Al-Andalus
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Al-Andalus refers to the various Muslim ruled territories on the Iberian Peninsula that existed between 711 and 1492. At its height, it covered the entirety of Spain and Portugal, as well as parts of
19th-century portrait of Abd al-Rahman I, from Estoria de España
Interior of the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, the former Great Mosque built by Abd ar-Rahman I in 785, later expanded by his successors
Abd al-Rahman III receiving John of Gorze, ambassador of Otto I, at the Medina Azahara, by Dionisio Baixeras Verdaguer, 1885
A silk textile fragment from the last Muslim dynasty of Al-Andalus, the Nasrid Dynasty (1232–1492), with the epigraphic inscription "glory to our lord the Sultan".
Umayyad state of Córdoba
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The Emirate of Córdoba, and from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula, the Bale
Al-Andalus
…of Granada. As a political domain, it successively constituted a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph al-Walid I (711–750); the Emirate of Córdoba (c. 750–929); the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031); the first taifa kingdoms (1009–1110); the Almoravid Empire (1085–1145); the second taifa period…
Almanzor's troops, as represented in the Cantigas de Santa Maria. The chamberlain carried out wide-ranging military reforms.
Gold dinar of Hisham II, dated 396 AH (1006–7 CE)
The Pyxis of al-Mughira, a carved ivory casket made at Madinat al-Zahra dated to 968