1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
3.
Thelma Schoonmaker
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Thelma Colbert Schoonmaker is a French-born American film editor who has worked with director Martin Scorsese for over forty years. She has edited all of Scorseses films since Raging Bull, first working with Scorsese on his feature film Whos That Knocking at My Door. Schoonmaker has received seven Academy Award nominations for Best Film Editing, Schoonmaker was born in Algiers, French Algeria, the daughter of American parents, Thelma and Bertram Schoonmaker. Bertram, descended from the New York Schoonmaker family, was employed as an agent of the Standard Oil Company, Thelma was raised in various countries, including on the Dutch-Caribbean island of Aruba. Schoonmaker did not live in the United States until she was a teenager, in 1955, Schoonmaker was interested in a career in international diplomacy and began attending Cornell University in 1957, where she studied political science and the Russian language. When she graduated from Cornell in 1961, she began taking State Department tests in order to apply for positions in the U. S. government, in reaction to this experience, Schoonmaker switched gears and began taking a course in primitive art. While doing graduate work at Columbia University, Thelma Schoonmaker answered an ad that offered training as an assistant film editor. She responded to the employment advertisement in The New York Times, the job entailed assisting an editor who was randomly cutting frames from classic European films, so that their length would conform to the running times of U. S. television broadcasts. Although she was revolted by the callousness of the methods, Schoonmaker nonetheless picked up important technical skills. A negative cutter had butchered his film, not leaving enough negative frames to allow for hot splicing, one of her film professors asked Schoonmaker to help Scorsese, a close working relationship with him unfolded over the next thirty-five years. Schoonmaker edited Scorseses first feature film, Whos That Knocking at My Door, at NYU Schoonmaker also met filmmaker Michael Wadleigh and later edited his influential music festival documentary, Woodstock on which Scorsese also worked. Consequently, there was a gap between her work on Scorseses student films and her Oscar-winning work on Raging Bull. “I would have loved to work with Marty, but I wasn’t in the union…. And then, finally, Marty called me about Raging Bull and the lawyers got me in the union. ”While Schoonmaker didnt officially work with Scorsese until Raging Bull, she did make an uncredited contribution to Taxi Driver. Scorsese had decided not to edit the picture Taxi Driver during proaction shooting, at one point, Steven Spielberg visited Scorsese and chipped in with some contributions towards the final edit. Schoonmaker helped to some film industry glass ceilings, and has amassed an extensive list of film editing credits. Varietys Eileen Kowalski notes that, Indeed, many of the greats have been women, Dede Allen, Verna Fields, Thelma Schoonmaker, Anne V. Coates. She appears in The Aviator as one of Howard Hughes editors during the filming of Hells Angels, Schoonmaker was married to film director Michael Powell from May 19,1984 until his death in 1990. Since his death, Schoonmaker has dedicated herself to preserving the films and honoring the legacy of her husband and she was introduced to Michael Powell by Martin Scorsese and London-based film producer Frixos Constantine
4.
Cannes Film Festival
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Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
5.
Michael Powell
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Michael Latham Powell was an English film director, celebrated for his partnership with Emeric Pressburger. His later controversial 1960 film Peeping Tom, while considered a classic, was so vilified on first release that his career was seriously damaged. Many film-makers such as Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola and George A. Romero have cited Powell as an influence, in 1981, he received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award along with his partner Pressburger, the highest honour the British Film Academy can give a filmmaker. Powell was the son and youngest child of Thomas William Powell, a hop farmer. Powell was born in Bekesbourne, Kent, and educated at The Kings School, Canterbury and he started work at the National Provincial Bank in 1922 but quickly realised he was not cut out to be a banker. Powell entered the industry in 1925 through working with director Rex Ingram at the Victorine Studios in Nice, France. He first started out as a studio hand, the proverbial gofer, sweeping the floor, making coffee. Soon he progressed to work such as stills photography, writing titles and many other jobs including a few acting roles. Powell made his film début as a comic English tourist in The Magician, returning to England in 1928, Powell worked at a diverse series of jobs for various filmmakers including as a stills photographer on Alfred Hitchcocks silent film Champagne. He also signed on in a role on Hitchcocks first talkie. In his autobiography, Powell claims he suggested the ending in the British Museum which was the first of Hitchcocks monumental climaxes to his films, Powell and Hitchcock remained friends for the remainder of Hitchcocks life. After scriptwriting on two productions, Powell entered into a partnership with American producer Jerry Jackson in 1931 to make quota quickies, Powell then began to direct hour-long films needed to satisfy a legal requirement that British cinemas screen a certain quota of British films. During this period, he developed his skills, sometimes making up to seven films a year. Although he had taken on some directing responsibilities in other films and this thriller was considered a modest success at the box office despite its limited budget. From 1931 to 1936, Powell was the director of 23 films, including the critically received Red Ensign, in 1937 Powell completed his first truly personal project, The Edge of the World. Powell gathered together a cast and crew who were willing to part in an expedition to what was then a very isolated part of the UK. They had to stay there for quite a few months and finished up with a film not only told the story he wanted. By 1939, Powell had been hired as a director by Alexander Korda on the strength of The Edge of the World
6.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
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The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
7.
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)
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The play, which is categorized as a comedy, is one of Shakespeares most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world. Felix Mendelssohns music was used, as re-orchestrated by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. The ballet sequences featuring the fairies were choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska, part one A beautiful young woman named Hermia is in love with Lysander and wishes to marry him. Her father Egeus, however, has instructed her to marry Demetrius, Theseus offers her another choice—to live a life of chastity as a nun and worship the goddess Diana. Meanwhile, Peter Quince and his fellow players gather to produce a play about the cruel death of Pyramus and Thisbe in honor of the Duke. Quince reads the names of characters and bestows them to the players, nick Bottom, who is playing the main role of Pyramus, is overly-enthusiastic and suggests himself for the characters of Thisbe, the Lion, and Pyramus at the same time. He would also prefer being a tyrant and recites some lines of Ercles, Quince ends the meeting instructing his players to meet at the Dukes oak tree. In the forest outside Athens, Oberon, the king of the fairies, Titania tells Oberon that she plans to stay there to attend the wedding of Duke Theseus and Hippolyta. Oberon and Titania are estranged because she refuses to give her Indian changeling to Oberon for use as his knight, wanting to punish Titanias disobedience, Oberon instructs his mischievous court jester Puck to retrieve a flower called love-in-idleness. Originally a white flower, it turns purple when struck by Cupids bow, when someone applies the magical love potion to a sleeping persons eyelids, it makes the victim fall in love with the first living creature seen upon awakening. Oberon comes across a sleeping Titania and applies the potion to her eyes. He intends to make Titania fall in love with the first creature she sees when waking up, oberons intent is to shame Titania into giving up the little Indian changeling. Meanwhile, Hermia and Lysander have escaped to the same forest in hopes of eloping, Demetrius, who is also in love with Hermia, pursues them into the forest. He is followed by Helena, who is desperate to reclaim Demetrius love, Helena continues to make advances towards Demetrius, promising to love him more than Hermia, but he rebuffs her with cruel insults. When Oberon sees this, he orders Puck to spread some of the potion on the eyelids of Demetrius. When Puck later discovers the sleeping Lysander, he mistakes him for Demetrius—not having seen either before—and administers the love potion to the sleeping Lysander, during the night, Helena comes across the sleeping Lysander and wakes him up while attempting to determine whether he is dead or asleep. When he lays eyes on her, Lysander immediately falls in love with Helena, meanwhile, the mischievous Puck turns Bottom into a donkey. When Titania wakes up and lays eyes on Bottom as a donkey, Oberon finds the abandoned changeling and takes him away
8.
Anthony Adverse
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Anthony Adverse is a 1936 American epic costume drama film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Fredric March and Olivia de Havilland. The film received four Academy Awards, among the four Academy Awards that Anthony Adverse won, Gale Sondergaard was awarded the inaugural Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her role as Faith Paleologus. In 1773, young English beauty Maria Bonnyfeather is the new bride of the cruel, however, she is pregnant by Denis Moore, the man she loved before being forced to marry Don Luis. After the marquis learns of his wifes affair, Don Luis takes her across Europe but Denis tracks them down at an inn, months later Maria dies giving birth to her son at a chalet in the Alps in northern Italy. Don Luis lies to Marias father, wealthy Leghorn-based merchant John Bonnyfeather, Ten years later, completely by coincidence, Anthony is apprenticed to Bonnyfeather, his real grandfather, who discovers his relationship to the boy but keeps it a secret from him. He gives the boy the surname Adverse in acknowledgement of the life he has led. As an adult, Anthony falls in love with Angela Giuseppe, the daughter. Soon after the ceremony, Anthony is asked by Bonnyfeather to depart for Havana to save Bonnyfeathers fortune from a laggard debtor, the merchant trading firm Gallego & Sons. On the day his ship is supposed to set sail he and Angela are supposed to meet at the convent before departing together, unable to wait any longer, she leaves a note outside the convent to inform him that she is leaving for Rome with her opera company. But the note Angela leaves Anthony is blown away and he is unaware that she has gone to Rome, confused and upset, he departs on the ship without her. Meanwhile, assuming he has abandoned her, she departs and continues her career as an opera singer, learning that Gallego has quit Havana, Anthony leaves to take control of Gallego & Sons only remaining asset—a slave trading post on the Pongo River in Africa. Three years in the slave trade corrupts him, and he takes slave girl Neleta into his bed as he believes Angela has abandoned him, Anthony is eventually redeemed by his friendship with Brother François. After the monk is crucified and killed by the natives, Anthony returns to Italy to find Bonnyfeather has died and his housekeeper, Faith Paleologus, has inherited Bonnyfeathers fortune. Anthony reaches Paris to rectify the situation and claim his inheritance, through the intercession of impresario Debrulle, Anthony finds Angela and discovers she bore him a son. His wife fails to reveal she is now Mademoiselle Georges, an opera star. When Anthony learns her secret, she sends him their son, Anthony departs for America with his son, Anthony Jr. in search of a better life. Errol Flynn was meant to support Fredric March but proved so popular when Captain Blood was released he was given the lead in The Charge of the Light Brigade. Bill Mauch plays Marchs on screen son, Warner Bros discovered Mauch had a twin, Bobby and put them both under contract
9.
