recorded channels will be similar, but each will have distinct time-of-arrival and sound-pressure-level information, during playback, the listeners brain uses those subtle differences in timing and sound level to triangulate the positions of the recorded objects. Stereo recordings often cannot be played on systems without a significant loss of fidelity. This phenomenon is known as phase cancellation and this two-channel telephonic process was commercialized in France from 1890 to 1932 as the Théâtrophone, and in England from 1895 to 1925 as the Electrophone. Both were services available by coin-operated receivers at hotels and cafés, modern stereophonic technology was invented in the 1930s by British engineer Alan Blumlein at EMI, who patented stereo records, stereo films, and also surround sound. In early 1931, Blumlein and his wife were at a local cinema, Blumlein declared to his wife that he had found a way to make the sound follow the actor across the screen. The genesis of ideas is uncertain, but he explained them to Isaac Shoenberg in the late summer of 1931. His earliest notes on the subject are dated 25 September 1931, the application was dated 14 December 1931, and was accepted on 14 June 1933 as UK patent number 394,325. The patent covered many ideas in stereo, some of which are used today and these discs used the two walls of the groove at right angles in order to carry the two channels. Much of the development work on this system for cinematic use did not reach completion until 1935, in Blumleins short test films, his original intent of having the sound follow the actor was fully realised
11.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
12.
ITV (TV network)
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ITV is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom. Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 its legal name has been Channel 3, to distinguish it from the analogue channels at the time, namely BBC1, BBC2. ITV is a network of channels that operate regional television services as well as sharing programmes between each other to be displayed on the entire network. In recent years, several of companies have merged so currently the fifteen franchises are in the hands of two companies. With the exception of Northern Ireland, the ITV brand is the used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas. In Northern Ireland, ITV plc uses the brand name UTV, STV Group plc, uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland. The origins of ITV lie in the passing of the Television Act 1954, the act created the Independent Television Authority to heavily regulate the industry and to award franchises. The first six franchises were awarded in 1954 for London, the Midlands, the first ITV network to launch was Londons Associated-Rediffusion on 22 September 1955, with the Midlands and North services launching in February 1956 and May 1956 respectively. Following these launches, the ITA awarded more franchises until the country was covered by fourteen regional stations. Following the 1993 changes, ITV as a network began to consolidate with several companies doing so to save money by ceasing the duplication of services present when they were all separate companies. The ITV Network is not owned or operated by one company, since 2016 the fifteen licences are held by two companies, with the majority held by ITV Broadcasting Limited, part of ITV plc. The network is regulated by the media regulator Ofcom who is responsible for awarding the broadcast licences, the last major review of the Channel 3 franchises was in 1991, with all operators licences having been renewed between 1999 and 2002 and again from 2014 without a further contest. However, due to amalgamation of several of companies since the creation of ITV Network Limited. Approved by Ofcom, this results in ITV plc commissioning and funding the network schedule, all licensees have the right to opt out of network programming, however many do not due to pressures from the parent company or because of limited resources. The network also needs to produce accessible output containing subtitles, signing, in exchange for this programming, the ITV network is available on all platforms free to air and can be found at the top of the EPG of all providers. Since the launch of the platform in 1998, all of the ITV licensees have received gifted capacity on the terrestrial television platform. At present, the companies are able to broadcast additional channels and all choose to broadcast the ITV plc owned ITV2, ITV3, ITV4 and CITV in their region. UTV and STV previously broadcast their own services – UTV2 in Northern Ireland and S2 in central and northern Scotland – until 2002, the broadcasters all make use of the Digital 3&4 multiplex, shared with Channel 4
13.
