1.
Martin Heidegger
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Martin Heidegger was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics. According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he is acknowledged to be one of the most original. His first and best known book, Being and Time, though unfinished, is one of the philosophical works of the 20th century. Heidegger approached the question through an inquiry into the being that has an understanding of Being, and asks the question about it, namely, Human being, for Heidegger thinking is thinking about things originally discovered in our everyday practical engagements. The consequence of this is that our capacity to think cannot be the most central quality of our being because thinking is a reflecting upon this more original way of discovering the world. Heideggers later work includes criticisms of technologys instrumentalist understanding in the Western tradition as enframing, treating all of Nature as a reserve on call for human purposes. Heidegger was born in rural Meßkirch, Germany, the son of Johanna, raised a Roman Catholic, he was the son of the sexton of the village church that adhered to the First Vatican Council of 1870, which was observed mainly by the poorer class of Meßkirch. Heidegger was short and sinewy, with piercing eyes. He enjoyed outdoor pursuits, being proficient at skiing. In the two following, he worked first as an unsalaried Privatdozent. He served as a soldier during the year of World War I, working behind a desk. During the 1930s, critics of Heideggers espousal of a Nazi-style rhetoric of martial manliness noted the unheroic nature of his service in WWI, in 1923, Heidegger was elected to an extraordinary Professorship in Philosophy at the University of Marburg. His colleagues there included Rudolf Bultmann, Nicolai Hartmann, and Paul Natorp, Heideggers students at Marburg included Hans-Georg Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Karl Löwith, Gerhard Krüger, Leo Strauss, Jacob Klein, Gunther Anders, and Hans Jonas. Following on from Aristotle, he began to develop in his lectures the main theme of his philosophy, the question of the sense of being. He extended the concept of subject to the dimension of history and concrete existence, which he found prefigured in such Christian thinkers as Saint Paul, Augustine of Hippo, Luther and he also read the works of Dilthey, Husserl, and Max Scheler. In 1927, Heidegger published his main work Sein und Zeit, when Husserl retired as Professor of Philosophy in 1928, Heidegger accepted Freiburgs election to be his successor, in spite of a counter-offer by Marburg. Heidegger remained at Freiburg im Breisgau for the rest of his life, declining a number of later offers and his students at Freiburg included Arendt, Günther Anders, Hans Jonas, Karl Löwith, Charles Malik, Herbert Marcuse and Ernst Nolte. Emmanuel Levinas attended his lecture courses during his stay in Freiburg in 1928, Heidegger was elected rector of the University on 21 April 1933, and joined the National Socialist German Workers Party on 1 May
2.
Truth
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Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard. Truth may also often be used in modern contexts to refer to an idea of truth to self, the commonly understood opposite of truth is falsehood, which, correspondingly, can also take on a logical, factual, or ethical meaning. The concept of truth is discussed and debated in several contexts, including philosophy, art, Some philosophers view the concept of truth as basic, and unable to be explained in any terms that are more easily understood than the concept of truth itself. Commonly, truth is viewed as the correspondence of language or thought to an independent reality, other philosophers take this common meaning to be secondary and derivative. On this view, the conception of truth as correctness is a derivation from the concepts original essence. Various theories and views of truth continue to be debated among scholars, philosophers, language and words are a means by which humans convey information to one another and the method used to determine what is a truth is termed a criterion of truth. The English word truth is derived from Old English tríewþ, tréowþ, trýwþ, Middle English trewþe, cognate to Old High German triuwida, like troth, it is a -th nominalisation of the adjective true. Old Norse trú, faith, word of honour, religious faith, thus, truth involves both the quality of faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, sincerity, veracity, and that of agreement with fact or reality, in Anglo-Saxon expressed by sōþ. All Germanic languages besides English have introduced a distinction between truth fidelity and truth factuality. To express factuality, North Germanic opted for nouns derived from sanna to assert, affirm, while continental West Germanic opted for continuations of wâra faith, trust, pact. Romance languages use terms following the Latin veritas, while the Greek aletheia, Russian pravda, each presents perspectives that are widely shared by published scholars. However, the theories are not universally accepted. More recently developed deflationary or minimalist theories of truth have emerged as competitors to the substantive theories. Minimalist reasoning centres around the notion that the application of a term like true to a statement does not assert anything significant about it, for instance, anything about its nature. Minimalist reasoning realises truth as a label utilised in general discourse to express agreement, to stress claims, correspondence theories emphasise that true beliefs and true statements correspond to the actual state of affairs. This type of theory stresses a relationship between thoughts or statements on one hand, and things or objects on the other and it is a traditional model tracing its origins to ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. This class of theories holds that the truth or the falsity of a representation is determined in principle entirely by how it relates to things, Aquinas also restated the theory as, A judgment is said to be true when it conforms to the external reality. Many modern theorists have stated that this ideal cannot be achieved without analysing additional factors, for example, language plays a role in that all languages have words to represent concepts that are virtually undefined in other languages
3.