The Adventures of Robin Hood
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The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 American Technicolor swashbuckler film, produced by Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke, directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley, that stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, written by Norman Reilly Raine and Seton I. The Adventures of Robin Hood has been acclaimed by critics since its release, in 1995, the film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation by the National Film Registry. Alan Hale, Sr. who plays Little John, had played the character in the 1922 version of the film and went on to play him again in Rogues of Sherwood Forest. Richard the Lionheart, the King of England, is taken captive in 1191 by Leopold V, richard’s treacherous brother Prince John usurps the throne and proceeds to oppress the Saxons, raising taxes to secure his own position. Only the Saxon nobleman Sir Robin of Locksley opposes him, Robin acquires a loyal follower when he saves Much the Millers Son from being arrested for poaching by Sir Guy of Gisbourne. At Gisbournes castle, Robin boldly tells Prince John and his followers, Robin escapes, despite attempts by Johns men to stop him. Robin and his men capture a party of Normans transporting tax money extorted from the people of England. Among Robins guests are Sir Guy of Gisbourne, the cowardly Sheriff of Nottingham, at first disdainful of Robin, Marian comes to accept his good intentions and begins to see the reality of Norman brutality. Robin allows the humiliated Sir Guy and the Sheriff to leave Sherwood, All goes as planned, Robin wins the match, is taken prisoner, and is sentenced to hang. Marian helps Robins men rescue Robin, and he later scales a castle wall to thank her, each pledges their love for each other but Marian declines to leave, believing she can best help the rebellion as a spy by staying where she is. King Richard and several trusted knights have returned, disguised as monks, at an roadside inn, the Bishop of the Black Canons discovers their presence and alerts Prince John and Gisbourne. Dickon Malbete, a former knight, is given the task of disposing of Richard in return for the restoration of his rank, with Robins manor. Marian overhears their plot and writes a note to Robin, but Sir Guy finds it and has her arrested, pending trial, Marians nurse, Bess, romantically involved with Much, sends her paramour to warn Robin. On his way, Much intercepts and kills Dickon, being wounded in the process, King Richard and his liegemen journey through Sherwood Forest and are soon stopped by Robin and his men. Richard assures him that he is traveling on the Kings business, when asked if he supports Richard, will finds the injured Much, who tells Robin of Marians peril and that Richard is now in England. Robin orders a search to find Richard and bring him to Robin for safety. Now certain of Robins loyalty, Richard reveals himself to the outlaws, Robin devises a plan to sneak his men into Nottingham Castle
10.
The Best Years of Our Lives
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The Best Years of Our Lives is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7,1944, Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, Glory for Me, robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay. In addition to its success, the film quickly became a great commercial success upon release. It remains the sixth most-attended film of all time in the UK, the film had one of the highest viewing figures of all time, with ticket sales exceeding $20.4 million. After World War II, Fred Derry, Homer Parrish, Fred was a decorated Army Air Forces captain and bombardier in Europe. Homer lost both hands from burns suffered when his aircraft carrier was sunk, and now uses mechanical hook prostheses, Al served as an infantry platoon sergeant in the Pacific. All three have trouble adjusting to civilian life, Al has a comfortable home and a loving family, wife Milly, adult daughter Peggy, and college freshman son Rob. He returns to his old job as a loan officer. The bank president views his military experience as valuable in dealing with other returning servicemen, when Al approves a loan to a young Navy veteran, however, the president advises him against making a habit of it. Before the war, Fred had been an unskilled drugstore soda jerk and he wants something better, but the tight postwar job market forces him to return to his old job. Fred had met Marie while in training and married her shortly afterward. She became a waitress while Fred was overseas. Marie makes it clear she does not enjoy being married to a soda jerk. Homer was a quarterback and became engaged to his next door neighbor, Wilma. Both Homer and his parents now have trouble dealing with his disability and he does not want to burden Wilma with his handicap so he eventually pushes her away, although she still wants to marry him. Peggy meets Fred while bringing her home from a bar where the three men meet once again
11.
The Apartment
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The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film that was produced and directed by Billy Wilder, and which stars Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, and Fred MacMurray. It was Wilders next movie after Some Like It Hot and, like its predecessor, the film was nominated for ten Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Picture. The film was the basis of the 1968 Broadway musical Promises, Promises, with book by Neil Simon, music by Burt Bacharach, calvin Clifford Bud Baxter is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in New York City. The four managers write glowing reports about Bud, who hopes for a promotion from the personnel director, Sheldrake calls Baxter to his office but says that he has found out why they were so enthusiastic. Then he goes on to him in return for exclusive privileges to borrow the apartment. He insists on using it that night and, as compensation for such short notice. After work, Bud catches Fran Kubelik, an operator on whom he has had his eye. They agree to meet at the theater after she has a drink with a former fling, the man whom she meets, by coincidence, is Sheldrake, who convinces her that he is about to divorce his wife for her. They go to Baxters apartment as Baxter waits forlornly outside the theater, at Buds apartment, Fran confronts Sheldrake, upset with herself for believing his lies. Sheldrake maintains that he loves her but then leaves to return to his suburban family as usual. Meanwhile, Bud accidentally finds out about Sheldrake and Fran, heartbroken, he lets himself be picked up by a woman at a local bar. When they arrive at his apartment, he is shocked to find Fran in his bed, fully clothed and he enlists the help of his neighbor, Dr. Dreyfuss, to revive Fran without notifying the authorities and sends his confused bar pickup home. To protect his job, he lets Dreyfuss believe that he and Fran are lovers who had fought and this comes as no surprise to Dr. Dreyfuss or his wife, who long assumed Baxter was a womanizing playboy from all the noise coming from his apartment at all hours. Fran spends two days recuperating at his apartment, while Bud tries entertaining and distracting her from any further suicidal thoughts, since she has been missing, Frans brother-in-law Karl Matuschka comes to the office looking for her. She has not been there and neither has Baxter, the previous day, one of the executives had seen Fran in the bedroom when he came to the apartment hoping to borrow it, and mentioned it to the other executives. Resenting Bud for denying them access to his apartment, the direct the man there. Baxter again takes responsibility for Frans actions, and Karl punches him twice in the face, Fran kisses Bud for not revealing her affair with Sheldrake to Karl, and Bud, sensing that she now cares for him, smiles and says the punch didnt hurt a bit. Sheldrake rewards Bud with a promotion and fires Miss Olsen for telling Fran his history of womanizing
12.