Superintendent (police)
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Superintendent, often shortened to super, is a rank in British police services and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations. In many Commonwealth countries, the version is superintendent of police. The rank is used in most British Overseas Territories and in many former British Colonies. In some countries, such as Italy, the rank of Superintendent is a low rank, in Australia, the rank of superintendent is the next senior rank from chief Inspector and is less senior than a chief superintendent or an assistant commissioner. Some officers also hold the rank of chief superintendent and detective superintendent. Superintendents wear an epaulette bearing one pip below a crown, the rank badge as a lieutenant-colonel. In Canada, the rank of superintendent is usually the senior rank up from inspector. Some police forces also have the rank of staff superintendent or regional superintendent. Superintendents of Police are officers of the elite Indian Police Service and their rank badge is the state emblem above one star, although those selected for higher rank or with fifteen or more years service wear the state emblem above two stars. In the Republic of Ireland the rank of superintendent is between inspector and chief superintendent, there are usually two or three assigned to each division. There were 178 superintendents in the Garda Síochána at the beginning of 2006, in the Irish language, a Garda superintendent is a ceannfort, which translates literally as headman. Ard-Cheannfort is a superintendent or high headman. Ceannfort is also used for the rank of commandant, equivalent to major. Each police district is commanded by a superintendent, districts are sub-units of divisions, which are commanded by chief superintendents. In the Italian State Police, the ranks of superintendent are medium non-commissioned officers ranks, senior to Agents and Assistants, in official comparisons, they are equal to Sergeants. Superintendent general and superintendent are, respectively, the ranks of the commander, the rank of superintendent is senior to the rank of intendent. The number of stars in the insignia of superintendent general and superintendent are, respectively, four, the rank insignia of superintendent general and superintendent are also distinguished in being in red epaulets instead of the dark blue of the other ranks. In New Zealand, the rank of superintendent is above inspector, superintendents are typically appointed as district commanders, and the rank is also held by the commandant of the Royal New Zealand Police College
14.
Ben Daniels
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Ben Daniels is an English actor. E. N. Theatre Awards for Martin Yesterday, and won the 2001 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the Arthur Miller play All My Sons. In 2008, Daniels made his Broadway début in a revival of Les Liaisons Dangereuses, Daniels has also appeared on popular television series including Cutting It, The Virgin Queen, Law & Order, UK, The Paradise, House of Cards, and The Exorcist. Daniels was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire and his father was an engineer at Rolls-Royce and later a grocer, while his mother owned a childrens clothes shop. He has recalled, I was quite a shy child, I was very sneaky and underhanded. Daniels was educated at Manor Park School, a comprehensive school in Nuneaton, near Coventry. A fellow student recalled that Daniels, whom he knew as Dave, was serious about his work. You got the sense his mind was working, the cogs were ticking over, Daniels subsequently trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art for three years. One of Daniels earliest roles was as Justin Hayward, the singer of the Moody Blues. In 1992, he made an appearance in the plane crash episode Cascade of the television show Casualty. The latter role was notable for an unexpected same-sex kiss between Daniels character and another person, in 2008 he appeared in Lark Rise to Candleford, a BBC production based on three semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside written by Flora Thompson. In addition, he has made guest appearances in a number of British TV drama series, including Soldier Soldier, A Touch of Frost, Outside Edge, Daniels may be most recognisable to American audiences for appearing in the 1996 gay film Beautiful Thing. Daniels portrayed Tony, boyfriend of Sandra, the protagonist Jamies mother, in an independent film directed by Lavinia Currier titled Passion in the Desert, Daniels played a French soldier named Augustin Robert. The film was nominated for a Golden Seashell award, other feature films that Daniels has starred in are The Bridge, I Want You, Madeline, and Doom. He was offered roles in the 2000 releases The Patriot and Vertical Limit, but turned them down and stated that the money was good, Daniels had a brief appearance as a rebel pilot in the Star Wars film Rogue One, A Star Wars Story. Daniels has said that he loves acting on stage because its tough and he appeared in Alls Well That Ends Well and As You Like It, and played Mercutio in a 1994 TV adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. Other theatre credits include Waiting for Godot and 900 Oneonta, which earned him a nomination for Best Actor at the Evening Standard Awards, in 2006, Daniels appeared in Thérèse Raquin as Laurent, for which a reviewer labelled his performance riveting. He was first nominated for the latter award earlier in his career, in 1991, in 2008, Daniels fulfilled a lifetime ambition when he made his Broadway début, headlining as the Vicomte de Valmont in a revival of Les Liaisons Dangereuses
15.