Ancient Greek
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Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is often divided into the Archaic period, Classical period. It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek, the language of the Hellenistic phase is known as Koine. Koine is regarded as a historical stage of its own, although in its earliest form it closely resembled Attic Greek. Prior to the Koine period, Greek of the classic and earlier periods included several regional dialects, Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical phases of the language, Ancient Greek was a pluricentric language, divided into many dialects. The main dialect groups are Attic and Ionic, Aeolic, Arcadocypriot, some dialects are found in standardized literary forms used in literature, while others are attested only in inscriptions. There are also several historical forms, homeric Greek is a literary form of Archaic Greek used in the epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey, and in later poems by other authors. Homeric Greek had significant differences in grammar and pronunciation from Classical Attic, the origins, early form and development of the Hellenic language family are not well understood because of a lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common Proto-Indo-European language and the Classical period and they have the same general outline, but differ in some of the detail. The invasion would not be Dorian unless the invaders had some relationship to the historical Dorians. The invasion is known to have displaced population to the later Attic-Ionic regions, the Greeks of this period believed there were three major divisions of all Greek people—Dorians, Aeolians, and Ionians, each with their own defining and distinctive dialects. Often non-west is called East Greek, Arcadocypriot apparently descended more closely from the Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age. Boeotian had come under a strong Northwest Greek influence, and can in some respects be considered a transitional dialect, thessalian likewise had come under Northwest Greek influence, though to a lesser degree. Most of the dialect sub-groups listed above had further subdivisions, generally equivalent to a city-state and its surrounding territory, Doric notably had several intermediate divisions as well, into Island Doric, Southern Peloponnesus Doric, and Northern Peloponnesus Doric. The Lesbian dialect was Aeolic Greek and this dialect slowly replaced most of the older dialects, although Doric dialect has survived in the Tsakonian language, which is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of Demotic Greek, by about the 6th century AD, the Koine had slowly metamorphosized into Medieval Greek
4.
Evidence
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Evidence, broadly construed, is anything presented in support of an assertion. This support may be strong or weak, the strongest type of evidence is that which provides direct proof of the truth of an assertion. At the other extreme is evidence that is consistent with an assertion but does not rule out other, contradictory assertions. In law, rules of evidence govern the types of evidence that are admissible in a legal proceeding, types of legal evidence include testimony, documentary evidence, and physical evidence. The parts of a case which are not in controversy are known, in general. Beyond any facts that are undisputed, a judge or jury is usually tasked with being a trier of fact for the issues of a case. Evidence and rules are used to decide questions of fact that are disputed, Evidence in certain cases must be more compelling than in other situations, which drastically affects the quality and quantity of evidence necessary to decide a case. In philosophy, the study of evidence is tied to epistemology. The burden of proof is the obligation of a party in an argument or dispute to provide sufficient evidence to shift the other partys or a third partys belief from their initial position, the burden of proof must be fulfilled by both establishing confirming evidence and negating oppositional evidence. Conclusions drawn from evidence may be subject to criticism based on a failure to fulfill the burden of proof. Two principal considerations are, On whom does the burden of proof rest, to what degree of certitude must the assertion be supported. The latter question depends on the nature of the point under contention, in a criminal trial in the United States, for example, the prosecution carries the burden of proof since the defendant is presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Similarly, in most civil procedures, the plaintiff carries the burden of proof, other legal standards of proof include reasonable suspicion, probable cause, prima facie evidence, credible evidence, substantial evidence, and clear and convincing evidence. In a philosophical debate, there is a burden of proof on the party asserting a claim. Each party in a debate will therefore carry the burden of proof for any assertion they make in the argument, although some assertions may be granted by the other party without further evidence. If the debate is set up as a resolution to be supported by one side and refuted by another, in scientific research evidence is accumulated through observations of phenomena that occur in the natural world, or which are created as experiments in a laboratory or other controlled conditions. Scientific evidence usually goes towards supporting or rejecting a hypothesis, one must always remember that the burden of proof is on the person making a contentious claim. Within science, this translates to the burden resting on presenters of a paper and this paper is placed before a panel of judges where the presenter must defend the thesis against all challenges
5.