Raiders of the Lost Ark
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Raiders of the Lost Ark is a 1981 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, with a screenplay written by Lawrence Kasdan, from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It was produced by Frank Marshall for Lucasfilm Ltd. with Lucas, starring Harrison Ford, it was the first installment in the Indiana Jones film franchise to be released, though it is the second in internal chronological order. It pits Indiana Jones against a group of Nazis who are searching for the Ark of the Covenant, the film originated from Lucas desire to create a modern version of the serials of the 1930s and 1940s. Production was based at Elstree Studios, England, but filming took place in La Rochelle, France, Tunisia, Hawaii. Released on June 12,1981, Raiders of the Lost Ark became the years top-grossing film, in 1999, the film was included in the U. S. Library of Congress National Film Registry as having been deemed culturally, historically, Raiders of the Lost Ark is often ranked as one of the greatest films of all time, both in the action-adventure genre, and in general. The film also ranks #2 on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time, in 1936, archaeologist Indiana Jones braves an ancient booby-trapped temple in Peru and retrieves a golden idol. He is confronted by rival archaeologist René Belloq and the indigenous Hovito people, surrounded and outnumbered, Indy surrenders the idol to Belloq and escapes aboard a waiting floatplane. Jones returns to his position at Marshall College, where he is interviewed by two Army Intelligence agents. They inform him that the Nazis are searching for his old mentor, Abner Ravenwood, the Staff of Ra is the key to finding the Well of Souls, a secret chamber in which the Ark is buried. The agents authorize Jones to recover the Ark to prevent the Nazis from obtaining it and he travels to Nepal and discovers that Abner has died, and the headpiece is in the possession of Ravenwoods daughter Marion. Jones visits Marion at her tavern, where she reveals her feelings toward him from a previous romantic affair. She physically rebuffs his offer to buy the headpiece, and Jones leaves, shortly after, a group of thugs arrive with their Nazi commander, Arnold Toht. Indy and Marion escape with the headpiece, and Marion decides to accompany Indy in his search for the Ark so he can repay his debt to her, the pair travels to Cairo, where they meet up with Indys friend Sallah, a skilled excavator. Sallah informs them that Belloq and the Nazis are digging for the Well of Souls with a replica of the headpiece and they quickly realize the Nazi headpiece is incomplete and that the Nazis are digging in the wrong place. The Nazis kidnap Marion and it appears to Jones that she is killed in an exploding truck, after a confrontation with Belloq in a local bar, Indy and Sallah infiltrate the Nazi dig site and use their staff to correctly locate the Ark. Indy discovers Marion is alive, bound and gagged in a tent, Indy, Sallah, and a small group of diggers unearth the Well of Souls and acquire the Ark. Belloq and Nazi officer Colonel Dietrich arrive, seize the Ark from Jones, Jones and Marion escape to a local airstrip, where Jones has a fistfight with a Nazi mechanic and destroys the flying wing that was to transport the Ark to Berlin
13.
Schindler's List
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Schindlers List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and scripted by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the novel Schindlers Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally and it stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindlers Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden were proposed as early as 1963, poldek Pfefferberg, one of the Schindlerjuden, made it his lifes mission to tell the story of Schindler. Spielberg became interested in the story when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a review of Schindlers Ark. Principal photography took place in Kraków, Poland, over the course of 72 days in 1993, Spielberg shot the film in black and white and approached it as a documentary. Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to give the film a sense of timelessness, John Williams composed the score, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performs the films main theme. Schindlers List premiered on November 30,1993, in Washington, D. C. and it was released on December 15,1993, in the United States. Often listed among the greatest films made, it was also a box office success. It was the recipient of seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, in 2007, the American Film Institute ranked the film 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time. The Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004, in Kraków during World War II, the Germans had forced local Polish Jews into the overcrowded Kraków Ghetto. Oskar Schindler, an ethnic German, arrives in the city hoping to make his fortune, a member of the Nazi Party, Schindler lavishes bribes on Wehrmacht and SS officials and acquires a factory to produce enamelware. To help him run the business, Schindler enlists the aid of Itzhak Stern, a local Jewish official who has contacts with black marketeers, Stern helps Schindler arrange financing for the factory. Schindler maintains friendly relations with the Nazis and enjoys wealth and status as Herr Direktor, sS-Untersturmführer Amon Göth arrives in Kraków to oversee construction of Płaszów concentration camp. When the camp is completed, he orders the ghetto liquidated, many people are shot and killed in the process of emptying the ghetto. Schindler witnesses the massacre and is profoundly affected, Schindler is careful to maintain his friendship with Göth and, through bribery and lavish gifts, continues to enjoy SS support. Göth brutally mistreats his Jewish maid Helen Hirsch and randomly shoots people from the balcony of his villa, as time passes, Schindlers focus shifts from making money to trying to save as many lives as possible. To better protect his workers, Schindler bribes Göth into allowing him to build a sub-camp, as the Germans begin to lose the war, Göth is ordered to ship the remaining Jews at Płaszów to Auschwitz concentration camp. Schindler asks Göth to allow him to move his workers to a new munitions factory he plans to build in his town of Zwittau-Brinnlitz
14.
Saving Private Ryan
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Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war drama film set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II. It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller and a squad as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan, who is the last-surviving brother of four servicemen. The film received acclaim, winning several awards for film, cast. The film grossed US$481.8 million worldwide, making it the film of the year. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, Spielbergs direction won his second Academy Award for Best Director, Saving Private Ryan was released on home video in May 1999, earning another $44 million from sales. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed culturally, historically, in the late 1990s, an elderly World War II veteran and his family visit the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial in Normandy, France. The veteran walks around the cemetery and, upon seeing one specific gravestone, collapses to his knees, on the morning of June 6,1944, the beginning of the Normandy Invasion, American soldiers prepare to land on Omaha Beach. They suffer heavily from their struggle against German infantry, machine gun nests, after the battle, the body of a dead soldier lying face down on the beach, with S. Ryan stenciled on the back of his pack, is shown. Meanwhile, in Washington, D. C, at the U. S, War Department, General George Marshall is informed that three of the four brothers of the Ryan family were killed in action and that their mother is to receive all three telegrams on the same day. He learns that the son, Private First Class James Francis Ryan, is a paratrooper and is missing in action somewhere in Normandy. Marshall, after reading Abraham Lincolns Bixby letter, orders that Ryan must be found, three days after D-Day, Miller receives orders to find Ryan and bring him back from the front. He assembles six men from his company—T/Sgt, Miller and his men move out to Neuville, there, they meet a squad from the 101st Airborne Division. Caparzo dies after being shot by a sniper, eventually, they locate a Private James Ryan, but soon learn that he is not their man. They find a member of Ryans regiment who informs them that his drop zone was at Vierville, once they reach it, Miller meets a friend of Ryans, who reveals that Ryan is defending a strategically important bridge over the Merderet River in the fictional town of Ramelle. On the way to Ramelle, Miller decides to neutralize a German machine gun position, no longer confident in Millers leadership, Reiben declares his intention to desert the squad and the mission, prompting a confrontation with Horvath. The argument heats up until Miller defuses the situation by disclosing his background in civilian life, Reiben then reluctantly decides to stay. Upon arrival at Ramelle, Miller and the squad come upon a group of paratroopers. Ryan is told of his brothers deaths, the mission to bring him home, and that two men had been lost in the quest to find him
15.
Raging Bull
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Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, LaMottas well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons, and Cathy Moriarty as his wife. The film features supporting roles from Nicholas Colasanto, Theresa Saldana, Scorsese was initially reluctant to develop the project, though he eventually came to relate to LaMottas story. Schrader re-wrote Martins first screenplay, and Scorsese and De Niro together made uncredited contributions thereafter, Pesci was an unknown actor prior to the film, as was Moriarty, who was suggested for her role by Pesci. During principal photography, each of the scenes was choreographed for a specific visual style. Scorsese was exacting in the process of editing and mixing the film, despite receiving mixed initial reviews, it went on to garner a high critical reputation, and is now often regarded as among Scorseses best works and the greatest films ever made. In 1990, it became the first film to be selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in its first year of eligibility, in a brief scene in 1964, an aging, overweight Italian American, Jake LaMotta, practices a comedy routine. In 1941, LaMotta is in a boxing match against Jimmy Reeves. Jakes brother Joey LaMotta discusses a potential shot for the title with one of his Mafia connections. Some time thereafter, Jake spots a 15-year-old girl named Vikki at a swimming pool in his Bronx neighborhood. He eventually pursues a relationship with her, even though he is already married, in 1943, Jake defeats Sugar Ray Robinson, and has a rematch three weeks later. Jake constantly worries about Vikki having feelings for men, particularly when she makes an off-hand comment about Tony Janiro. His jealousy is evident when he brutally defeats Janiro in front of the local Mob boss, Tommy Como, as Joey discusses the victory with journalists at the Copacabana, he is distracted by seeing Vikki approach a table with Salvy and his crew. Joey speaks with Vikki, who says she is giving up on his brother, blaming Salvy, Joey viciously attacks him in a fight that spills outside of the club. Como later orders them to apologize, and has Joey tell Jake that if he wants a chance at the championship title, in a match against Billy Fox, after briefly pummeling his opponent, Jake does not even bother to put up a fight. He is suspended shortly thereafter from the board on suspicion of throwing the fight and he is eventually reinstated, and in 1949, wins the middleweight championship title against Marcel Cerdan. A year later, Jake asks Joey if he fought with Salvy at the Copacabana because of Vikki, Jake then asks if Joey had an affair with her, Joey refuses to answer, insults Jake, and leaves. Jake directly asks Vikki about the affair, and when she hides him in the bathroom, he breaks down the door. Jake angrily walks to Joeys house, with Vikki following him, estranged from Joey, Jakes career begins to decline slowly and he eventually loses his title to Sugar Ray Robinson in their final encounter in 1951
16.