Damian Lewis
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Damian Watcyn Lewis, OBE is an English actor and producer. His performance as Henry VIII in Wolf Hall earned him his third Primetime Emmy nomination, Lewis was born in St Johns Wood, London, the elder son of Charlotte Mary and John Watcyn Lewis, a City insurance broker with Lloyds. His maternal grandfather was Lord Mayor of London Sir Ian Bowater and his maternal grandmothers ancestors include Lord Dawson of Penn and he has stated that he went to English boarding schools and grew up around people very much like Soames and in a milieu very much like the Forsytes. As a child, Lewis made several visits to the U. S. to visit relatives during his summers and he first decided to become an actor at age 16. He was educated at the independent Ashdown House School in Forest Row, East Sussex and he graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1993, after which he served as a stage actor for the Royal Shakespeare Company. During his time with the RSC, he played Borgheim in Adrian Nobles production of Henrik Ibsens Little Eyolf and he also starred in another of Ibsens plays, as Karsten Bernick in Pillars of the Community at the National Theatre in November 2005. Lewis once worked as a telemarketer selling car alarms, a job he detested and he appeared in Robinson Crusoe as Patrick Conner. He appeared in Jonathan Kents production of Hamlet, playing Laertes and this production was seen by Steven Spielberg, who later cast Lewis as Richard Winters in Band of Brothers, the first role of several that required him to have a credible American accent. Subsequently, Lewis portrayed Soames Forsyte in the ITV series The Forsyte Saga and he returned to the US to star in Dreamcatcher, a Stephen King film about a man who becomes possessed by an evil alien. The character is American but when possessed he takes on a British accent, on the heels of this role, he starred in Keane as a Manhattanite with a fragile mental state who is searching for his missing daughter. Despite the films poor performance, the role won Lewis rave reviews. He played Jeffrey Archer in the TV special Jeffrey Archer, The Truth, since 2004, he has appeared in a number of films, as well as the 2005 BBC TV adaptation of Shakespeares comedy Much Ado About Nothing, as part of the ShakespeaRe-Told season. Lewis played the role of Yassen Gregorovich in the film Stormbreaker, in 2006, he appeared in Stephen Poliakoffs BBC drama Friends and Crocodiles. He has appeared on BBCs Have I Got News for You as guest host several times, in 2008, Lewis starred as the main character Charlie Crews in the US television series Life on NBC. The show premiered in the U. S. on 26 September 2007 and was affected by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, only half of the first seasons shows were produced. Regardless, the show won a 2008 AFI Award for best television series, Lewis appeared, the following year, in the lead role in The Baker, a film directed by his brother, Gareth. Damian took a role of Rizza in The Escapist, which he also helped produce. He led the cast in Martin Crimps version of Molières comedy, The Misanthrope, other cast members included Tara Fitzgerald, Keira Knightley and Dominic Rowan
16.
Reading, Berkshire
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Reading is a large, historically important town in Berkshire, England, of which it is the county town. The 19th century saw the coming of the Great Western Railway, Today Reading is a major commercial centre, with involvement in information technology and insurance, and, despite its proximity to London, has a net inward commuter flow. The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century, by 1525, Reading was the largest town in Berkshire, and tax returns show that Reading was the 10th largest town in England when measured by taxable wealth. By 1611, it had a population of over 5000 and had grown rich on its trade in cloth, the 18th century saw the beginning of a major iron works in the town and the growth of the brewing trade for which Reading was to become famous. During the 19th century, the town rapidly as a manufacturing centre. It is ranked the UKs top economic area for economic success and wellbeing, according to such as employment, health, income. Reading is also a regional retail centre serving a large area of the Thames Valley. Every year it hosts the Reading Festival, one of Englands biggest music festivals, sporting teams based in Reading include Reading Football Club and the London Irish rugby union team, and over 15,000 runners annually compete in the Reading Half Marathon. In 2015, Reading had an population of 232,662. The town is represented in Parliament by two members, and has been continuously represented there since 1295, for ceremonial purposes the town is in the county of Berkshire and has served as its county town since 1867, previously sharing this status with Abingdon-on-Thames. It is in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway. Reading is 75 miles east of Bristol,25 miles south of Oxford,42 miles west of London,17 miles north of Basingstoke,13 miles south-west of Maidenhead and 20 miles east of Newbury. Reading may date back to the Roman occupation of Britain, possibly as a port for Calleva Atrebatum. However the first clear evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century, the name probably comes from the Readingas, an Anglo-Saxon tribe whose name means Readas People in Old English, or less probably the Celtic Rhydd-Inge, meaning Ford over the River. In late 870, an army of Danes invaded the kingdom of Wessex, on 4 January 871, in the first Battle of Reading, King Ethelred and his brother Alfred the Great attempted unsuccessfully to breach the Danes defences. The battle is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and that account provides the earliest known record of the existence of Reading. The Danes remained in Reading until late in 871, when they retreated to their quarters in London. After the Battle of Hastings and the Norman conquest of England, William the Conqueror gave land in, in its 1086 Domesday Book listing, the town was explicitly described as a borough
17.