The Origin of the Work of Art
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The Origin of the Work of Art is an essay by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. Heidegger drafted the text between 1935 and 1937, reworking it for publication in 1950 and again in 1960, in The Origin of the Work of Art Heidegger explains the essence of art in terms of the concepts of being and truth. He argues that art is not only a way of expressing the element of truth in a culture, works of art are not merely representations of the way things are, but actually produce a communitys shared understanding. Each time a new artwork is added to any culture, the meaning of what it is to exist is inherently changed, Heidegger begins his essay with the question of what the source of a work of art is. The artwork and the artist, he explains, exist in a dynamic where each appears to be a provider of the other, nevertheless, neither is the sole support of the other. Art, a separate from both work and creator, thus exists as the source for them both. Rather than control lying with the artist, art becomes a force that uses the creator for arts own purposes, likewise, the resulting work must be considered in the context of the world in which it exists, not that of its artist. In discovering the essence, however, the problem of the hermeneutic circle arises. Applied to art and artwork, we find that without knowledge of the essence of art, we grasp the essence of the artwork. Heidegger concludes that to hold of this circle you either have to define the essence of art or of the artwork. Artworks, Heidegger contends, are things, a definition that raises the question of the meaning of a thing and this is a broad concept, so Heidegger chooses to focus on three dominant interpretations of things, Things as substances with properties, or as bearers of traits. Things as the manifold of sense perceptions, the third interpretation is the most dominant, but is derived from equipment, This long familiar mode of thought preconceives all immediate experience of beings. The preconception shackles reflection on the Being of any given being and this was actually typical of Heidegger as he often chose to study shoes and shoe maker shops as an example for the analysis of a culture. What world do they open up and belong to, in this way we can get beyond correspondence theories of truth which posit truth as the correspondence of representations to reality. Next, Heidegger writes of arts ability to set up a struggle between Earth and World. World represents meaning which is disclosed, not merely the sum of all that is ready-to-hand for one being but rather the web of significant relations in which Dasein, or human being, exist. So a family unit could be a world, or a path could be a world. Earth means something like the background against which every meaningful worlding emerges, both are necessary components for an artwork to function, each serving unique purposes
6.