The Aviator (2004 film)
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The Aviator is a 2004 American biographical epic drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by John Logan. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Howard Hughes, Cate Blanchett as Katharine Hepburn, the supporting cast features Ian Holm, John C. Reilly, Alec Baldwin, Jude Law as Errol Flynn, Gwen Stefani as Jean Harlow, Kelli Garner as Faith Domergue, Willem Dafoe, Alan Alda, and Edward Herrmann. Based on the 1993 non-fiction book Howard Hughes, The Secret Life by Charles Higham, the film depicts the life of Howard Hughes, the Aviator was released in the United States on December 25,2004. The film grossed $214 million at the box office, the movie is considered among Scorseses finest films and DiCaprios portrayal of Howard Hughes is regarded as one of the greatest performances of his career. In 1913 Houston, nine-year-old Howard Hughes mother gives him a bath and warns him about the recent cholera outbreak in Houston, fourteen years later, he begins to direct the film Hells Angels, and hires Noah Dietrich to manage the day-to-day operations of his business empire. After the release of The Jazz Singer, the first partially talking film, Hughes becomes obsessed with shooting his film realistically, despite the film being a hit, Hughes remains unsatisfied with the end result and orders the film to be recut after its Hollywood premiere. He becomes romantically involved with actress Katharine Hepburn, who helps to ease the symptoms of his worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder, in 1935, Hughes test flies the H-1 Racer, pushing it to a new speed record. Three years later, he breaks the record by flying around the world in four days. He subsequently purchases majority interest in Transcontinental & Western Air, Hepburn grows tired of Hughes eccentricity, and leaves him for fellow actor Spencer Tracy. Hughes quickly finds a new love interest with 15-year-old Faith Domergue, however, he still has feelings for Hepburn, and blackmails a reporter to keep reports about her and the married Tracy out of the press. Hughes secures a contract with the Army Air Forces for two projects, a spy aircraft and a transport unit. In 1946, with the Spruce Goose flying boat still in construction, Hughes finishes the XF-11 reconnaissance aircraft, however, one of the engines fails midflight, and the aircraft crashes in Beverly Hills, with Hughes getting severely injured. With the end of World War II, the army cancels its order for the H-4 Hercules, when he is discharged, he is informed that he must choose between funding the airlines or his flying boat. Hughes orders Dietrich to mortgage the TWA assets so he can continue the development, as his OCD worsens, Hughes becomes increasingly paranoid, planting microphones and tapping Gardners phone lines to keep track of her. The FBI searches his home for incriminating evidence of war profiteering, searching his possessions and, to his horror, Brewster privately offers to drop the charges if Hughes sells TWA to Trippe, but Hughes refuses. Hughes OCD symptoms become extreme, and he retreats into an isolated germ-free zone for three months, Trippe has Brewster summon him for a Senate investigation, certain that Hughes will not show up. Gardner visits him and personally grooms and dresses him in preparation for the hearing, an invigorated Hughes defends himself against Brewsters charges and accuses the senator of taking bribes from Trippe
17.
The Departed
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The Departed is a 2006 American crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs, the film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg, with Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, Anthony Anderson and Alec Baldwin in supporting roles. The film takes place in Boston, simultaneously, the police assign undercover state trooper William Billy Costigan to infiltrate Costellos crew. When both sides realize the situation, Sullivan and Costigan both attempt to discover the identity before their covers are blown. The film was a critical and commercial success and won awards, including four Oscars at the 79th Academy Awards, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay. Wahlberg was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor, as a child, Colin Sullivan had been introduced to organized crime by Irish-American mobster Frank Costello in the Irish neighborhood of South Boston. Over the years, Costello grooms him to become a mole inside the Massachusetts State Police, until Sullivan is accepted into the Special Investigations Unit and he drops out of the academy and does time in prison on a fake assault charge to increase his credibility. Each man infiltrates his respective organization, and Sullivan begins a romance with police psychiatrist Madolyn Madden, Costigan is seeing her under the terms of his probation, and they begin a relationship, too. After Costello escapes a sting operation, each mole becomes aware of the others existence, Sullivan is told to find the rat and asks Costello for information to identify the informer. Costigan follows Costello into a theater, where Costello gives Sullivan an envelope containing personal information on his crew members. When it is over, neither man knows the others identity, Sullivan has Queenan tailed to a meeting with Costigan on the roof of a building. Queenan orders Costigan to flee while he confronts Costellos men alone, the men then throw Queenan off the building to his death. When they exit, Costigan pretends he has come to join them, television news reveals that crew member Delahunt has been an undercover cop, working for the Boston Police Department. Dignam resigns rather than work with Sullivan, who he suspects is the mole after he is asked why he had Queenan followed, using Queenans phone, Sullivan reaches Costigan, who refuses to abort his mission. Sullivan learns from Queenans diary of Costellos role as an informant for the FBI, with Costigans help, Costello is traced to a cocaine drop-off, where a gunfight erupts between Costellos crew and the police, which results in most of the crew being killed. Costello, confronted by Sullivan, admits he is an FBI informant, Costello tries to shoot Sullivan, but Sullivan shoots him multiple times. With Costello dead, Sullivan is applauded the next day by everyone on the force, fearing retaliation, Sullivan erases Costigans records from the police computer system. Sullivan is unaware that Madolyn had an affair with Costigan when she tells Sullivan that she is pregnant, later, Sullivan finds her listening to a CD from Costigan containing incriminating recorded conversations between Costello and Sullivan
18.
James Cameron
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James Francis Jim Cameron is a Canadian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter, inventor, engineer, philanthropist, and deep-sea explorer. He first found success with the science fiction action film The Terminator. He then became a popular Hollywood director and was hired to write and direct Aliens and he found further critical acclaim for his use of special effects in Terminator 2, Judgment Day. After his film True Lies Cameron took on his biggest film at the time, Titanic, despite Avatar being his only movie made to date in 3D, Cameron is the most successful 3D film-maker in terms of box-office revenue. In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films and co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System, described by a biographer as part scientist and part artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies. On March 26,2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench and he is the first person to do this in a solo descent, and is only the third person to do so ever. In total, Camerons directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America, not adjusted for inflation, Camerons Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.19 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. Cameron also holds the achievement of having directed two of the three films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide, in March 2011, he was named Hollywoods top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million. Cameron was born in 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley, an artist and nurse, and Phillip Cameron and his paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland, in 1825. Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario, and attended Stamford Collegiate School in Niagara Falls and his family moved to Brea, California in 1971, when Cameron was 17 years old. He dropped out of Sonora High School, then attended Brea Olinda High School to further his secondary education, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a two-year community college, in 1973 to study physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the start of the fall 1974 semester, next, he worked several jobs, including as a truck driver, writing when he had time. That way I could sit down and read it, and if theyd let me photocopy it, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry after seeing Star Wars in 1977. When Cameron read Syd Fields book Screenplay, it occurred to him that science and art was possible. They raised money, rented camera, lenses, film stock and they dismantled the camera to understand how to operate it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running. He was the director, writer, producer, and production designer for Xenogenesis and he then became a production assistant on a film called Rock and Roll High School, though uncredited, in 1979. While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model maker at Roger Corman Studios, making rapidly produced, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars and he did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenters Escape from New York, acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror, and consulted on the design of Android
19.
Titanic (1997 film)
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Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance-disaster film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Camerons inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks, production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were used to re-create the sinking, the film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox. It was the most expensive film made at time, with an estimated budget of $200 million. Upon its release on December 19,1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success, with an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Camerons 2009 film Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4,2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide and it became the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide. In 2015, Titanic Live, an orchestra version of the film. In 1996, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team aboard the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh search the wreck of RMS Titanic for a necklace with a rare diamond, the Heart of the Ocean. They recover a safe containing a drawing of a woman wearing only the necklace dated April 14,1912. Rose Dawson Calvert, the woman in the drawing, is brought aboard Keldysh, in 1912 Southampton, 17-year-old first-class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater, her fiancé Cal Hockley, and her mother Ruth board the luxurious Titanic. Ruth emphasizes that Roses marriage will resolve their familys financial problems, distraught over the engagement, Rose considers suicide by jumping from the stern, Jack Dawson, a penniless artist, intervenes and discourages her. Discovered with Jack, Rose tells a concerned Cal that she was peering over the edge, when Cal becomes indifferent, she suggests to him that Jack deserves a reward. He invites Jack to dine with them in first class the following night, Jack and Rose develop a tentative friendship, despite Cal and Ruth being wary of him. Following dinner, Rose secretly joins Jack at a party in third class, aware of Cal and Ruths disapproval, Rose rebuffs Jacks advances, but realizes she prefers him over Cal. After rendezvousing on the bow at sunset, Rose takes Jack to her room, at her request, Jack sketches Rose posing nude wearing Cals engagement present. They evade Cals bodyguard and have sex in an automobile inside the cargo hold, on the forward deck, they witness a collision with an iceberg and overhear the officers and designer discussing its seriousness
20.