Oxford
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Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With an estimated 2015 population of 168,270, it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, the city is situated 57 miles from London,69 miles from Bristol,65 miles from both Southampton and Birmingham and 25 miles from Reading. The city is known worldwide as the home of the University of Oxford, buildings in Oxford demonstrate notable examples of every English architectural period since the late Saxon period. Oxford is known as the city of dreaming spires, a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold, Oxford has a broad economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a number of information technology and science-based businesses. Oxford was first settled in Saxon times and was known as Oxenaforda, meaning Ford of the Oxen. It began with the establishment of a crossing for oxen around AD900. In the 10th century, Oxford became an important military frontier town between the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex and was on several occasions raided by Danes, Oxford was heavily damaged during the Norman Invasion of 1066. Following the conquest, the town was assigned to a governor, Robert DOyly, the castle has never been used for military purposes and its remains survive to this day. DOyly set up a community in the castle consisting of a chapel. The community never grew large but it earned its place in history as one of Britains oldest places of formal education and it was there that in 1139 Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote his History of the Kings of Britain, a compilation of Arthurian legends. Mary at Oseney and to the canons serving God in that place and we have made this concession and confirmation in the Common council of the City and we have confirmed it with our common seal. These are those who have made this concession and confirmation, a grandson of King John established Rewley Abbey for the Cistercian Order, and friars of various orders all had houses of varying importance at Oxford. Parliaments were often held in the city during the 13th century, the Provisions of Oxford were instigated by a group of barons led by Simon de Montfort, these documents are often regarded as Englands first written constitution. Richard I of England and John, King of England the sons of Henry II of England, were born at Beaumont Palace in Oxford, on 8 September 1157 and 24 December 1166 respectively. A plaque in Beaumont Street commemorates these events, the University of Oxford is first mentioned in 12th century records. Of the hundreds of Aularian houses that sprang up across the city, what put an end to the halls was the emergence of colleges. Oxfords earliest colleges were University College, Balliol and Merton and these colleges were established at a time when Europeans were starting to translate the writings of Greek philosophers
18.
Swindon
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Swindon is a large town in Wiltshire, South West England, midway between Bristol,35 miles to the west and Reading,35 miles to the east. London is 78 miles to the east, and Cardiff is 78 miles to the west, at the 2011 census, it had a population of 185,609. Swindon became an Expanded Town under the Town Development Act 1952, Swindon railway station is on the line from London Paddington to Bristol. Swindon Borough Council is an authority, independent of Wiltshire Council since 1997. Residents of Swindon are known as Swindonians, the town and wider borough also has the headquarters of the Nationwide Building Society and a Honda car manufacturing plant. The original Anglo-Saxon settlement of Swindon sat in a position atop a limestone hill. It is referred to in the Domesday Book as Suindune, believed to be derived from the Old English words swine and dun meaning pig hill or possibly Sweyns hill, Swindon was a small market town, mainly for barter trade, until roughly 1848. This original market area is on top of the hill in central Swindon, the Industrial Revolution was responsible for an acceleration of Swindons growth. It started with the construction of the Wilts and Berks Canal in 1810, the canals brought trade to the area and Swindons population started to grow. Between 1841 and 1842, Isambard Kingdom Brunels Swindon Works was built for the repair, the GWR built a small railway village to house some of its workers. The Steam Railway Museum and English Heritage, including the English Heritage Archive, in 1878 the fund began providing artificial limbs made by craftsmen from the carriage and wagon works, and nine years later opened its first dental surgery. In his first few months in post the dentist extracted more than 2000 teeth, from the opening in 1892 of the Health Centre, a doctor could also prescribe a haircut or even a bath. The cradle-to-grave extent of service was later used as a blueprint for the NHS. The Mechanics Institute, formed in 1844, moved into a building looking rather like a church and included a covered market, on 1 May 1855. The New Swindon Improvement Company, a co-operative, raised the funds for this path self-improvement and it was a groundbreaking organisation that transformed the railways workforce into some of the countrys best-educated manual workers. It had the UKs first lending library, and a range of improving lectures, access to a theatre, the Institute also nurtured pioneering trades unionists and encouraged local democracy. During the second half of the 19th century, Swindon New Town grew around the line between London and Bristol. In 1900, the market town, Old Swindon, merged with its new neighbour at the bottom of the hill to become a single town
19.
