Alfred Dreyfus was a French Army officer best known for his central role in the Dreyfus affair. In 1894, Dreyfus fell victim to a judicial conspiracy that eventually sparked a major political crisis i
Dreyfus c. 1894
An 1899 painting of Dreyfus by Jean Baptiste Guth published in Vanity Fair
A sculpture of Alfred Dreyfus in Tel Aviv
Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of t
Alfred Dreyfus
…political life and highlighting antisemitism in the French army and government. After numerous judicial and political developments, the publication of Émile Zola's manifesto J'Accuse...! in 1898 brought new momentum to Dreyfus' cause. Zola accused French military and political leadership of covering up the affair…
Zola early in his career, c. 1865.
Paul Cézanne, Paul Alexis Reading to Émile Zola, 1869–1870, São Paulo Museum of Art
Captioned "French Realism", caricature of Zola in the London magazine Vanity Fair, 1880