Algebra
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Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that
The word algebra comes from the title of al-Khwarizmi's book Al-Jabr.
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus from ancient Egypt, dated c. 1650 BCE, is one of the earliest documents discussing algebraic problems.
An imaginary portrait of Al-Khwarizmi, derived from a Soviet stamp
Garrett Birkhoff developed many of the foundational concepts of universal algebra.
Al-Khwarizmi
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Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, or simply al-Khwarizmi was a mathematician active during the Islamic Golden Age, who produced Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Around 820
Algebra
…Algebraic methods were first studied in the ancient period to solve specific problems in fields like geometry. This changed in the 9th century with Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, who systematized algebra as an independent mathematical discipline, distinct from geometry. Early mathematicians described equations and their solutions…
Statue in Madrid, erected in 2020
Algorists vs. abacists, depicted in an etching from 1503 CE
Gravure originale du compas parfait par Abū Sahl al Qūhī