Henry Liddell
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Lewis Carroll wrote Alices Adventures in Wonderland for Henry Liddells daughter Alice. Liddell received his education at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford and he gained a double first degree in 1833, then became a college tutor, and was ordained in 1838. Liddell was Headmaster of Westminster School from 1846 to 1855, meanwhile, his life work, the great lexicon, which he and Robert Scott began as early as 1834, had made good progress, and the first edition of Liddell and Scotts Lexicon appeared in 1843. It immediately became the standard Greek–English dictionary, with the 8th edition published in 1897, as Headmaster of Westminster Liddell enjoyed a period of great success, followed by trouble due to the outbreak of fever and cholera in the school. In 1855 he accepted the deanery of Christ Church, Oxford, in the same year he brought out his History of Ancient Rome and took a very active part in the first Oxford University Commission. His tall figure, fine presence and aristocratic mien were for years associated with all that was characteristic of Oxford life. In 1859 Liddell welcomed the then Prince of Wales when he matriculated at Christ Church, while he was Dean of Christ Church, he arranged for the building of a new choir school and classrooms for the staff and pupils of Christ Church Cathedral School on its present site. Before then the school was housed within Christ Church itself, in July 1846, Liddell married Miss Lorina Reeve, with whom he had several children, including Alice Liddell of Lewis Carroll fame. In conjunction with Sir Henry Acland, Liddell did much to encourage the study of art at Oxford, in 1891, owing to advancing years, he resigned the deanery. The last years of his life were spent at Ascot, where he died on 18 January 1898, Two roads in Ascot, Liddell Way and Carroll Crescent honour the relationship between Henry Liddell and Lewis Carroll. Liddell was an Oxford character in later years and he figures in contemporary undergraduate doggerel, I am the Dean, this Mrs Liddell. She plays first, I, second fiddle and she is the Broad, I am the High – We are the University. The Victorian journalist, George W. E and his father was Henry Liddell, Rector of Easington, the younger son of Sir Henry Liddell, 5th Baronet and the former Elizabeth Steele. His fathers elder brother, Sir Thomas Liddell, 6th Baronet, was raised to the Peerage as Baron Ravensworth in 1821 and his mother was the former Charlotte Lyon, a daughter of Thomas Lyon and the former Mary Wren. On 2 July 1846, Henry married Lorina Reeve and they were parents of ten children, Edward Harry Liddell. Alice Pleasance Liddell, for whom the story of the childrens classic Alices Adventures in Wonderland was originally told, rhoda Caroline Anne Liddell, she was invested as an Officer, Order of the British Empire in 1920. Albert Edward Arthur Liddell, he died in infancy, violet Constance Liddell, she was invested as a Member, Order of the British Empire in 1920. Sir Frederick Francis Liddell, First Parliamentary Counsel and Ecclesiastical Commissioner, lionel Charles Liddell, he was British Consul to Lyons and Copenhagen
7.
Lethe
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In Greek mythology, Lethe /ˈliːθi/ was one of the five rivers of the underworld of Hades. Also known as the Ameles potamos, the Lethe flowed around the cave of Hypnos and through the Underworld, Lethe was also the name of the Greek spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, with whom the river was often identified. In Classical Greek, the word literally means oblivion, forgetfulness. It is related to the Greek word for truth, aletheia, Lethe, the river of forgetfulness, was one of the five rivers of the Greek underworld, the other four being Styx, Acheron, Cocytus and Phlegethon. According to Statius, it bordered Elysium, the resting place of the virtuous. Ovid wrote that the flowed through the cave of Hypnos, god of sleep. The shades of the dead were required to drink the waters of the Lethe in order to forget their earthly life, in the Aeneid, Virgil writes that it is only when the dead have had their memories erased by the Lethe that they may be reincarnated. Lethe was also the name of the personification of forgetfulness and oblivion, some ancient Greeks believed that souls were made to drink from the river before being reincarnated, so they would not remember their past lives. The Myth of Er in Book X of Platos Republic tells of the dead arriving at a waste called the plain of Lethe. Of this they were all obliged to drink a certain quantity, Plato wrote, and those who were not saved by wisdom drank more than was necessary, and each one as he drank forgot all things. A few mystery religions taught the existence of river, the Mnemosyne. Initiates were taught that they would receive a choice of rivers to drink from after death and these two rivers are attested in several verse inscriptions on gold plates dating to the 4th century BC and onward, found at Thurii in Southern Italy and elsewhere throughout the Greek world. There were rivers of Lethe and Mnemosyne at the shrine of Trophonius in Boeotia. More recently, Martin Heidegger used lēthē to symbolize the concealment of Being or forgetting of Being that he saw as a problem of modern philosophy. Examples are found in his books on Nietzsche and on Parmenides, many ancient Greek poems mention or describe Lethe. The river is referenced in more recent novels and poetry. Simonides of Ceos, an ancient Greek lyrical poet, references Lethe in the fragment of one of his poems. Publius Ovidius Naso, known as Ovid, in his description of the Underworld in his Metamorphoses, includes a description of Lethe as a stream that puts people to sleep
8.