M4 motorway
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The M4 is a motorway which runs between London and South Wales in the United Kingdom. Major towns and cities along the route include Slough, Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff, a new Severn bridge, known as the Second Severn Crossing, was opened in 1996 with the M4 rerouted to use it. The M4 runs close to the A4 from London to Bristol, after crossing the River Severn it follows the A48 through South Wales, using the Brynglas Tunnels at Junction 25a, Newport and terminates just north of Pontarddulais. It is one of three motorways in Wales, the other two, the A48 and M48, branch off it. The area of land along the M4, with its towns, european route E30 includes most of the M4, although it is not signed as such. The Maidenhead bypass opened in 1961 whilst J1-J5 opened in 1965, the stretch from J18 to the west of Newport was opened in 1966, including the Severn Bridge. The Port Talbot by-pass, also built in the 1960s and now part of the M4, was originally the A48 motorway, the English section of the motorway was completed on 22 December 1971 when the 50-mile stretch between Junctions 9 and 15 was opened to traffic. The Welsh section was completed in 1993, when the Briton Ferry motorway bridge opened, the Second Severn Crossing opened in 1996, together with new link motorways on either side of the estuary to divert the M4 over the new crossing. The existing route over the Severn Bridge was redesignated the M48, in June 1999 the section of the third lane between Junctions 2 and 3 was converted to a bus lane, first as a pilot scheme and then permanently in 2001. A lower speed limit was introduced along the bus lane section at the same time, between 2007 and January 2010 the section from Castleton to Coryton was widened to six lanes. The scheme was opened on 25 January 2010 by Ieuan Wyn Jones the Deputy First Minister for Wales. During 2009 the Newport section of the motorway between Junctions 23a and 29 was upgraded with a new concrete central barrier. A similar claim was made for a 30-mile section of road in Scotland close to Aberdeen in September 2009 with refuelling points at Bridge of Don, Ellon and Peterhead. Between 2008 and 2010, Junction 11, near Reading, was remodelled with a new four-lane motorway junction. It also involved the movement of the local Highways Agency and Fire Service offices, and the construction of a footbridge network, a new bus-lane. Sound barriers for nearby areas were also installed. In April 2008, the decision to preserve a rare Vickers machine gun pillbox, the table below shows the timeline for the construction of the motorway on a section by section basis. Tolls are charged in one only, westbound
20.
A417 road
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The A417 is a main road in England running from Streatley, Berkshire to Hope under Dinmore, Herefordshire. It is best known for its section between Cirencester and Gloucester where it has primary status and forms part of the link between the settlements of Swindon and Gloucester. When the A417 was first designated in 1922, it ran only from Streatley to Cirencester, in 1935 it was extended to Gloucester, on the former route of the A419, and on to Ledbury and Hope under Dinmore. There have been numerous upgrades and bypasses, particularly on the primary section, at Faringdon, its traditional route over Folly Hill and down through the market place has been blocked by the more recent development of the A420 and has been diverted to the south. The Birdlip bypass, opened in 1988, avoided a steep gradient as the road descended the Cotswold Edge escarpment to Brockworth. It runs from Streatley at its junction with the A329 to Wantage, in Wantage, it negotiates the market place (around King Alfreds statue and thence to Faringdon, via Stanford in the Vale. It leads on to Lechlade, where it crosses the River Thames and it then runs past the Cotswold Water Park, through Fairford to Cirencester and thence to Gloucester. From the start of the Cirencester bypass to Gloucester, the A417 forms part of a major new route connecting the M4 with the M5 at Gloucester. At the A429 roundabout on the older Cirencester bypass, the A417 follows the A429 north for 0.5 miles, the 6-mile Cirencester & Stratton Bypass opened on 9 December 1997. This route carries traffic between the ports of the south coast and the industrial Midlands, the 4-mile dual-carriageway North of Stratton to Nettleton Improvement opened on 16 January 1998. The roundabout at the end of this often has congestion during peak hours. The 2-mile £2. 4m single-carriageway Birdlip bypass opened in December 1988 and this point, before the Air Balloon roundabout, has a grand vista of the Severn Valley. After the roundabout and the Air Balloon pub, the road turns sharply and this is a bottleneck at peak times, and there are plans for a dual-carriageway section here. These plans were listed within a roads expansion programme pledged during the governments 2014 Autumn Statement for delivery during the coming 5-8 years, a very rough googlemap of the 3 options proposed can be found here. The 3-mile £36m Brockworth Bypass opened in December 1995, and included the new junction 11a of the M5, the A417 then passes through the twin villages of Corse and Staunton. It crosses the M50 Ross Spur motorway at junction 2, then meets the Ledbury bypass, where the road widens out. Between Gloucester and Ledbury there are changes of speed limit. From Ledbury, it goes west, overlapping the A438, then at a set of lights known as the Trumpet Crossroad
21.