Gravity (2013 film)
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Gravity is a 2013 British-American science fiction adventure film directed, produced, co-written and co-edited by Alfonso Cuarón. It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as astronauts who are stranded in space after the destruction of their space shuttle. Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the film at Universal Pictures, the rights were sold to Warner Bros. Pictures, where the project eventually found traction, david Heyman, who previously worked with Cuarón on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, produced the film with him. Gravity opened the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28,2013 and had its North American premiere three days later at the Telluride Film Festival. Upon its release, Gravity was met with acclaim, and has been regarded as one of the best films of the 2010s. The film became the film of 2013 with a worldwide gross of over US$723 million against production budget of only $100 million. The film was awarded six BAFTA Awards, including Outstanding British Film and Best Director, the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, seven Critics Choice Movie Awards. Dr. Ryan Stone, an engineer from Lake Zurich, Illinois, is aboard the NASA Space Shuttle Explorer for her first space mission. Veteran astronaut Matt Kowalski is commanding his final mission, Mission Control orders that the mission be aborted and the crew begin re-entry immediately because the debris is speeding towards the Shuttle. Communication with Mission Control is lost shortly thereafter, high-speed debris from the Russian satellite strikes the Explorer and Hubble, detaching Stone from the shuttle and leaving her tumbling through space. Kowalski, using a Manned Maneuvering Unit, recovers Stone and they return to the Explorer and they discover that it has suffered catastrophic damage and the rest of the crew are dead. They decide to use the MMU to reach the International Space Station, Kowalski estimates they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes an orbit and threatens them again. On their way to the International Space Station, the two discuss Stones home life and her daughter, who died young in an accident, as they approach, they see that its crew has evacuated in one of its two Soyuz TMA capsules. The parachute of the remaining Soyuz TMA-14M has deployed, rendering the capsule useless for returning to Earth, Kowalski suggests using it to travel to the nearby Chinese space station Tiangong,100 km away, in order to board a Chinese module to return safely to Earth. Out of air and maneuvering power, the two try to grab onto the ISS as they fly by, Stones leg gets entangled in the Soyuzs parachute cords and she grabs a strap on Kowalskis suit, but it soon becomes clear that the cords will not support them both. Despite Stones protests, Kowalski detaches himself from the tether to save her from drifting away with him and he continues to support her until he is out of communications range. Stone enters the station via an airlock
21.
David Lean
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Sir David Lean, CBE was an English film director, producer, screenwriter and editor, responsible for large-scale epics such as The Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia and Doctor Zhivago. He also directed adaptations of Dickens novels Great Expectations and Oliver Twist, Lean was born in Croydon, Surrey, to Francis William le Blount Lean and the former Helena Tangye. His parents were Quakers and he was a pupil at the Quaker-founded Leighton Park School in Reading and his younger brother, Edward Tangye Lean, founded the original Inklings literary club when a student at Oxford University. Lean was a schoolboy with a dreamy nature who was labeled a dud of a student, he left in his mid-teens. A more formative event for his career than his formal education was an uncles gift and you usually didnt give a boy a camera until he was 16 or 17 in those days. It was a compliment and I succeeded at it. Lean printed and developed his films, and it was his great hobby, at age 16, his father deserted the family when he ran off with another woman, and Lean would later follow a similar path after his own first marriage and child. He was taken on as a teaboy, promoted to clapperboy, by 1930 he was working as an editor on newsreels, including those of Gaumont Pictures and Movietone, while his move to feature films began with Freedom of the Seas and Escape Me Never. He edited Gabriel Pascals film productions of two George Bernard Shaw plays, Pygmalion and Major Barbara and he edited Powell & Pressburgers 49th Parallel and One of Our Aircraft Is Missing. After this last film, Lean began his career, after editing more than two dozen features by 1942. As Tony Sloman wrote in 1999, As the varied likes of David Lean, Robert Wise, Terence Fisher and Dorothy Arzner have proved, David Lean was given honorary membership of the Guild of British Film Editors in 1968. His first work as a director was in collaboration with Noël Coward on In Which We Serve and it has since become a classic, one of the most highly regarded British films. Two celebrated Charles Dickens adaptations followed – Great Expectations and Oliver Twist and these two films were the first directed by Lean to star Alec Guinness, whom Lean considered his good luck charm. The actors portrayal of Fagin was controversial at the time, the first screening in Berlin during February 1949 offended the surviving Jewish community and led to a riot. It caused problems too in New York, and after private screenings, was condemned by the Anti-Defamation League, to our surprise it was accused of being anti-Semitic, Lean wrote. We made Fagin an outsize and, we hoped, an amusing Jewish villain, the terms of the production code meant that the films release in the United States was delayed until July 1951 after cuts amounting to eight minutes. The Passionate Friends was the first of three films to feature the actress Ann Todd, who became his third wife, madeleine, set in Victorian-era Glasgow is about an 1857 cause célèbre with Todds lead character accused of murdering a former lover. The last of the films with Todd, The Sound Barrier, has a screenplay by the playwright Terence Rattigan and was the first of his three films for Sir Alexander Kordas London Films
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Coen brothers
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Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen, collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody and their best-reviewed works include Fargo, The Big Lebowski, No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, True Grit, and Inside Llewyn Davis. The brothers write, direct, and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers, Joel received sole credit for directing and they often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes. The duo also won the Palme dOr for Barton Fink, and were nominated for Fargo, the Coen brothers have written a number of films that neither of the two directed. Ethan is also a writer of stories, theater. Their films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, Joel and Ethan Coen were born and raised in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their mother, Rena, was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, when they were children, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television, with a kid, Mark Zimering. Their first attempt was a romp entitled Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go, cornel Wildes The Naked Prey became their Zeimers in Zambia, which also featured Ethan as a native with a spear. Joel Coen has said, in regards to whether our background influences our film making, theres no doubt that our Jewish heritage affects how we see things. Joel and Ethan graduated from St. Louis Park High School in 1973 and 1976 and they both also graduated from Bard College at Simons Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Joel then spent four years in the film program at New York University. Ethan went on to Princeton University and earned a degree in philosophy in 1979. His senior thesis was a 41-page essay, Two Views of Wittgensteins Later Philosophy, Joel has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984. They adopted a son from Paraguay, named Pedro McDormand Coen and she also did a voice-over in Barton Fink. Ethan married film editor Tricia Cooke in 1990 and they have two children, daughter Dusty and son Buster Jacob, who goes to Vassar College. Both couples live in New York, after graduating from New York University, Joel worked as a production assistant on a variety of industrial films and music videos. He developed a talent for film editing and met Sam Raimi while assisting Enda Ruth Paul in editing Raimis first feature film, in 1984, the brothers wrote and directed Blood Simple, their first commercial film together
23.
Michel Hazanavicius
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Michel Hazanavicius is a French film director, producer, screenwriter and film editor best known for his 2011 film, The Artist, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 84th Academy Awards. It also won him the Academy Award for Best Director and he also directed spy film parodies OSS117, Cairo, Nest of Spies and OSS117, Lost in Rio. His family is Jewish, and originally from Lithuania and his grandparents settled in France in the 1920s. Before directing films, Hazanavicius worked in television, beginning with the Canal+ channel and he began directing commercials for companies such as Reebok and Bouygues Telecom, and then, in 1993, he made his first feature-length film, La Classe américaine, for television. The film, co-directed with Dominique Mézerette, consisted entirely of footage taken from films produced by the Warner Bros. studio. In 1997, Hazanavicius directed his first short film, Echec au capital, and followed it up with his first theatrically released feature, Mes amis, the $17.5 million film was a modest box office success, with $23 million worldwide receipts. A sequel, OSS117, Lost in Rio, followed in 2009, both films were later distributed in the United States by Music Box Films. The Artist, a black and white film without dialogue which takes place in Hollywood on the eve of sound film, the Artist was later released to universal acclaim. On 24 January 2012 Hazanavicius received nominations for three Oscars, the Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Editing, Hazanavicius said winning an Oscar would be like dreaming of going to the moon – you dont really believe it could ever happen. Hazanavicius won the Academy Award for Best Director for The Artist and he was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in June 2012 along with 175 other individuals. He contributed a section to the omnibus film The Players starring Jean Dujardin and he has announced that his next feature film will be a remake of the 1948 Fred Zinnemann film The Search. The film will star Berenice Bejo in the Montgomery Clift role as an NGO worker helping a little boy find his family in modern-day Chechnya, golden Globe Award actress winner Annette Bening will star in the film. Hazanavicius was in a relationship with film director Virginia Lovisone, and he is married to Bérénice Bejo, who acted in his films OSS117, Cairo, Nest of Spies, The Artist and The Search. Hazanavicius and Bejo have two children together, Lucien and Gloria, list of accolades received by The Artist Michel Hazanavicius at the Internet Movie Database Michel Hazanavicius at WN
24.
