Abū Ja'far Abdallah ibn Aḥmad al-Qādir, better known by his regnal name al-Qā'im bi-amri 'llāh or simply as al-Qā'im; 8 November 1001 – 3 April 1075, was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1031 to 107

Abuʾl-Ḥārith Arslān al-Muẓaffar al-Basāsīrī was a Turkoman slave-soldier who rose to become a military commander of the Buwayhid dynasty in Iraq. When the Seljuks ousted the Buwayhids in 1055, he tran