Leeds
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Leeds /liːdz/ is a city in West Yorkshire, England. Historically in Yorkshires West Riding, the history of Leeds can be traced to the 5th century when the name referred to an area of the Kingdom of Elmet. The name has applied to many administrative entities over the centuries. It changed from being the appellation of a small borough in the 13th century, through several incarnations. In the 17th and 18th centuries Leeds became a centre for the production. During the Industrial Revolution, Leeds developed into a mill town, wool was the dominant industry but flax, engineering, iron foundries, printing. From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century. The city has the third largest jobs total by local authority area with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015. Leeds is also ranked as a world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Leeds is served by four universities, and has the fourth largest student population in the country and has the fourth largest urban economy. After London, Leeds is the largest legal and financial centre in the UK, with over 30 national and international banks located in the city. Leeds is also the UKs third largest manufacturing centre with around 1,800 firms and 39,000 employees, the largest sub-sectors are engineering, printing and publishing, food and drink, chemicals and medical technology. Outside of London, Leeds has the third busiest railway station, Public transport, rail and road communications networks in the region are focused on Leeds and there are a number of twinning arrangements with towns and cities in other countries. The name Leeds derives from the old Brythonic word Ladenses meaning people of the fast-flowing river and this name originally referred to the forested area covering most of the Brythonic kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the 5th century into the early 7th century. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, a word of uncertain origin, the term Leodensian is also used, from the citys Latin name. Leeds developed as a town in the Middle Ages as part of the local agricultural economy. Before the Industrial Revolution it became a centre for the manufacture of woollen cloth. Leeds handled one sixth of Englands export trade in 1770, growth, initially in textiles, was accelerated by the building of the Aire and Calder Navigation in 1699 and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816
22.
West Yorkshire
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West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million, West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. West Yorkshire consists of five boroughs and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, North Yorkshire. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport, West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 so its five districts became effectively unitary authorities. However, the county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres, continues to exist in law. West Yorkshire includes the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up, West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council inherited the use of West Riding County Hall at Wakefield, opened in 1898, from the West Riding County Council in 1974. Since 1987 it has been the headquarters of Wakefield City Council, the county initially had a two-tier structure of local government with a strategic-level county council and five districts providing most services. In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished, the functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs, joint-boards covering fire, police and public transport, and to other special joint arrangements. Organisations such as the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive continue to operate on this basis, although the county council was abolished, West Yorkshire continues to form a metropolitan and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire and a High Sheriff. Wakefields Parish Church was raised to cathedral status in 1888 and after the elevation of Wakefield to diocese, Wakefield Council immediately sought city status and this was granted in July 1888. However the industrial revolution, which changed West and South Yorkshire significantly, led to the growth of Leeds and Bradford, Leeds was granted city status in 1893 and Bradford in 1897. The name of Leeds Town Hall reflects the fact that at its opening in 1858 Leeds was not yet a city, the county borders, going anticlockwise from the west, Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. It lies almost entirely on rocks of carboniferous age which form the southern Pennine fringes in the west, in the extreme east of the metropolitan county there are younger deposits of magnesian limestone. The Bradford and Calderdale areas are dominated by the scenery of the slopes of the Pennines, dropping from upland in the west down to the east. There is a conjunction of large scale industry, urban areas. The dense network of roads, canals and railways and urban development, the carboniferous rocks of the Yorkshire coalfield further east have produced a rolling landscape with hills, escarpments and broad valleys. In this landscape there is evidence of both current and former industrial activity. There are numerous derelict or converted mine buildings and recently landscaped former spoil heaps, the scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction, and farmed open country
23.
