Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase . It catalyzes the following reaction:ATP = 3′,5′-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
Adenylate cyclase (calmodulin sensitive) trimer, Bacillus anthracis Epinephrine binds its receptor, that associates with a heterotrimeric G protein. The G protein associates with adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP, spreading the signal.
Beta adrenergic receptor kinase pathway
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers. Second messengers trigger physiological changes at cellular level such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, apoptosis and depolarization.
General Schematic of Second Messenger Mechanism