Walter Murch
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Walter Scott Murch is an American film editor and sound designer. Murch was born in New York City, New York, the son of Katharine and Canadian-born Walter Tandy Murch, as a boy, he began to experiment with sound recording, taping unusual sounds and layering them into new combinations. He attended The Collegiate School, a preparatory school in Manhattan. In the summer of 1961 he worked as a music librarian and he assisted with the July 29th 1961 live broadcast of a 12-hour folk music Hootenanny produced by Izzy Young. This featured, among other acts, the first radio performance of the 20-year-old Bob Dylan. Murch then attended Johns Hopkins University from 1961 to 1965, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in Liberal Arts, Murch spent the university school year 1963-1964 in Europe, studying Romance Languages and the History of Art in Italy at Perugia and in France at the Sorbonne. While at Johns Hopkins, he met future director/screenwriter Matthew Robbins and cinematographer Caleb Deschanel, in 1965, Murch and Robbins enrolled in the graduate program of the University of Southern Californias film school, encouraging Deschanel to follow them. Not long after school, in 1969, Murch, Lucas. Murch and his family settled in Bolinas, California, in 1972, Murch started editing and mixing sound with Francis Ford Coppolas The Rain People. Murch also mixed the sound for Coppolas The Godfather Part II which was released in 1974 and he did sound design work on Apocalypse Now, for which he won his first Academy Award in 1979. In 1985 he directed his own film, Return to Oz, Murch edits in a standing position, comparing the process of film editing to conducting, brain surgery and short-order cooking, since all conductors, cooks and surgeons stand when they work. In contrast, when writing, he does so lying down, Murch has written one book on film editing, In the Blink of an Eye, which has been translated into many languages including Chinese, Italian, Hebrew, Spanish, French, German and Hungarian. Before this, he wrote the foreword to Michel Chions Audio-Vision, in 2007 the documentary Murch premiered at the San Francisco International Film Festival, which centered on Murch and his thoughts on filmmaking. In 2012, Murchs translations of stories by the Italian writer Curzio Malaparte were published as The Bird That Swallowed Its Cage. Murch directed just one film in his career, the fantasy Return to Oz in 1985. After the film failed at the box office, he never directed another film again, while he was editing directly on film, Murch took notice of the crude splicing used for the daily rough-cuts. In response, he invented a modification which concealed the splice by using extremely narrow, in 1979, he won an Oscar for the sound mix of Apocalypse Now as well as a nomination for picture editing. The movie was the first multi-channel film to be mixed using a mixing board
25.
Return to Oz
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Return to Oz is a 1985 fantasy adventure film directed and written by Walter Murch, an editor and sound designer, co-written by Gill Dennis and produced by Paul Maslansky. It stars Nicol Williamson as the rock creature Nome King, Jean Marsh as Princess Mombi, Piper Laurie as Aunt Em, Matt Clark as Uncle Henry and introduces Fairuza Balk as Dorothy Gale. It is loosely based on L. Frank Baums Oz novels, mainly The Marvelous Land of Oz and Ozma of Oz, yet is set six months after the events of the first novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz took place. Although it is not a sequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz, it does borrow a few elements from it. Upon her second arrival, Dorothy, alongside her pet chicken Billina, befriend a group of new companions, including Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, together they set out on a quest to save Oz and restore it to its former glory. Murch was interested in making another Oz story, while Disney had a long failed history of producing an adaptation of Baums novels dating back to the 1930s. Disney bought the rights to his novels in the 1950s, after Return to Oz, Disney lost the film rights to the Oz novels, and they were subsequently reverted to the public domain. However, Return to Oz performed well outside the U. S and is considered by fans as a faithful adaptation of the book series than the 1939 classic. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects, in October 1899, six months after returning home from the Land of Oz, Dorothy Gale is melancholic. Her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry take her to Dr. Worley, known for his electrotherapy treatments, during a thunderstorm, the lab suffers a blackout and Dorothy is saved by a mysterious girl. They escape with Nurse Wilson in pursuit, and fall into a river, Dorothy clambers aboard a chicken coop, but the other girl appears to have vanished underwater. Upon awakening, Dorothy finds herself back in Oz with her chicken Billina and they find the Emerald City in ruins and its citizens turned to stone. Pursued by Wheelers, Dorothy and Billina hide in a room accessed by a glyph key Billina earlier had found and they meet a mechanical man, Tik-Tok, who explains that King Scarecrow has been captured by the Nome King, who is responsible for the Emerald Citys destruction. The three visit princess Mombi in hopes of getting information, but she is working with the Nome King. Dorothy, Billina, and Tik-Tok meet Jack Pumpkinhead, who explains he was brought to life via Mombis Powder of Life. Dorothy uses the Powder of Life to vivify the Gump, the head of an animal whose body they put together using two sofas, palm leaves, a broom, and rope. Using the Gump as transport, the escapes and flies across the Deadly Desert to reach the Nome Kings mountain. In his underground domain, the Nome King tells Dorothy that the Scarecrow stole the emeralds from him to build the Emerald City and he does not listen when Dorothy protests that the emeralds preceded the Scarecrow at the city
26.
The English Patient (film)
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He questions the patient, who gradually reveals his past. The patient tells Hana and Caravaggio that, in the late 1930s and their expedition is joined by a British couple, Geoffrey and Katharine Clifton. Katharine and Almásy have an affair, which she abruptly ends, the explorers find and document the Cave of Swimmers and the surrounding area until they are stopped due to the onset of the war. Madox leaves his Tiger Moth plane at Kufra oasis before returning to England, while Almásy is packing up their base camp, Geoffrey, in attempted murder-suicide, deliberately crashes his plane, narrowly missing Almásy. Geoffrey is killed instantly, Katharine is seriously injured, Almásy carries her to the cave, leaving her with provisions, and begins a three-day walk to get help. At British-held El Tag he attempts to explain the situation, but is detained as a possible German spy and he escapes from the train and trades the Geographical Society maps to the Germans for gasoline. He finds Madoxs Tiger Moth and flies back to the cave, as he flies himself and Katharines body away, they are shot down by German anti-aircraft guns. Katharines body is not recovered, Almásy is badly burned but is rescued by a Bedouin, after he has related the story, Almásy asks Hana for a lethal dose of morphine, she complies and reads Katharines final journal entries to him as he dies. She and Caravaggio leave the monastery for Florence, saul Zaentz was interested in working with Anthony Minghella after he saw the directors film Truly, Madly, Deeply, Minghella brought this project to the producers attention. Michael Ondaatje, the Sri Lankan-born Canadian author of the novel, during the development of the project with 20th Century Fox, according to Minghella, the studio wanted the insurance policy of so-called bigger actors. Zaentz recalled, they’d look at you and say, ‘Could we cast Demi Moore in the role, not until Miramax Films took over was the directors preference for Scott Thomas accepted. The film was shot on location in Tunisia and Italy, with a production budget of $31 million. The Conversations, Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film by Michael Ondaatje is based on the conversations between the author and film editor, once he began, the possibilities became apparent, some of which took him away from the order of the original script. A reel without sound was made so scene change visuals would be consistent with the quality of the aural aspect between the two, the final cut features over 40 temporal transitions. It was during this time that Murch met Ondaatje and they were able to exchange thoughts about editing the film, two types of aircraft are used in the film, a De Havilland D. H.82 Tiger Moth and a Boeing-Stearman Model 75. The camp crash scene was made with a scale model. The film has a Certified Fresh rating of 84% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 75 reviews, though it suffers from excessive length and ambition, director Minghellas adaptation of the Michael Ondaatje novel is complex, powerful, and moving. The film also has a rating of 87% on Metacritic, indicating universal acclaim, chicago Sun Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film a 4/4 rating, saying its the kind of movie you can see twice – first for the questions, the second time for the answers
27.
Robert Wise
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Robert Earl Wise was an American film director, producer and editor. He won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture for both West Side Story and The Sound of Music and he was also nominated for Best Film Editing for Citizen Kane and directed and produced The Sand Pebbles, which was nominated for Best Picture. Among his other films are The Body Snatcher, Born to Kill, The Set-Up, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Destination Gobi, This Could Be The Night, Run Silent, Run Deep, I Want to Live. The Haunting, The Andromeda Strain, The Hindenburg and Star Trek, Wise was the president of the Directors Guild of America from 1971 to 1975 and the president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences from 1984 through 1987. Wise achieved critical success as a director in a variety of film genres, horror, noir, western, war, science fiction, musical and drama. Wises meticulous preparation may have been motivated by studio budget constraints. Robert Wise received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1998, Wise was born in Winchester, Randolph County, Indiana, the youngest son of Olive R. and Earl W. Wise, a meat packer. The family moved to Connersville, Fayette County, Indiana, where Wise attended public schools, as a youth Wises favorite pastime was going to the movies. As a student at Connersville High School, Wise wrote humor and sports columns for the newspaper and was a member of the yearbook staff. Wise initially sought a career in journalism and following graduation from high school attended Franklin College, Wises older brother, David, who had gone to Hollywood several years earlier and worked at RKO Pictures, found his younger brother a job in the shipping department at RKO. Wise worked odd jobs at the studio before moving into editing, Wise began his movie career at RKO as a sound and music editor. In the 1930s, RKO was a small, budget-minded studio with a work ethic and willingness to take artistic risks. At RKO, Wise became an assistant to T. K, wood, the studios head sound-effects editor. Wises first screen credit was a short subject called A Trip through Fijiland. As Wise gained experience, he became interested in editing film content, rather than sound. Wises first film as Hamiltons assistant was Alfred Santells Winterset, Wise continued to work with Hamilton on other films, including Stage Door, Careful, Having Wonderful Time and The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle. In The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Fifth Avenue Girl, Hamilton and Wise, as assistant film editor, Wises first solo film editing work was on Bachelor Mother and My Favorite Wife. At RKO, Wise worked with Orson Welles on Citizen Kane and was nominated for the Academy Award for Film Editing, Wise was the films last living crew member
28.
