1.
Texas Tech University
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Texas Tech University, often referred to as Texas Tech, Tech, or TTU, is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas. Established on February 10,1923, and originally known as Texas Technological College, the universitys student enrollment is the sixth-largest in Texas as of the Fall 2014 semester. The university shares its campus with Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, making it the campus in Texas to house an undergraduate university, law school. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers, Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000 degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Texas Tech as having highest research activity, Research projects in the areas of epidemiology, pulsed power, grid computing, nanophotonics, atmospheric sciences, and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university. The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference, the Red Raiders football team has made 36 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university. The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, bob Knight has coached the second most wins in mens NCAA Division I basketball history and served as the teams head coach from 2001 to 2008. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament, in 1999, Texas Techs Goin Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy, which is awarded to recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence. Though the majority of the students are from the southwestern United States. Texas Tech University alumni and former students have gone on to prominent careers in government, business, science, medicine, education, sports, the call to open a college in West Texas began shortly after settlers arrived in the area in the 1880s. In 1917, the Texas legislature passed a bill creating a branch of Texas A&M to be in Abilene, however, the bill was repealed two years later during the next session after it was discovered Governor James E. Ferguson had falsely reported the site committees choice of location. After new legislation passed in the house and senate in 1921, Governor Pat Neff vetoed it. Furious about Neffs veto, some in West Texas went so far as to recommend West Texas secede from the state, on February 10,1923, Neff signed the legislation creating Texas Technological College, and in July of that year, a committee began searching for a site. When the committees members visited Lubbock, they were overwhelmed to find residents lining the streets to support for hosting the institution. That August, Lubbock was chosen on the first ballot over other towns, including Floydada, Plainview, Big Spring. Construction of the campus began on November 1,1924. Ten days later, the cornerstone of the Administration Building was laid in front of 20,000 people, chitwood served in the position only fifteen months, he died in November 1926. With an enrollment of 914 students—both men and women—Texas Technological College opened for classes on October 1,1925 and it was originally composed of four schools—Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, and Liberal Arts
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Maughan Library
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The Maughan Library is the main university research library of Kings College London, forming part of the Strand Campus. Following a £35m renovation the Maughan is the largest new university library in the United Kingdom since World War II, designed by Sir James Pennethorne and constructed in 1851, with further extensions made between 1868 and 1900, it is a Grade II* listed building. Inside the library is a reading room, inspired by that of the British Museum. The library was named in honour of Sir Deryck Maughan, an alumnus of the university, the library building seen today was built in 1851, however, its roots date back to the 13th century. The Maughan occupies the site of the Domus Conversorum, later known as the Chapel of the Master of the Rolls. The House of the Converts was established by Henry III in 1232 to provide a residence and chapel for Jews who had converted to Christianity, in 1278, in a letter given to the king by John the Convert, the Converts referred to themselves as Pauperes Cœlicolæ Christi. In 1377, Edward III broke up the Jewish almshouse, consequently annexing the House as well as the Chapel to the newly instituted office of Custos Rotulorum, the office is used to store the rolls and records of the Court of Chancery. The chapel was rebuilt in 1617 by Inigo Jones at a cost of £2,000, of particular interest is that of Dr John Yonge, Master of the Rolls during the time of Henry VIII, who was entombed in the earlier Chapel. The monument was sculpted by Pietro Torrigiano, known as Michaelangelos contemporary, the Masters effigy, clad in red gown and wearing a square cap, with hands crossed. Another monument is that of Edward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss and he lies, wearing a long-furred robe, before his effigy kneels a man in armour. The chapel was rebuilt in 1734 and altered in 1784. The records were moved in 1856 and the chapel was demolished in 1895, the only remains of the chapel is an arch mounted on the garden elevation of the Chancery lane wing, three funerary monuments, stained glass panels and a mosaic floor. Rolls House was the residence of the Master of the Rolls and remained in the possession of the office until 1837. In 1838 the Public Record Office Act was passed to keep safely the public records, construction of the earliest part of the building seen today, the central wing, began in 1851. As a repository, it is claimed to be the first purpose-built fireproof building in England, in order to minimise the risk of fire the storerooms were designed as compartmentalised closed cells and the building had no heating. One of the cells which stored documents remains in its condition, including its bookcases. Two search rooms were added in 1863 and a tower was built in 1865. In 1869-71 the building was extended along Fetter Lane, and in the 1890s two more wings designed by Sir John Taylor were added, at this time the medieval walls of the chapel were found to be unsound and had to be rebuilt
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King's College London
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Kings College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. Kings was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington, in 1836, Kings became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. It is a member of organisations such as the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association. Kings has five campuses, its main campus on the Strand in central London. In 2015/16, Kings had an income of £738.4 million, of which £193.2 million was from research grants and contracts and as of 2014/15. It has the fifth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and its academic activities are organised into nine faculties which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres and research divisions. Kings is home to six Medical Research Council centres and is a member of the Kings Health Partners academic health sciences centre, Francis Crick Institute. Kings College London, so named to indicate the patronage of King George IV, was founded in 1829 in response to the controversy surrounding the founding of London University in 1826. The need for such an institution was a result of the religious and social