Wakefield
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Wakefield is a city in West Yorkshire, England, on the River Calder and the eastern edge of the Pennines, which had a population of 77,512 at the 2011 Census. Wakefield was dubbed the Merrie City in the Middle Ages and in 1538 John Leland described it as, so that all vitaile is very good and chepe there. A right honest man shall fare well for 2d, there be plenti of se coal in the quarters about Wakefield. The Battle of Wakefield took place in the Wars of the Roses, Wakefield became an important market town and centre for wool, exploiting its position on the navigable River Calder to become an inland port. In the 18th century, Wakefield traded in corn, coal mining and textiles, in the Domesday Book of 1086, it was written Wachefeld and also as Wachefelt. Flint and stone tools and later bronze and iron implements have been found at Lee Moor and this part of Yorkshire was home to the Brigantes until the Roman occupation in AD43. Wakefield was probably settled by the Angles in the 5th or 6th century and they divided the area into wapentakes and Wakefield was part of the Wapentake of Agbrigg. The settlement grew near a place on the River Calder around three roads, Westgate, Northgate and Kirkgate. The gate suffix derives from Old Norse gata meaning road and kirk, before 1066 the manor of Wakefield belonged to Edward the Confessor and it passed to William the Conqueror after the Battle of Hastings. After the Conquest Wakefield was a victim of the Harrying of the North in 1069 when William the Conqueror took revenge on the population for resistance to Norman rule. The settlement was recorded as Wachfeld in the Domesday Book of 1086, the manor was granted by the crown to William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey whose descendants, the Earls Warenne, inherited it after his death in 1088. The construction of Sandal Castle began early in the 12th century, a second castle was built at Lawe Hill on the north side of the Calder but was abandoned. Wakefield and its environs formed the caput of an extensive baronial holding by the Warennes that extended to Cheshire and Lancashire, the Warennes, and their feudal sublords, held the area until the 14th century, when it passed to their heirs. Norman tenants holding land in the region included the Lyvet family at Lupset, the Domesday Book recorded two churches, one in Wakefield and one in Sandal Magna. The Saxon church in Wakefield was rebuilt in about 1100 in stone in the Norman style and was enlarged until 1315 when the central tower collapsed. By 1420 the church was rebuilt and was extended between 1458 and 1475. In 1203 William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey received a grant for a market in the town. In 1204 King John granted the rights for a fair at the feast of All Saints,1 November, the market was close to the Bull Ring and the church
24.
Pontefract
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Pontefract is a historic market town in West Yorkshire, England, near the A1 and the M62 motorway. Pontefracts motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for After the death of the father, support the son, at the end of the 11th century, the modern township of Pontefract consisted of two distinct and separate localities known as Tanshelf and Kirkby. Such a crossing point would have been important in the early days. Historians believe that, in all probability, it is this event which gives the township of Pontefract its modern name. The name Pontefract originates from the Latin for broken bridge, formed of the elements pons, Pontefract was not recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book, but it was noted as Pontefracto in 1090, four years after the Domesday survey. In 2007 a suspected extension of Ferrybridge Henge – a Neolithic henge – was discovered near Pontefract during a survey in preparation for the construction of a row of houses, once the survey was complete, the construction continued. The modern town is situated on an old Roman road, described as the Roman Ridge, the period of Yorkshires history between the demise of the Viking king Eric Bloodaxe in 954 and the arrival of the Normans in 1068 is known as the Anglo-Scandinavian age. The modern township of Pontefract consisted of two Anglo-Scandinavian settlements, known as Tanshelf and Kirkby, in Yorkshire, place-name locations often contain the distinctive Danish -by i. e. Kirkby. And even today, the streets in Pontefract are designated by the Danish word gate e. g. Bailygate. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle makes its first reference to Tanshelf in the year 947 when King Eadred of England met with the council of Northumbria to accept its submission. King Eadred did not enjoy Northumbrias support for long, and a year later the kingdom voted Eric Bloodaxe King of York, when the Doomsday Book was commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086 Tanshelf was still a sizeable settlement for the period. The town had a priest,60 petty burgesses,16 cottagers,16 villagers and 8 smallholders, Tanshelf also had a church, a fishery and three mills. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of the church on The Booths in Pontefract, off North Baileygate, the oldest grave dates from around 690. The church is likely to be at Tanshelf and may have similar to the church at Ledsham. The area which is now the market place was the original meeting place of the Osgoldcross wapentake. In the Anglo-Saxon period a part of the township of Pontefract was known by the Anglo-Scandinavian name of Kirkby. Pontefract Castle began as a motte and bailey castle, built before 1086. The de Lacys lived in the castle for more than two centuries and were holders of the castle and the Honour of Pontefract from 1067 until the death of Alice de Lacy in 1348, King Richard II was murdered at the castle in 1400
25.
