Parmenides of Elea was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia.
Bust of Parmenides discovered at Velia, thought to have been partially modeled on a Metrodorus bust
Greek vase with runners at the panathenaic games, c. 530 BC. In Plato's [fictional] dialogue, Parmenides and Zeno debate a young Socrates during these games c. 450 BC.
Greek Charioteer. Bas-relief from the last quarter of the 6th century BC, Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
Helios and the Night. Lekythos from black-figure pottery from 4th century BC depicts Helios, ascending in his chariot, Night, receding to the left and Eos to the right.
Heraclitus was an ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Persian Empire. He exerts a wide influence on Western philosophy, both ancient and modern,
Bust No 3. of the Hall of Philosophers, Capitoline Museum, identified as Heraclitus
Theater in Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor, birthplace of Heraclitus
A modern miniature model of the Ephesian Temple of Artemis, located in modern Istanbul. According to Diogenes Laertius, Heraclitus deposited his book in the temple.
Heraclitus's writing style has been compared to a sibyl, as depicted here by Domenichino.