Body and Soul (1947 film)
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Body and Soul is a 1947 American film noir directed by Robert Rossen, and features John Garfield, Lilli Palmer, Hazel Brooks, Anne Revere and William Conrad. Charley Davis, against the wishes of his mother, becomes a boxer, as he becomes more successful the fighter becomes surrounded by shady characters, including an unethical promoter named Roberts, who tempts the man with a number of vices. Charley finds himself faced with difficult choices. Film critic Dennis Schwartz discussed that the film had a definite point of view. Garfield is seen as a victim of the capitalistic system that fixes everything including athletic events. Its the kind of liberalism that was common in the made in the 1930s. Its more a film about corruption and the presence of violence everywhere in America rather than a boxing film. TV Guides review notes The fight sequences, in particular, brought a kind of realism to the genre that had never before existed, francis Lyon and Robert Parrish won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing. John Garfield was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role, the film was voted as the Greatest Boxing Movie Ever in 2014 by the Houston Boxing Hall Of Fame
29.
Hal Ashby
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Hal Ashby was an American film director and editor associated with the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. Ashby received a third Oscar nomination, this time for Best Director for Coming Home, other films directed by Ashby include The Landlord, Harold and Maude, The Last Detail, Shampoo, Bound for Glory and Being There. Born William Hal Ashby in Ogden, Utah, he grew up in a Mormon household, the son of Eileen Ireta and James Thomas Ashby, a dairy owner. His tumultuous childhood as part of a dysfunctional family included the divorce of his parents, his fathers suicide, Ashby was married and divorced by the time he was 19. As Ashby was entering adult life, he moved from Utah to California where he became an assistant film editor. He edited the black comedy The Loved One which was released in 1965, at the urging of producer Norman Jewison, Ashby directed his first film The Landlord in 1970. In 1970 he married actress Joan Marshall, over the next 16 years, Ashby directed several acclaimed and popular films, many were about outsiders and adventurers traversing the pathways of life. Ashbys greatest commercial success was the aforementioned Warren Beatty vehicle Shampoo, Bound for Glory, a muted biography of Woody Guthrie starring David Carradine, was the first film to utilize the Steadicam. Aside from Shampoo, Ashbys most commercially successful film was the Vietnam War drama Coming Home, starring Jane Fonda and Jon Voight, both in Academy Award-winning performances, it was for this film that Ashby earned his only Best Director nomination from the Academy for his work. Because of his critical and commercial success, shortly after the success of Coming Home, Ashby was able to form a company, Northstar. After Being There, Ashby became notoriously reclusive and eccentric, retreating to his home in Malibu Colony, later it was learned that Ashby was using drugs, and he slowly became difficult and unemployable. Shortly thereafter, Ashby—a longtime Rolling Stones fan—accompanied the group on their 1981 American tour, the occupational hazards of the road were too much for Ashby, who collapsed before a show at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. Although the film was critically acclaimed it had limited theatrical release, the Sluggers Wife, with a screenplay written by Neil Simon, continued the losing streak. Remaining defiant in his squabbles with producers and Simon, Ashby was eventually fired in the stages of production. Ashby died on December 27,1988 at his home in Malibu, the Last Detail, Bound for Glory, Coming Home, and Being There were all nominated for the Palme dOr. American songwriter and guitarist Guthrie Thomas, who coordinated the music in Bound for Glory and acted in the film, the moving image collection of Hal Ashby is held at the Academy Film Archive. The material at the Academy Film Archive is also complemented by material in the Hal Ashby papers at the Academy’s Margaret Herrick Library
30.
In the Heat of the Night (film)
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In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 American mystery drama film directed by Norman Jewison. The movie changes various details found in the book from relatively minor ones to more major and it stars Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, and was produced by Walter Mirisch. The screenplay was by Stirling Silliphant, the film won five Academy Awards, including the 1967 awards for Best Picture and Rod Steiger for Best Actor. The film was followed by two sequels, They Call Me Mister Tibbs. in 1970, and The Organization in 1971, in 1988, it also became the basis of a television series adaptation of the same name. Although the film was set in the fictional Mississippi town of Sparta, part of the movie was filmed in Sparta, Illinois, where many of the films landmarks can still be seen. The quote They call me Mister Tibbs. was listed as number 16 on the American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Movie Quotes, a list of top film quotes. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, phillip Colbert, a wealthy industrialist from Chicago, is constructing a factory in Sparta, Mississippi. One night in September 1966, when driving back into town after a meeting at the home of one of Spartas leading citizens, Eric Endicott. His body is found on the pavement at the front of an entrance onto Main Street by Police Officer Sam Wood at about 3,30 a. m. Police Chief Bill Gillespie arrives on the scene where the body has been discovered, a local undertaker and a freelance photographer have been summoned to the scene to assist the police with their investigation. At the town depot, Wood finds a black man, Virgil Tibbs. Officer Wood immediately arrests him, cursorily searches him, and finds more than $200 in cash in his wallet, Wood takes him into the Sparta police station, where he presents him to Gillespie. Prejudiced against blacks, Gillespie jumps to the conclusion that he has his culprit, but he is embarrassed to learn that Tibbs is a police officer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania who happens to make more money in a week than Gillespie does in a month. Gillespie phones Tibbs chief to confirm the story, the chief informs Gillespie that Tibbs is his top homicide investigator and recommends that Tibbs stay and assist the investigation. Tibbs wants nothing more than to leave as quickly as possible, but as Tibbs prepares to head back to the train station, Gillespie swallows his pride and asks for help. She threatens to stop construction on the much needed factory unless Tibbs leads the investigation, unwilling to accept help, but under orders from the towns mayor, Gillespie talks a reluctant Tibbs into working on the case. Despite the rocky start to their relationship, the two policemen are compelled to respect each other as they are forced to work together to solve the crime, Tibbs initially suspects wealthy plantation owner Eric Endicott, a racist who publicly opposes the new factory. When Tibbs attempts to interrogate Endicott about Colbert, Endicott slaps him in the face, but Tibbs slaps him back, which leads to Endicott sending a gang of hooligans after Tibbs
31.
Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)
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Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography, the film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction. It was directed by Robert Wise, Rocky Graziano has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures, after his release, he is drafted by the U. S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, while working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sisters friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, a person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether, when he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, the film was also notable for being one of Paul Newmans first starring roles and for being one of the first films in which Steve McQueen appeared. It also marked the debuts of Frank Campanella, Robert Loggia, Angela Cartwright. Perry Comos version of the song, Somebody Up There Likes Me, is played over the opening and closing credits. According to MGM records, the film earned $1,915,000 in the US and Canada and $1,445,000 elsewhere, the film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2006, AFIs 100 Years
32.
I Want to Live!
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It stars Susan Hayward as Graham, and also features Simon Oakland, Stafford Repp, and Theodore Bikel. The movie was adapted from letters written by Graham and newspaper articles written by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ed Montgomery and it presents a somewhat fictionalized version of the case showing a possibility of innocence concerning Graham. Today, the charge would be known as felony murder, the film earned six Oscar nominations, with Hayward winning a Best Actress Oscar at the 31st Academy Awards. The film tells the story of the life and execution of Barbara Graham, Graham is the product of a broken home, and works luring men into fixed card games. At one point, she attempts to go straight but marries the wrong man and he is a drug addict and she ends their relationship. When her life falls apart, she returns to her former professions, the police arrest them, and her companions accuse her of the murder to reduce their own chances of going to the gas chamber. She claims her innocence, but is convicted and executed, a prologue and epilogue contributed to the film by Montgomery characterize the films content — which largely portrays Graham as innocent of the murder — as factual. But there was evidence of Grahams complicity in the crime which included her taped confession to an undercover officer. Hollywood writer Robert Osborne, who became the host of Turner Classic Movies, interviewed Hayward. The film earned a net profit of $2,455,570 and she had no hesitation about indulging in any form of crime or vice that promised excitement on her own, rather mean, terms. Hayward brings off this complex characterization, Simon Oakland, as Montgomery, who first crucified Barbara Graham in print and then attempted to undo what he had done, underplays his role with assurance. From a loose and wise-cracking B-girl she moves onto levels of disdain and then plunges down to depths of terror. Except that the role does not present us a precisely pretty character, gene Blake, the reporter who covered the actual murder trial for the Los Angeles Daily Mirror, called the movie a dramatic and eloquent piece of propaganda for the abolition of the death penalty. In 2009, the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that out of eleven reviews of the film were positive. Wins New York Film Critics Circle Awards, NYFCC Award, Best Actress, Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Actress in a Leading Role, Susan Hayward,1958. Golden Globes, Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture Actress - Drama, Susan Hayward,1959 Mar del Plata Film Festival, Best Actress, nominations Directors Guild of America, DGA Award, Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures, Robert Wise,1959. Nelson Gidding and Don Mankiewicz,1958, Golden Globes, Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture - Drama, Best Motion Picture Director, Robert Wise,1959. Grammy Awards, Grammy, Best Soundtrack Album, Dramatic Picture Score or Original Cast, writers Guild of America, WGA Award, Best Written American Drama, Nelson Gidding and Don Mankiewicz,1959
33.