nature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which then educated solely the sons of wealthy Anglicans. The secular nature of London University was disapproved by The Establishment, indeed, thus, the creation of a rival institution represented a Tory response to reassert the educational values of The Establishment. Winchilsea and about 150 other contributors withdrew their support of Kings College London in response to Wellingtons support of Catholic emancipation. In a letter to Wellington he accused the Duke to have in mind insidious designs for the infringement of our liberty, the letter provoked a furious exchange of correspondence and Wellington accused Winchilsea of imputing him with disgraceful and criminal motives in setting up Kings College London. The result was a duel in Battersea Fields on 21 March 1829, Winchilsea did not fire, a plan he and his second almost certainly decided upon before the duel, Wellington took aim and fired wide to the right. Accounts differ as to whether Wellington missed on purpose, Wellington, noted for his poor aim, claimed he did, other reports more sympathetic to Winchilsea claimed he had aimed to kill. Honour was saved and Winchilsea wrote Wellington an apology, duel Day is still celebrated on the first Thursday after 21 March every year, marked by various events throughout Kings, including reenactments. Kings opened in October 1831 with the cleric William Otter appointed as first principal, despite the attempts to make Kings Anglican-only, the initial prospectus permitted, nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely. William Howley, the governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not, though attendance at chapel was compulsory. Kings was divided into a department and a junior department, also known as Kings College School
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Sofia University
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The University of Sofia or simply Sofia University is the oldest higher education institution in Bulgaria, founded on 1 October,1888. The university has 16 faculties and three departments, where over 21,000 students receive their education, the current rector is Anastas Gerdzhikov. The university was founded on 1 October 1888,10 years after the Liberation of Bulgaria, initially, it had 4 regular and 3 additional lecturers and 49 students. It was founded as a pedagogical course, it became a higher school after a few months. The first rector was Bulgarian linguist Aleksandar Teodorov-Balan, during Sofia Universitys first years, it had three faculties, a Faculty of History and Philology, a Faculty of Mathematics and Physics and a Faculty of Law. History, geography, Slavic philology, philosophy and pedagogics, mathematics and physics, chemistry, natural sciences and law were taught. The first women,16 in number, were welcomed to the university in 1901, and 25 November, the day of St Kliment of Ohrid, became the universitys official holiday the following year. In 1907, as Prince Ferdinand opened the National Theatre, he was booed by Sofia University students, for which the university was closed for 6 months, not until a new government with Aleksandar Malinov at the head came into power in January 1908 was the crisis resolved. At the beginning of the Balkan Wars,1,379 students were recorded to attend the university, in 1922–1923, Sofia University had 111 chairs,205 lecturers and assistants and 2,388 students, of which 1,702 men and 686 women. The foundation stone of Sofia Universitys new edifice was laid on 30 June 1924, funds were secured by the brothers Evlogi Georgiev and Hristo Georgiev. The rectorate was built according to the plans of the French architect Henri Bréançon. The plans were developed by Nikola Lazarov and revised by Yordan Milanov, who directed the construction. On 27 October 1929 the first doctoral thesis, in natural science, the second one, in chemistry, followed on 1 July 1930 by Aleksandar Spasov. In 1930–1931, the university had four more doctors, after the political changes of 9 September 1944 and the emergence of the Peoples Republic of Bulgaria, radical alterations were made in the university system of the country. At that time, 1944–45,13,627 students attended the university, communist professors were introduced to the higher ranks of university authority, with others that did not share these views being removed. Specific party-related chairs were established and the university was restricted after the Soviet model, efficiency and public funding for higher education in Bulgaria
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Heidelberg University
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Heidelberg University is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386 on instruction of Pope Urban VI, Heidelberg is Germanys oldest university and it was the third university established in the Holy Roman Empire. Heidelberg has been an institution since 1899. The university consists of twelve faculties and offers programmes at undergraduate, graduate. The language of instruction is usually German, while a number of graduate degrees are offered in English. Associated with 31 Nobel Prize laureates, the university places an emphasis on research, modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology, psychiatric genetics, environmental physics, and modern sociology were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg faculty. Approximately 1,000 doctorates are completed every year, with more than one third of the students coming from abroad. International students from some 130 countries account for more than 20 percent of the student body. The universitys noted alumni include eleven domestic and foreign Heads of State or Heads of Government, the Great Schism of 1378 made it possible for Heidelberg, a relatively small city and capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate, to gain its own university. The Great Schism was initiated by the election of two popes after the death of Pope Gregory XI in the same year, one successor resided in Avignon and the other in Rome. Rupert I recognized the opportunity and initiated talks with the Curia, as specified in the papal charter, the university was modelled after University of Paris and included four faculties, philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, and medicine. On 18 October 1386 a special Pontifical High Mass in the Heiliggeistkirche was the ceremony that established the university, on 19 October 1386 the first lecture was held, making Heidelberg the oldest university in Germany. In November 1386, Marsilius of Inghen was elected first rector of the university, the rector seal motto was semper apertus—i. e. The book of learning is always open, the university grew quickly and in March 1390,185 students were enrolled at the university. This resulted in establishing a reputation for the university and its professors. Due to the influence of Marsilius, the university initially taught the nominalism or via moderna, the transition from scholastic to humanistic culture was effected by the chancellor and bishop Johann von Dalberg in the late 15th century. Humanism was represented at Heidelberg University particularly by the founder of the older German Humanistic School Rudolph Agricola, Conrad Celtes, Jakob Wimpfeling, and Johann Reuchlin. Æneas Silvius Piccolomini was chancellor of the university in his capacity of provost of Worms, in 1482, Pope Sixtus IV permitted laymen and married men to be appointed professors in the ordinary of medicine through a papal dispensation
6.