Castleford
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Castleford is the largest of the five towns in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, near the M62 motorway. Castleford has a population of 40,210, the wards in the 2011 and 2001 censuses. It is historically part of the Osgoldcross Wapentake in West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation canal. The town is the site of a Roman settlement, within the historical Castleford Borough lies the suburbs of Airedale, Cutsyke, Ferry Fryston, Fryston, Glasshoughton, Half Acres, Hightown, Lock Lane, Wheldale and Whitwood. Castleford is home to the rugby league Super League team Castleford Tigers, castleford’s history dates back to Roman times, archaeological evidence points to modern day Castleford being built upon a Roman army settlement which was called Lagentium. Roman funeral urns have been found in modern-day Castleford, giving evidence to this theory. A Roman milestone was unearthed in Beancroft Road, now believed to be in Leeds City Museum, queen’s Park in Castleford provides evidence of round houses used by the Anglo Saxons. This was an area due to the views of the entire settlement. The history of the area includes Oliver Cromwell’s encampment in nearby Knottingley, in the 19th century, Castleford became a boomtown with the population growing from 1,000 to 14,000 as collieries opened around the town, however, these collieries closed in the 20th century. Ferrybridge Power Station and Kellingley Colliery have also closed and used to employ Castleford residents, the newer warehouses and distribution centres in Glasshoughton have brought in many new jobs to the area. In 2008 Grand Designs presenter Kevin McCloud and Channel 4 led a community regeneration scheme to redevelop Castleford, Burberry, the retailer and designer label, has a factory in the town which is due to close when a new facility is built in Leeds. The new plant will be a combination of the Castleford and Cross Hills plants, a large Nestlé factory, which produced Toffee Crisp and After Eights for 40 years, closed in 2012 and demolition starting in 2014 to make way for housing. Castleford has previously been home to Dunsford and Wesley Textiles, which at peak business times had three factories in Castleford which have all ceased production. According to the 2011 Census Castleford has a population of 39,192, Castleford was established as an urban district, in the administrative county of the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894, with an urban district council. Whitwood and Glasshoughton were added to the district in the 1930s, the urban district was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1955. Following the Local Government Act 1972, the borough was abolished on 1 April 1974, it then became an unparished area of the City of Wakefield. Castleford is now controlled by Wakefield Council, Three electoral wards cover the town, Airedale and Ferry Fryston, Altofts and Whitwood, and Castleford Central and Glasshoughton. Castleford is a major Labour stronghold, in recent years Castleford has seen economic growth through its retail and distribution centres
26.
Russell Hunter
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Russell Hunter was a popular Scottish television, stage and film actor. He is perhaps best known as the character Lonely in the TV thriller series Callan, starring Edward Woodward, Born Adam Russell Hunter in Glasgow, Hunters childhood was spent with his maternal grandparents in Lanarkshire, until returning to his unemployed father and cleaner mother when he was 12. He went from school to an apprenticeship in a Clydebank shipyard, during this time, he did some amateur acting for the Young Communist League before turning professional in 1946. Hunter worked in theatre and Scottish variety before making his film debut in Lilli Marlene. A busy actor, he joined Peter Halls Royal Shakespeare Company, working with Peggy Ashcroft and his most memorable role was the timid, smelly petty criminal, Lonely, unlikely accomplice to a clinical spy-cum-assassin, in the downbeat 1967 television spy series Callan. Reportedly, he said of his identification with Lonely that I take more baths than I might have playing other parts, when Lonely was in the public eye I used only the very best toilet water and a hell of a lot of aftershave. The title plays on wet job the euphemism for murder or assassination, in 1975 he played a Scottish painter in the BBCs adaptation of the Lord Peter Wimsey story The Five Red Herrings. In 1979, at the artists request, he opened the Edinburgh Festival Exhibition of the Glasgow artist Stewart Bowman Johnson held at the Netherbow Gallery. Hunters other TV credits include The Sweeney, Ace of Wands, Doctor Who, Robots of Death, Farrington of the F. O. The Bill, A Touch of Frost, Taggart, sitcoms Rule Britannia as the Scotsman Jock McGregor and shop steward in The Gaffer, in his last years he reprised his Doctor Who role for a series of audio plays released on CD, Kaldor City. He also appeared in an episode of Mind Your Language and he also appeared in the TV sitcom Lovejoy as a Scottish submariner in the episode Angel Trousers. He also appeared as different characters in the pilot and series of the BBC sitcom Rab C, in 1949, Hunter married Marjorie Thomson and had two daughters. In 1970, he married actress Caroline Blakiston after they appeared in A Midsummer Nights Dream at the Open Air Theatre, Regents Park. They had a son and a daughter and his third marriage, in 1991, was to fellow performer Una McLean. Despite being ill, Hunter received positive reviews for his appearances in the feature film American Cousins late in 2003 and as a priest in the film Skagerrak. In November, American Cousins, Hunters last movie role, received the Special Jury Prize at the Savannah Film Festival in the United States, Russell Hunter died aged 79 at Edinburghs Western General Hospital of lung cancer. Taste the Blood of Dracula Up Pompeii Callan The Masks of Death American Cousins Russell Hunter at the Internet Movie Database