West Side Story (film)
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West Side Story is a 1961 American musical-romantic drama film directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins. The film is an adaptation of the 1957 Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was inspired by William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet. It stars Natalie Wood, Richard Beymer, Russ Tamblyn, Rita Moreno, and George Chakiris, and was photographed by Daniel L. Fapp, A. S. C. in Super Panavision 70. Released on October 18,1961 through United Artists, the film received praise from critics and the public. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won 10, including Best Picture, after a brawl erupts, Lieutenant Schrank and Officer Krupke arrive and break it up. The Jets decide to challenge the Sharks to a rumble at a dance for neighborhood control. Riff decides that his best friend Tony, the co-founder of the Jets who left the gang, Riff invites Tony to the dance, but Tony is uninterested. He tells Riff that he senses something important will happen, which Riff suggests could have a correlation with the dance, Bernardos younger sister, Maria, tells her best friend and Bernardos girlfriend, Anita, how excited she is about the dance. At the dance, the gangs and girls refuse to intermingle, Tony arrives and he and Maria fall in love. However, Bernardo angrily demands Tony to stay away from her, Riff proposes a meeting with Bernardo at Docs drug store. Maria is sent home, Anita argues that Bernardo is overprotective of Maria and they compare the advantages of Puerto Rico, Tony discreetly visits Maria on her fire escape, where they reaffirm their love. Krupke, who suspects the Jets are planning something, visits them, when the Sharks arrive, both groups agree to have the showdown the following evening under the highway, with a one-on-one fist fight. When Schrank arrives, the gangs feign friendship, Schrank orders the Sharks out and unsuccessfully tries to get the Jets to divulge the location of the fight. The next day at the shop, Anita accidentally tells Maria about the rumble. Tony arrives to see Maria, which shocks Anita and they profess their love and Anita warns them about the consequences if Bernardo learns of their relationship. Maria has Tony promise to prevent the rumble, Tony and Maria fantasize about their wedding ceremony. The Jets and Sharks approach the area under the highway, Tony arrives to stop the fight, but Bernardo antagonizes him. Unwilling to watch Tony be humiliated, Riff initiates a knife fight, Tony tries to intervene, which leads to Bernardo killing Riff
34.
The Sound of Music (film)
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The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise, and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The film is an adaptation of the 1959 Broadway musical The Sound of Music, the films screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman, adapted from the stage musicals book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. The film was released on March 2,1965 in the United States, although critical response to the film was widely mixed, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the number one box office movie after four weeks, and the highest-grossing film of 1965. By November 1966, The Sound of Music had become the film of all-time—surpassing Gone with the Wind—and held that distinction for five years. The film was just as throughout the world, breaking previous box-office records in twenty-nine countries. The Sound of Music received five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, in 1998, the American Film Institute listed The Sound of Music as the fifty-fifth greatest American movie of all time, and the fourth greatest movie musical. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it culturally, historically, Maria is a free-spirited young Austrian woman studying to become a nun at Nonnberg Abbey in Salzburg in 1938. Her love of music and the mountains, her enthusiasm and imagination. The Captain has been raising his children alone using strict military discipline following the death of his first wife, although the children misbehave at first, Maria responds with kindness and patience, and soon the children come to trust and respect her. While the Captain is away in Vienna, Maria makes play clothes for the children and takes them around Salzburg and the surrounding mountains, and she teaches them how to sing. Displeased by his childrens clothes and activities, and Marias impassioned appeal that he get closer to his children, just then he hears singing coming from inside the house and is astonished to see his children singing for the Baroness. Filled with emotion, the Captain joins his children, singing for the first time in years, afterwards, he apologizes to Maria and asks her to stay. He does agree, however, to organize a party at the villa. The night of the party, while guests in formal attire waltz in the ballroom, Maria, when the Captain notices Maria teaching Kurt the traditional Ländler folk dance, he cuts in and partners with Maria in a graceful performance, culminating in a close embrace. Confused about her feelings, Maria blushes and breaks away, later, the Baroness, who noticed the Captains attraction to Maria, hides her jealousy while convincing Maria that she must return to the abbey. Back at the abbey, when Mother Abbess learns that Maria has stayed in seclusion to avoid her feelings for the Captain, after Maria returns to the villa, she learns about the Captains engagement to the Baroness and agrees to stay until they find a replacement governess. The Captains feelings for Maria, however, have not changed, while they are on their honeymoon, Max enters the children in the Salzburg Festival against their fathers wishes. Strongly opposed to the Nazis and the Anschluss, the Captain tells his family they must leave Austria immediately and that night, as the von Trapp family attempt to leave, they are stopped by a group of Brownshirts waiting outside the villa
35.
The Sand Pebbles (film)
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The Sand Pebbles is a 1966 American film directed by Robert Wise. It tells the story of an independent, rebellious U. S. Navy machinists mate, the film features Steve McQueen, Richard Attenborough, Richard Crenna, Candice Bergen, Mako, Simon Oakland, Larry Gates, and Marayat Andriane. Robert Anderson adapted the screenplay from the 1962 novel of the name by Richard McKenna. The Sand Pebbles was a critical and commercial success at its general release and it was nominated for eight Academy Awards and eight Golden Globe Awards, with Attenborough winning the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor. In 1926, Machinists Mate First Class Jake Holman transfers to the Yangtze River Patrol gunboat USS San Pablo, the ship is nicknamed the Sand Pebble and its sailors Sand Pebbles. The officers have hired coolies to do most of the work, because he takes an interest in mechanical work, Holman involves himself directly in the operation and maintenance of the ships engine. As a result, the engine room coolie, Chien, is insulted. Holman also earns the antipathy of most of his fellow sailors and he does become close friends with one seasoned, sensitive seaman, Frenchy. Holman eventually discovers a problem with a crank bearing that the superstitious coolies. Holman informs the captain, Lieutenant Collins, who declines to repair it, only after the executive officer declares an emergency does the angry Collins acquiesce. Chien insists on taking Holmans place to make the repair and is accidentally killed, the chief coolie, Lop-eye Shing, blames Holman, believing that the ghost in the machine killed Chien. As a replacement for Chien, Holman selects Po-Han, and trains him, in time, the two become friends. Po-Han is harassed by a large, heavy-drinking, bullying sailor named Stawski, Holman is in the corner of his friend Po-Han, who ends up winning. His victory leads to friction between Holman and the rest of the crew. The boat is prepared and disembarks. Collins attempts to buy Po-Hans release, but without success, Po-Han begs for someone to kill him. Holman disobeys orders and ends Po-Hans torture with a rifle shot, the San Pablo is moored on the Xiang River at Changsha, due to low water levels, during the winter of 1926–27. It must deal with hostile crowds surrounding it in numerous smaller boats
36.
The Andromeda Strain (film)
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The Andromeda Strain is a 1971 American science fiction film produced and directed by Robert Wise. With a few exceptions, the film follows the book closely, the special effects were designed by Douglas Trumbull. The film is notable for its use of screen in certain scenes. Two crewmembers of the U. S. governments Project Scoop investigate the town of Piedmont, New Mexico and they find townspeople dead in the streets while reporting back to Scoop Mission Control. Suspecting the satellite may have brought back an extraterrestrial pathogen, Scoop Mission Control activates an elite team it had previously recruited for just this type of emergency. Nobel laureate Dr. Jeremy Stone, the leader, and Dr. Mark Hall, the team surgeon, are dropped in Piedmont by helicopter. They find the doctor, who died after opening the satellite out of curiosity. Hall cuts open the corpse and finds that all of his blood has clotted and turned to powder. Stone and Hall retrieve Scoop 7 and find two survivors — a 62-year-old man and an infant, the entire team of four core research scientists, including Dr. Charles Dutton and Dr. Before decontamination, Hall is informed that the nuclear device has been armed. He is entrusted with a key to disarm the bomb from designated substations within that window, the team enters the facility under the impression that Piedmont has already been sterilized by a nuclear bomb. The team begins to experiment on the agent inside Scoop 7 and discovers that it is transmitted by air, kills lab animals instantly, and is too large to be a virus. After searching the satellite with a microscope, they discover the agent responsible for the deaths. It receives the code name Andromeda, while most of the team studies the agent in an attempt to figure out how it works, Hall tries to find a cure by figuring out why the old man and the baby survived. Both Hall and his assistant work in encapsulating suits while in the contaminated hot room. By analyzing their patients blood and conferring with Peter Jackson, they discover that he has abnormally acidic blood from drinking Squeeze to relieve his stomach ulcer, No anomalies are found in the baby. Meanwhile, a jet pilot, flying over Piedmont at high altitude. He then loses consciousness and crashes, the military inspects the wreck and finds that the pilots flesh has dissolved, leaving only bones