Cornell Chimes
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The Cornell Chimes is a 21-bell chime in McGraw Tower on the central campus of Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, United States. The chime originally had nine bells, donated by Jennie McGraw and they first rang at the Universitys opening ceremonies on October 7,1868, and have since marked the hours and been used for chiming concerts. The tower, long called the Library Tower, was renamed in 1961, whether the new name was intended to honor Jennie McGraw or her father, trustee John McGraw, was not specified at the time. The bells are played by a group of chimesmasters, the chimes are sometimes mistakenly called a carillon which is incorrect as a true carillon has at least 23 bells, and a different playing console. Many styles of music are played on the bells, including classical and modern pieces by a range of composers, including Beethoven, The Beatles, Franz Schubert, and Scott Joplin. Commonly played pieces include Edward Elgars Pomp and Circumstance Marches and the theme from The Muppet Show, the chimes music library contains over two-thousand specially arranged pieces and original compositions—both solos and duets. Every morning concert, since 1869, has begun with the Cornell Changes, the chimesmasters goal is to play its 549 notes as quickly as possible. The Cornell Alma Mater is played at the concert. Each spring semester potential chimesmasters, compets, undergo a rigorous ten-week competition to become a chimesmaster, the only requirement to compete is an ability to read music and the energy to climb the 161 steps to operate the playing clavier. The first stage of competition requires that compets learn the three traditional Cornell pieces, compets play a practice instrument, where the levers strike tuned bars with hammers, allowing them to learn the instrument without the whole campus listening. To advance to the round of competition, compets must demonstrate their mastery of the three songs, in addition to sight reading a piece. This audition is played on the main chimes console, but compets only press the dampers halfway and those who pass the silent audition move on to coached concerts, and then, finally, judged concerts, where compets take on the full responsibilities of a chimesmaster. The Cornell Chimes welcome visitors to all concerts, in 1873 the chimes were moved from a ground-level playing stand to McGraw Hall. In 1891, they were moved to their permanent home atop McGraw Tower, the 173-foot tower is Cornells most prominent landmark and is adjacent to Uris Library. The tower is home to an office, museum, practice room. Visitors can still see the clockworks and pendulum, but the clock was linked to the Global Positioning System in 1999, on October 8,1997, a pumpkin appeared atop the spire of McGraw Tower. How it was placed there is not publicly known, because of the danger involved in retrieving it, administrators decided to leave it until it rotted and fell off. However, the pumpkin rapidly dried out in the cold air, some people said a real pumpkin could not stay up that long without rotting and that it must be artificial
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Belgrade University Library
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It is located on King Alexander Boulevard, close to the Faculty of Law and adjacent to the Faculties of Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Architecture. Serves the educational and scientific needs of students, academics and scientists. Library Day is 24 May, the day of Sloven educators St. Cyril and Methodius. ]After the founding of the Library, the collection contained 57,254 publications consisting of monographs and serials, the collection of manuscripts, Cyrillic and oriental books are invaluable. The best schools in Serbia at the time, established in 1838, has had a library used by professors and students of the Lyceum. Its funds are made up of gifts of local and foreign donors, according to the provisions for setting up of the Lyceum, the librarian had to be one of the lyceum teachers, and its first librarian was Dr. Janko Šafarik, philologist and professor of history. Belgrade Lyceum of the Principality of Serbia is by the law of 24 September 1863 converted into the Belgrade Higher School, in the library of the school retained only professional publications, while others were handed over to the National Library. When in 1905 the Belgrade Higher School became the University library, the fund, according to scientific fields, divided by the appropriate faculty seminars. The most valuable part of the went to the library of Serbian seminars. Soon it was realized that the university required a general scientific library, part of this fund were received after establishing the University Library. Since the proposal for a decision of the Faculty of Philosophy, adopted by the University Senate, pavle Popović, and he was appointed head of the Commission for the establishment of the University Library. Shortly thereafter, in May 1921, prof, Uros Džonić was appointed trustee of the University Library, whom was temporarily given an office at the Faculty of Philosophy. On the initiative of our delegates in Washington, Dr, after World War I, Belgrade was one of three front-line cities, badly damaged in the war, which were given a Carnegie library, the other two being Reims in France and Leuven in Belgium. Belgrades university library is the only Carnegie library in Central and Eastern Europe, city of Belgrade has donated land, and the project was done by university professors, architects Dragutin Đordjević and Nikola Nestorović. So is built first and then the building in Serbia. The library in a new building was opened on St. Cyril. Professor Uros Džonić remained at the position of the Administrator to the beginning of the Second World War, in this work he was assisted by a committee whose president was prof. During World War II, under German occupation, the library did not work with the audience, through the efforts of the staff of the library, its collections are still preserved. After liberation, the trustee is set to be Milica Prodanović, to celebrate the centenary of the birth of Svetozar Marković in 1946, this institution received its present name of the University Library Svetozar Markovic
8.