Ontology
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Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence or reality as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Although ontology as an enterprise is highly hypothetical, it also has practical application in information science and technology. Some philosophers, notably of the Platonic school, contend that all refer to existent entities. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities, between these poles of realism and nominalism, stand a variety of other positions. An ontology may give an account of which refer to entities, which do not, why. Principal questions of ontology include, What can be said to exist, into what categories, if any, can we sort existing things. What are the meanings of being, what are the various modes of being of entities. Various philosophers have provided different answers to these questions, one common approach involves dividing the extant subjects and predicates into groups called categories. Such an understanding of ontological categories, however, is merely taxonomic, what does it mean for a being to be. Is existence a genus or general class that is divided up by specific differences. Which entities, if any, are fundamental, how do the properties of an object relate to the object itself. What features are the essential, as opposed to merely accidental attributes of a given object, how many levels of existence or ontological levels are there. Can one give an account of what it means to say that an object exists. Can one give an account of what it means to say that an entity exists. What constitutes the identity of an object, when does an object go out of existence, as opposed to merely changing. Do beings exist other than in the modes of objectivity and subjectivity, i. e. is the subject/object split of modern philosophy inevitable. e. Being, that which is, which is the present participle of the verb εἰμί, eimí, i. e. to be, I am, and -λογία, -logia, i. e. logical discourse. The first occurrence in English of ontology as recorded by the OED came in a work by Gideon Harvey, Archelogia philosophica nova, or, New principles of Philosophy
9.
Heideggerian terminology
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Martin Heidegger, the 20th-century German philosopher, produced a large body of work that intended a profound change of direction for philosophy. Such was the depth of change that he found it necessary to introduce a number of neologisms, often connected to idiomatic words. Two of his most basic neologisms, present-at-hand and ready-to-hand, are used to describe various attitudes toward things in the world, for Heidegger, such attitudes are prior to, i. e. more basic than, the various sciences of the individual items in the world. Science itself is an attitude, one that attempts a kind of neutral investigation, other related terms are also explained below. Heideggers overall analysis is quite involved, taking in a lot of the history of philosophy, see Being and Time for a description of his overall project, and to give some context to these technical terms. It is closely related to the notion of world disclosure, the way in which things get their sense as part of a structured, pre-interpreted background of meaning. Initially, Heidegger wanted aletheia to stand for a definition of truth. However, he corrected the association of aletheia with truth. It is a statement that covers up meaning and just gives us something as present-at-hand, however, the real ready-to-hand meaning and context may be lost. Nor are there objects without some consciousness beholding or being involved with them, at the most basic level of being-in-the-world, Heidegger notes that there is always a mood, a mood that assails us in our unreflecting devotion to the world. A mood comes neither from the outside nor from the inside, One may turn away from a mood but that is only to another mood, it is part of our facticity. Only with a mood are we permitted to encounter things in the world, Dasein has an openness to the world that is constituted by the attunement of a mood or state of mind. As such, Dasein is a projection, projecting itself onto the possibilities that lie before it or may be hidden. Such projecting has nothing to do with comporting oneself toward a plan that has been thought out and it is not a plan, since Dasein has, as Dasein, already projected itself. Dasein always understands itself in terms of possibilities, as projecting, the understanding of Dasein is its possibilities as possibilities. Heideggerian terminology refers to a process of growing through the world where a certain foresight guides the Dasein towards gaining an authentic perspective and it is provided by dread or death. In the analysis of time, it is revealed as a condition of Being. Time, the present and the notion of the eternal, are modes of temporality, temporality is the way we see time
10.
Veritas
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In Roman mythology, Veritas, meaning truth, was the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn and the mother of Virtus. It was believed that she hid in the bottom of a well because she was so elusive. Her image is shown as a young virgin dressed in white, Veritas is also the name given to the Roman virtue of truthfulness, which was considered one of the main virtues any good Roman should possess. In Greek mythology, Veritas is known as Aletheia and is the daughter of Zeus, Veritas was often depicted nude, holding a hand mirror. In Western culture, it may serve as a motto. This Latin word veritas now appears in the mottos of many colleges and universities and it is typically capitalized in mottos for being an ideal. Additionally, the Buckley School of the City of New York employs the phrase Honor et Veritas as their school motto, the University of Indonesia included Veritas in Veritas, Probitas, Iustitia as their motto. University of Cape Coast in Ghana also included Veritas in Veritas Nobis Lumen, University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong also included Veritas in sapientia et virtus. Caldwell College in Caldwell, New Jersey issues a Veritas Award each year in honor of the Dominican Sisters who founded, Veritas is included in the motto of Indiana University and Yale University, Lux et Veritas. It also appears on the California State Universitys motto Vox Veritas Vita, Veritas vos liberabit is the motto of The Johns Hopkins University. Veritas Curat is the motto of the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, howard University, in Washington, D. C. goes by the motto Veritas et Utilitas, translated to Truth and Service. It also exists in the logo of Seoul National University, Korea, villanova University also uses Veritas in its school motto, Veritas, Unitas, Caritas. Uppsala University in Sweden also uses Veritas in its school motto, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the U. S. Navys primary counterintelligence arm and law enforcement agency, uses the motto on its official seal
11.
Ecstasy (philosophy)
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Ecstasy is a term used in Ancient Greek, Christian and Existential philosophy. The different traditions using the concept have radically different perspectives, according to Plotinus, ecstasy is the culmination of human possibility. He contrasted emanation from the One—on the one hand—with ecstasy or reversion back to the One—on the other. This is a form of ecstasy described as the vision of, or union with, among the Christian mystics, Bernard of Clairvaux, Meister Eckhart and Teresa of Ávila had mystical experiences of ecstasy, or talked about ecstatic visions of God. The term is used in philosophy usually to mean outside-itself. Ones consciousness, for example, is not self-enclosed, as one can be conscious of an Other person, in a sense consciousness is usually, outside itself, in that its object is not itself. This is in contrast to the term enstasis which means from standing-within-oneself which relates to contemplation from the perspective of a speculator and this understanding of enstasis gives way to the example of the use of the ecstasy as that one can be outside of oneself with time. In temporalizing, each of the following, the past, the future and the present are the outside of itself of each other. The term ecstasy has been used in this sense by Martin Heidegger who, in his Being and Time of 1927, argued that our being-in-the-world is usually focused toward some person, task, or the past. Telling someone to remain in the present could then be self-contradictory, if the present only emerged as the outside itself of future possibilities, emmanuel Levinas disagreed with Heideggers position regarding ecstasy and existential temporality from the perspective of the experience of insomnia. Levinas talked of the Other in terms of insomnia and wakefulness and he emphasized the absolute otherness of the Other and established a social relationship between the Other and ones self. Furthermore, he asserted that ecstasy, or exteriority toward the Other, forever remains beyond any attempt at full capture and this infiniteness of the Other would allow Levinas to derive other aspects of philosophy as secondary to this ethic. The others concern me from the first, here fraternity precedes the commonness of a genus. My relationship with the Other as neighbor gives meaning to my relations with all the others and these may include epiphany, intense consciousness toward another, or extraordinary physical connections to others. Phenomenology Existentialism Face-to-face Noumenon Hypostasis Theoria Ousia Being Ontology Absolute
12.
Thrownness
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Thrownness is a concept introduced by German philosopher Martin Heidegger to describe humans individual existences as being thrown into the world. Geworfen denotes the arbitrary or inscrutable nature of Dasein that connects the past with the present, the past, through Being-toward-Death, becomes a part of Dasein. The very fact of ones own existence is a manifestation of thrown-ness, how can we account for this freedom. It is simply a fact, not caused or grounded, but the condition of all causation, for William J. Richardson, Geworfenheit must be understood in a purely ontological sense as wishing to signify the matter-of-fact character of human finitude. Thats why thrownness is the best English word for Geworfenheit, Richardson, attractive translations such as abandon, dereliction, dejection, etc. are too rich with ontic, anthropological connotations. We retain thrown-ness as closest to the original and, perhaps, such a connection had been picked up by The Doors in a verse of their song Riders on the Storm, Into this world were thrown / Like a dog without a bone. In 2009, Simon Critchley dedicated his column on The Guardian to Heideggers concept of thrownness, facticity in Heidegger Dahlstrom, Daniel O. Thrownness. A Translation of Sein und Zeit, mcdonough, Richard M. Martin Heideggers Being and Time. A guide to Heideggers Being and time, glossary of Terms in Being and Time