Carnegie library
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A Carnegie library is a library built with money donated by Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. A total of 2,509 Carnegie libraries were built between 1883 and 1929, including some belonging to public and university library systems. At first, Carnegie libraries were almost exclusively in places where he had a connection, namely his home-town in Scotland. Beginning in 1899, Carnegie substantially increased funding to libraries outside of these areas, in later years few towns that requested a grant and agreed to his terms were refused. By the time the last grant was made in 1919, there were 3,500 libraries in the United States, the first of Carnegies public libraries, Dunfermline Carnegie Library was in his birthplace, Dunfermline, Scotland. It was first commissioned or granted by Carnegie in 1880 to James Campbell Walker, the locally quarried sandstone building displays a stylized sun with the carved motto Let there be light at the front entrance. The first library in the United States to be commissioned by Carnegie was in 1886 in his hometown of Allegheny. In 1890, it became the second of his libraries to open in the USA, the building also contained the first Carnegie Music Hall in the World. It was the second Carnegie Library in the United States to be commissioned,1887, an 1893 addition doubled the size of the building and included the third Carnegie Music Hall in the United States. Initially Carnegie limited his support to a few towns in which he had an interest and these would be in Scotland and the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. In America,6 out of the first 7,7 of the first 10, until 1898, only one library was commissioned in America outside of Southwestern Pennsylvania—a library in Fairfield, Iowa, commissioned in 1892. Beginning in 1899, his foundation funded an increase in the number of libraries. They led the establishment of 75–80 percent of the libraries in communities across the country, under segregation black people were generally denied access to public libraries in the Southern United States. Rather than insisting on his libraries being racially integrated, Carnegie funded separate libraries for African Americans, for example, in Houston he funded a separate Colored Carnegie Library. The Carnegie Library in Savannah, Georgia, opened in 1914 to serve black residents, the privately organized Colored Library Association of Savannah had raised money and collected books to establish a small Library for Colored Citizens. Having demonstrated their willingness to support a library, the group petitioned for. Future U. S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas wrote in his memoirs that he used it as a boy. Most of the buildings were unique, constructed in a number of styles, including Beaux-Arts, Italian Renaissance, Baroque, Classical Revival
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Library
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A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a building or room, or a virtual space. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items, in Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by Bibliotheca and Bibliothēkē, derivatives of these mean library in many modern languages, e. g. French bibliothèque. The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer. Private or personal libraries made up of books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC. In the 6th century, at the close of the Classical period. A library is organized for use and maintained by a body, an institution. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information, Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries often provide facilities for access to their electronic resources. Modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats, the first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing—the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in temple rooms in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC. These archives, which consisted of the records of commercial transactions or inventories, mark the end of prehistory. Things were much the same in the government and temple records on papyrus of Ancient Egypt, the earliest discovered private archives were kept at Ugarit, besides correspondence and inventories, texts of myths may have been standardized practice-texts for teaching new scribes. There is also evidence of libraries at Nippur about 1900 BC, philosopher Laozi was keeper of books in the earliest library in China, which belonged to the Imperial Zhou dynasty. Also, evidence of catalogues found in some destroyed ancient libraries illustrates the presence of librarians, the Library of Alexandria, in Egypt, was the largest and most significant great library of the ancient world. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II, an early organization system was in effect at Alexandria. The Library of Celsus in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus by Celsus’ son, the library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. Private or personal libraries made up of books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC
