1.
Birmingham
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Birmingham is a major city and metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England lying on the River Rea, a small river that runs through Birmingham. It is the largest and most populous British city outside London, the city is in the West Midlands Built-up Area, the third most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,440,986 at the 2011 census. Birminghams metropolitan area is the second most populous in the UK with a population of 3.8 million and this also makes Birmingham the 8th most populous metropolitan area in Europe. By 1791 it was being hailed as the first manufacturing town in the world, perhaps the most important invention in British history, the industrial steam engine, was invented in Birmingham. From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943, Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz. The damage done to the infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive demolition. Today Birminghams economy is dominated by the service sector and its metropolitan economy is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $121. 1bn, and its six universities make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London. Birmingham is the fourth-most visited city in the UK by foreign visitors, Birminghams sporting heritage can be felt worldwide, with the concept of the Football League and lawn tennis both originating from the city. Its most successful football club Aston Villa has won seven league titles, people from Birmingham are called Brummies, a term derived from the citys nickname of Brum. This originates from the citys name, Brummagem, which may in turn have been derived from one of the citys earlier names. There is a distinctive Brummie accent and dialect, Birminghams early history is that of a remote and marginal area. The main centres of population, power and wealth in the pre-industrial English Midlands lay in the fertile and accessible river valleys of the Trent, the Severn and the Avon. The area of modern Birmingham lay in between, on the upland Birmingham Plateau and within the wooded and sparsely populated Forest of Arden. Birmingham as a settlement dates from the Anglo-Saxon era, within a century of the charter Birmingham had grown into a prosperous urban centre of merchants and craftsmen. By 1327 it was the third-largest town in Warwickshire, a position it would retain for the next 200 years, by 1700 Birminghams population had increased fifteenfold and the town was the fifth-largest in England and Wales. The importance of the manufacture of goods to Birminghams economy was recognised as early as 1538. Equally significant was the emerging role as a centre for the iron merchants who organised finance, supplied raw materials. The 18th century saw this tradition of free-thinking and collaboration blossom into the phenomenon now known as the Midlands Enlightenment
2.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
3.
Reggae
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Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A1968 single by Toots and the Maytals Do the Reggay was the first popular song to use the word reggae, effectively naming the genre, Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as ‘Rudie Blues’, then ‘Ska’, later ‘Blue Beat’ and it is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady, from the latter, stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues, jazz, mento, calypso, African music, as well as other genres. One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms, staccato chords played by a guitar or piano on the offbeats of the measure, the tempo of reggae is usually slower than ska but faster than rocksteady. The concept of call and response can be found throughout reggae music, the genre of reggae music is led by the drum and bass. The bass guitar often plays the dominant role in reggae, the bass sound in reggae is thick and heavy, and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies emphasized. The guitar in reggae usually plays on the off beat of the rhythm and it is common for reggae to be sung in Jamaican Patois, Jamaican English, and Iyaric dialects. Reggae is noted for its tradition of criticism and religion in its lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, such as love. Reggae has spread to countries across the world, often incorporating local instruments. Reggae en Español spread from the mainland South America countries of Venezuela, Caribbean music in the United Kingdom, including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, and has evolved into several subgenres and fusions. Many reggae artists began their careers in the UK, and there have been a number of European artists and bands drawing their inspiration directly from Jamaica, Reggae in Africa was boosted by the visit of Bob Marley to Zimbabwe in 1980. In Jamaica, authentic reggae is one of the biggest sources of income, the 1967 edition of the Dictionary of Jamaican English lists reggae as a recently estab. Sp. for rege, as in rege-rege, a word that can mean either rags, ragged clothing or a quarrel, a row. Reggae as a term first appeared in print with the 1968 rocksteady hit Do the Reggay by The Maytals which named the genre of Reggae for the world. Reggae historian Steve Barrow credits Clancy Eccles with altering the Jamaican patois word streggae into reggae, however, Toots Hibbert said, Theres a word we used to use in Jamaica called streggae. If a girl is walking and the look at her and say Man, shes streggae it means she dont dress well
4.
Cooking Vinyl
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Cooking Vinyl is a UK-based independent record company, founded in 1986 by former manager and booking agent Martin Goldschmidt and business partner Pete Lawrence. Goldschmidt remains the current owner and managing director, the company is based in Acton, London. Established in 1986, Cooking Vinyl has developed a reputation as one of Europes most innovative independent labels, key to the companys longevity is its emphasis on artist-driven deals with its pioneering introduction of bespoke services-only contracts that claim no stake in artists copyrights. The first such deal drawn up in 1993 with Billy Bragg who has since re-signed to the label a total of seven times, as for recent years,2015 and 2016 were remarkable for the label, described by Uncut magazine “a template for modern independent record companies”. After topping the charts in 2015 with The Prodigy’s “The Day is My Enemy”, both records qualified for a silver disc in the UK. This same year, Richard Ashcroft reached the UK top 3 with “These People”, in these years, Cooking Vinyl Australia notched up a number 1 album with Parkway Drive, and top 5 entries with City and Colour and Kate Miller-Heidke. In 1986 Cooking Vinyl famously recorded a live performance around a campfire at a folk festival by the singer Michelle Shocked. One of its first releases, Cooking Vinyl released the recording as The Campfire Tapes, as well as its more traditional royalty agreements, Cooking Vinyl is widely regarded as a pioneer of ‘artist services’ deals where the artist retains ownership of the copyrights. The company’s first such deal came in 1993 with a reissue of Billy Braggs Back To Basics compilation, since then, Bragg has re-signed to Cooking Vinyl a total of six times, most recently in 2013 for the release of studio album Tooth And Nail. Cooking Vinyl has consistently been in the forefront of the digital revolution and it was the first European label to do a deal with the MP3 download site eMusic and the first to enter negotiations with the peer to peer file-sharing company Kazaa. In 2005 Cooking Vinyl set up its own distribution company, Uploader. Who were in turn bought by The Orchard, Cooking Vinyl has had international success from the start with Michelle Shocked The Texas Campfire Tapes selling 250,000 worldwide. Other notable releases include the Cowboy Junkies Trinity Sessions and Ryan Adams debut solo studio album Heartbreaker in 2000, the album was funded through a high-profile Kickstarter campaign that raised over $1.2 million in 30 days. Another notable campaign from that year was the release of Marilyn Manson’s Born Villain under a partnership between Mansons own label Hell, etc. and Cooking Vinyl. The album was a success charting at #5 in Germany, #10 in the US. Across the rest of Europe the album peaked at #4 in Austria, #6 in France, in the UK Manson reached #14 in the Official Albums Chart and #1 in the UK Rock Albums Chart. Cooking Vinyl is noted for its long relationships with many of its artists, the Pixies Charles Thompson was signed in 2000 and has had 17 releases to date with the label as Frank Black and Black Francis. Since 1994, former Doll By Doll man Jackie Leven has had 23 releases, RED, the Sony Music UK artist and label services division, announced the acquisition of Essential Music and Marketing in March 2016
5.
UB40
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UB40 are an English reggae and pop band, formed in December 1978 in Birmingham, England. The band has had more than 50 singles in the UK Singles Chart and they have been nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album four times, and in 1984 were nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Group. One of the worlds best-selling music artists, UB40 have sold over 70 million records, the ethnic make-up of the bands original line-up was diverse, with musicians of English, Irish, Jamaican, Scottish and Yemeni parentage. Their hit singles include their debut Food for Thought and two Billboard Hot 100 number ones with Red Red Wine and Cant Help Falling in Love, both of these also topped the UK Singles Chart, as did the bands version of I Got You Babe. Their two most successful albums, Labour of Love and Promises and Lies, reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. The bands line-up was stable for nearly 29 years, from March 1979 until January 2008, another member, Astro, remained with the band until November 2013, when he departed the original band to team up with Campbell and Virtue in a new version of UB40. In 2014, legal advice was sought by the band against the group containing Campbell, Virtue. The band members began as friends who each other from various schools across Birmingham. The name UB40 was selected in reference to the document issued to people claiming unemployment benefit from the UK governments Department of Employment at the time of the bands formation. The designation UB40 stood for Unemployment Benefit, Form 40, following a serious assault on Ali Campbell, he received a hefty compensation package which he put towards funding musical instruments for the fledgling band members. They were soon joined by several of their friends, firstly percussionists Yomi Babayemi and Norman Hassan, prior to this, Travers had work as an electrical apprentice for NG Bailey, whilst Robin Campbell had been an apprentice toolmaker. A month later UB40s classic lineup was rounded out with the inclusion of percussionist and vocalist Astro, Astro had previously been working for Duke Alloys sound system attending reggae dances in Birmingham. Before some of them could play their instruments, Ali Campbell and Brian Travers travelled around Birmingham promoting the band and their sound was created and honed through many long jam sessions at various locations in Birmingham. Their first gig took place on 9 February 1979 at The Hare & Hounds Pub in Kings Heath and this was commemorated in October 2011 by the unveiling of a plaque at the venue, indicating the band receiving the Performing Rights Societys Music Heritage Award. UB40 caught their first break when Chrissie Hynde saw them at a pub and gave them an opportunity as an act to her band. UB40s first single, King/Food for Thought was released on Graduate Records and it reached No.4 on the UK Singles Chart. The title of their first album, Signing Off, indicates the band was signing off from, or ending and it was recorded in a bedsit in Birmingham and was produced by Bob Lamb. Norman Hassan said of the recording, if you stripped my track down and this is because his tracks were recorded outside in the garden
6.
New Zealand's Got Talent
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New Zealands Got Talent is a New Zealand reality television show which premiered in 2008. The show is based on the Got Talent series format that originated from Americas Got Talent, the show originally screened on Prime for one series before being dropped. TV One later revived the show, with series produced in 2012 and 2013, the original line-up on Prime included Andrew Mulligan and Jason Reeves as hosts, with Miriama Smith, Paul Ellis and Richard Driver as judges. After the show was revived in 2012, the show was presented by Tamati Coffey, with Ali Campbell, Rachel Hunter, choreographer Cris Judd replaced Campbell for the shows 2013 series. Three judges appear on the show each week to provide feedback for the contestants, in 2008, New Zealand broadcaster Prime Television launched a local version of the hit international show. The hosts were TV presenter Andrew Mulligan and radio host Jason Reeves, with actress Miriama Smith, former NZ Idol judge Paul Ellis, the series had a top prize of NZ$100,000. The first episode went on air on 8 September 2008, despite good ratings for the network, Prime was unable to outrun costs and decided not to renew the series for another season. Toyota was confirmed to be the foundation partner, TVNZ confirmed a third series would be produced in 2013. Tamati Coffey returned as host, and Jason Kerrison and Rachel Hunter returned as judges, the series began on 8 September 2008 on Prime and ended on 29 October 2008. It was produced by South Pacific Pictures, starting 29 September, the live semi-finals started aired on Monday nights, with the results show on Tuesday nights. The top two finalists were dancer Chaz Cummings and musical group TMC, with Chaz Cummings eventually becoming the winner of the first series of New Zealands Got Talent, series two ran from 9 September 2012 and ended on 2 December 2012. Episodes were pre-recorded and broadcast on Sunday evenings at 7. 30pm, in February 2012, TVNZ announced that a new local version of the show was in the early stages of production and would screen on TV One. Broadcast funding agency NZ On Air committed to $1.6 million in funding to the new show, the series was hosted by Tamati Coffey, with Ali Campbell, Rachel Hunter, and Jason Kerrison as the judges. The series was won by 15-year-old singer-songwriter Clara van Wel from Blenheim who performed her own song Where Do You Find Love, 11-year-old singer Jessie Hillel from Wellington was the runner-up, with 17-year-old singer-songwriter Evan Sinton from Auckland in third place. In November 2012, TVNZ confirmed the show would return for a series in 2013. Applications for the 2013 series also opened in November, series three premiered on 15 September 2013. Host Tamai Coffey and judges Rachel Hunter and Jason Kerrison returned to the series, NZ On Air funded $800,000 towards the series, a 50% reduction from the 2012 series production. NZ On Air noted that any series would not be eligible for funding
7.
Sibling
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A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common. A male sibling is a brother, and a sibling is a sister. In most societies throughout the world, siblings often grow up together, the emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family. However, there are cases where siblings grow up in separate homes and it is known that both nature and nurture figure in development, researchers are attempting to ascertain just which one plays the larger role. Identical twins share 100% of their DNA, full siblings are first-degree relatives and, on average, share 50% of their genes out of those that vary among humans. Half-siblings are second-degree relatives and have, on average, a 25% overlap in their genetic variation. Full siblings have the same parents and are 50% related. Identical twins by definition are 100% related, there are two types of twins, identical and fraternal. Identical twins have exactly the same genes, fraternal twins are no more similar than regular siblings, often, twins with a close relationship will develop a twin language from infanthood, a language only shared and understood between the two. Studies suggest that identical twins appear to display more twin talk than fraternal twins, at about 3 years of age, twin talk usually ends. Researchers were interested in subjects who were in the years of life. They knew that past studies suggested that genetics played a role in ones personality in the earlier years of their life. However, they were curious about whether or not this was later on in life. They gathered subjects with an age of 59, who included 99 pairs of identical twins. They also gathered twins who were reared together,160 pairs of identical twins and they studied the most heritable traits in regard to personality, which are emotionality, activity level and sociability, also known as EAS. This study found that identical twins resembled each other twice as much as fraternal twins, furthermore, environment influences personality substantially, however, it has little to do with whether they are reared together or apart. This study also suggests that heritability is substantial, but not as substantial as for younger subjects, half-siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers, or they may have the same father and they share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related
8.
Duncan Campbell (UB40)
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Duncan Campbell is an English musician and current lead singer of the reggae band, UB40. He joined the band in 2008 after the departure of his brother Ali Campbell, Campbell was born in Birmingham on 3 April 1958. He is the brother of former UB40 lead singer Ali Campbell and current bandmate Robin Campbell, Campbell sang in a harmony group with his brothers as children and performed with their father on stage. He also recorded an album in Jamaica for his brother Alis record label. He was a professional spoon player, I was the only professional spoon player in the country registered with the Musicians Union – until they registered me as a vocalist, said Campbell. He also worked as a manager in Barbados, ran a fish and chip shop in Perth, Australia. On 24 January 2008, UB40 lead singer Ali Campbell announced that he was leaving the band after a dispute with the management, on 30 April 2008 UB40 unveiled Duncan as their new lead singer. Duncan was offered the position of the singer in 1978. However, he turned it down at the time, and said that he wouldnt get the chance in another 30 years, Ali Campbell was disappointed but didnt object to him joining UB40. When asked why he did not join UB40 in 1978, he joked because they were crap, in 2014, Ali formed a rival version of UB40 with Astro and Mickey Virtue. He said of his brothers singing, I sat back for five years and watched my brother Duncan murdering my songs
9.
Red, Red Wine
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Red Red Wine is a song written, performed and originally recorded by American singer Neil Diamond in 1967, included on Neils second studio album, Just for You. The lyrics are sung from the perspective of someone who finds drinking red wine the way to forget his woes. For the Red Red Wine single, Bang added a choir without Neils involvement or permission. Diamonds version reached number sixty-two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1968, a live version was released on Diamonds The Greatest Hits but the 1968 single version has never been issued on a vinyl album or CD. The song was covered by several artists shortly after Diamonds recording was released, in 1968 the Dutch singer Peter Tetteroo had a hit with a cover of the song in The Netherlands. Tony Tribe covered the song in 1969 in a reggae-influenced style, fourteen years later, UB40 recorded it in 1983 in a lighter reggae style, a version which topped the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. Diamond later performed a UB40-inspired version of the song on tour, UB40 recorded their rendition for their album of cover versions, Labour of Love. According to the band, they were familiar with Tony Tribes version. In 1988, the song was re-released as a single in the U. S. this time including the toast from Astro as he performed it at the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Concert a few prior to its release. The single climbed to one on the Billboard Hot 100. In September 2014 the Official Charts Company announced that sales in the UK had reached 1 million, songwriter Neil Diamond has stated that it is one of his favourite covers of his songs. Diamond frequently performs the song using the UB40 reggae arrangement as opposed to the original version. Swedish group Tom & Mick & Maniacs released their version of the song in 1967 and this appears to be the first recorded version of the song. Jimmy James and The Vagabonds released a version the same year as Diamonds version. In 1968 singer Peter Tetteroo, of Dutch beat group Tee Set, the song was also covered in 1969 by singer Charles Mann. In 1970, a remake by Vic Dana became a minor Billboard Hot 100 hit, peaking at number 72 and reached number 30 on the Adult Contemporary chart. In early 1972, singer Roy Drusky enjoyed a top 20 hit with his version, reaching number 17 in Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, the Hobos included the song on their 2004 double studio album, Radio Jah Jah. Red Red Wine was also performed by Peter Tetteroo, former singer of Tee Set, the song has also been performed by Cas Haley along with UB40 on the last episode of the season 2 show Americas Got Talent
10.
Uganda
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Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, Uganda is the worlds second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region, Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate. Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a portion of the south of the country. The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, beginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the British, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962, luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, and Luo. The president of Uganda is Yoweri Museveni, who came to power in January 1986 after a protracted guerrilla war. The ancestors of the Ugandans were hunter-gatherers until 1, 700-2,300 years ago, Bantu-speaking populations, who were probably from central Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the country. According to oral tradition, the Empire of Kitara covered an important part of the lakes area, from the northern lakes Albert and Kyoga to the southern lakes Victoria. Bunyoro-Kitara is claimed as the antecedent of the Buganda, Toro, Ankole, some Luo invaded the area of Bunyoro and assimilated with the Bantu there, establishing the Babiito dynasty of the current Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara. Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s and they were followed in the 1860s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile. British Anglican missionaries arrived in the kingdom of Buganda in 1877 and were followed by French Catholic missionaries in 1879, the British government chartered the Imperial British East Africa Company to negotiate trade agreements in the region beginning in 1888. From 1886, there were a series of wars in Buganda. Because of civil unrest and financial burdens, IBEAC claimed that it was unable to maintain their occupation in the region, in the 1890s,32,000 labourers from British India were recruited to East Africa under indentured labour contracts to construct the Uganda Railway. Most of the surviving Indians returned home, but 6,724 decided to remain in East Africa after the lines completion, subsequently, some became traders and took control of cotton ginning and sartorial retail. British naval ships unknowingly carried rats that contained the bubonic plague and these rats spread the disease throughout Uganda. From 1900 to 1920, a sleeping sickness epidemic in the part of Uganda, along the north shores of Lake Victoria
11.
The Equals
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The Equals were a British pop, R&B and rock group that formed in North London, England in 1965. They are mainly remembered for their million-selling chart-topper, Baby, Come Back, eddy Grant, at times sporting dyed blond hair, founded the group. Completing the original line-up were John Hall, Pat Lloyd, and twin brothers Derv, in 1965, the group began playing together on a Hornsey Rise council estate. The Equals released Hold Me Closer / Baby, Come Back single in 1966 and it did not do well in the United Kingdom, but went to the number one position in Germany and the Netherlands. On the songs re-issue in the UK, it reached the top position. In June 1969, the received a gold disc for a combined one million sales of the disc. The year 1968 saw the release of I Get So Excited, in September 1969, according to reports, all five group members were injured in a motorway car accident in Germany. A string of releases followed up to 1970, all of which charted in the UK. The group also attracted attention as one of the few racially integrated bands of the 1960s, at the beginning of 1971, Grant suffered a collapsed lung and heart infection, following which he returned to Guyana. He promptly left The Equals to pursue his solo career, in the late 1970s and early 1980s Grant released several Top 40 singles, including Living On The Front Line, Electric Avenue and Romancing the Stone. Grant also topped the UK Singles Chart in 1982 with I Dont Wanna Dance, although The Equals never charted again after Grants departure, they remained a popular live act, performing into the late 1970s. The Equals music has continued to be influential, in 1980, The Clash recorded a cover version of The Equals song Police On My Back. In 2006 Willie Nile released his cover of Police on My Back on his Streets of New York CD, the Equals song Green Light was covered by The Detroit Cobras, on their 2007 album, Tied & True. Pato Banton scored a UK number one with his cover Baby Come Back, chelsea Handler described a meeting with Pat Lloyd in chapter 6 of her book, Are You There, Vodka
12.
Baby, Come Back (The Equals song)
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Baby, Come Back is a song written by Eddy Grant, and originally performed and recorded by his band The Equals. The Equals were a group from North London, England, Baby, Come Back is a mixture of rock and roll and beat, very much reflecting the London sound of the 1960s. The song was first released in 1966, a year after the band formed, but did not chart. However, after impressive sales in the rest of Europe the song was re-issued in the UK on 1 May 1968, in all the song stayed in the UK Top 75 for 18 weeks. Eddy Grant himself released a new version of the song in 1984,1985 and 1989, the song was covered by Pato Banton in 1994 who was joined by Robin and Ali Campbell of UB40. This version was different from the original in that it was in a conventional, commercial reggae style. Baby Come Back by Pato Banton was a one hit single in the UK. It was released on 19 September 1994 and entered the UK Singles Chart for the week ending 1 October 1994 at No.16 and reached No.1 in its fifth week on the chart and it was the 4th biggest selling single of 1994 in the UK. In New Zealand, the song entered the chart on 30 October 1994 at No,3, then rose to No.2 the following week, before beginning a four-week reign at No.1 from 13 November to 4 December 1994. UK CD Single Baby Come Back -3,52 Baby Come Back -6,03 Niceness -5,40 Gwarn,4,21 Baby Come Back is the first 1993 single from Europop duo London Boys. The single was produced by Ralf René Maué, the single was released in Germany and Austria, peaking at #27 in Austria. This was the last single under the London Boys name with the next, a live version by Phil Seymour appears on his In Concert. Album Lyrics List of number-one singles from the 1960s List of number-one singles from the 1990s
13.
UK Albums Chart
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The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company on Fridays and it is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 and published in Music Week magazine, and on the OCC website. To qualify for the Official Albums Chart the album must be the correct length and it must be more than three tracks or 20 minutes long and not be classed as a budget album. A budget album costs between £0.50 and £3.75, additionally, various artist compilations – which until January 1989 were included in the main album listing – are now listed separately in a compilations chart. Full details of the rules can be found on the OCC website. In the 1970s the new chart was revealed at 12,45 pm on Thursdays on BBC Radio 1. Since October 1993 it has included in The Official Chart show from 4,00 –5,45 pm on Fridays. A weekly Album Chart show was licensed out to BBC Radio 2 and presented by Simon Mayo,2005 saw a record number of artist album sales with 126.2 million sold in the UK. In February 2015, it was announced that, due to the sales of albums and rise in popularity of audio streaming. Under the revised methodology, the Official Charts Company takes the 12 most streamed tracks from one album, the total of these streams is divided by 1000 and added to the pure sales of the album. This calculation was designed to ensure that the chart continues to reflect the popularity of the albums themselves. The final number one album on the UK Albums Chart to be based purely on sales alone was Smoke + Mirrors by Imagine Dragons, on 1 March 2015, In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith became the first album to top the new streaming-incorporated Official Albums Chart. The most successful artists in the charts depends on the criteria used, as of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at one, however, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks. The male solo artist with the most weeks at one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a solo artist and most top ten albums by any artist. Madonna has the most number one albums by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the Evita film soundtrack which was a cast recording, Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queens Greatest Hits is the album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014
14.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
15.
ITunes
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ITunes is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video on personal computers running the macOS, the iTunes Store is also available on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. Application software for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the App Store. ITunes 12.5 is the most recent major version of iTunes, available for Mac OS X v10.9.5 or later and Windows 7 or later, it was released on September 13,2016. ITunes 12.2 added Apple Music to the application, along with the Beats 1 radio station, soundJam MP, developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in 1998, was renamed iTunes when Apple purchased it in 2000. Jeff Robbin, Kincaid, and Dave Heller moved to Apple as part of the acquisition and they simplified SoundJams user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support. On January 9,2001, iTunes 1.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco, originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X when version 2.0 was released nine months later, which also added support for the original iPod. Version 3 dropped Mac OS9 support but added smart playlists, in April 2003, version 4.0 introduced the iTunes Store, in October, version 4.1 added support for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Introduced at Macworld 2005 with the new iPod Shuffle, Version 4.7, Version 7.0 introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September 2006. In March 2007, iTunes 7.1 added support for Windows Vista, iTunes lacked support for 64-bit versions of Windows until the 7.6 update on January 16,2008. ITunes is supported under any 64-bit version of Windows Vista, although the iTunes executable is still 32-bit, the 64-bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems. Version 8.0 added Genius playlists, grid view, iTunes 9 added Homeshare, enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved app synchronization abilities and it also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which provides additional media with an album. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD, both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript and CSS. iTunes acts as a front end for Apples QuickTime media framework. Officially, it is required in order to manage the data of an iPod, iPhone, or iPad. In addition, users are able to add PDF files to their library, the PDFs can be synchronized with and read on several devices except the regular iPod. iTunes 8.0 saw the removal of several options in the Preferences window. For example, iTunes once gave users the option to display arrows beside the selected songs title, artist, album and these arrows are no longer removable, except through the direct editing of a preferences file. ITunes keeps track of songs by creating a library, allowing users to access
16.
Opshop
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Opshop is a New Zealand rock band who formed in 2002. Their first album, You Are Here was released in 2004, Second album Second Hand Planet was released in 2007 and received Triple Platinum certification. It produced the single, One Day. Third album Until The End Of Time debuted at one on the New Zealand Album Charts in 2010. Opshop was formed by Invercargill born, Christchurch raised, singer/songwriter Jason Kerrison and he based himself in Auckland, writing music while at a residency in a backpackers bar. Growing tired of the shows, he invited guitarist and former school friend, Tim Skedden to join him and share the acoustic vibe that the club. The following year, Kerrison met up with another old Christchurch school mate - long time drummer Bobby Kennedy -, the bands name was GST, though it was soon changed to Opshop. Guitarist Matt Treacy was next to join, the band then recruited a friend of Jasons he had met while studying ethnomusicology at Auckland University. English-born Ian Munro became Opshops bass player, during the winter of 2003, Opshop were the winners of Project NZM, a competition on ZM radio station aimed at helping small bands make it big. Project NZM saw the song Saturated being given the song airplay on the ZM network, Siren offered Opshop an opportunity to record some of their material at York Street Studios in a live demo session. The following night, Opshop played their first ever performance alongside Che-Fu, in the weeks that followed, Siren approached Opshop with a deal that would provide both opportunity and artistic independence, alongside the distribution capabilities of major label Capitol/EMI. Opshop finished their debut album You Are Here in 2004 and their first single Nothing Can Wait was recorded by Malcolm Welsford at York St Studios. Their fourth single No Ordinary Thing got to number 22 in the New Zealand charts, the band went through major line-up changes, guitarist Tim Skedden had to leave the band due to family commitments and bass player Ian Munro decided to head back home to his native Britain. The two later joined group Gorilla Biscuit Jason Kerrison auditioned for television series Rock Star Supernova but was not selected for the finals, at the auditions, Tommy Lee, told him how much he loved band Snow Patrol, which inspired Jason when making 2007 album Second Hand Planet. In September 2007, Opshop supported Snow Patrol for the bands two New Zealand shows, while on tour with Luke Thompson in New Zealand in 2008, the band came up with a song for each place they visited on the day of the concert. In Auckland, they forgot the words to it and made it up on the spot, in April 2010 Opshop were voted New Zealands favourite band by readers of EDC magazine. Single Pins and Needles was released on 17 April 2010, with third album Until The End Of Time following in August 2010, on 1 May 2010, Opshop became the first New Zealand band to play 10 shows in 1 day to kick off New Zealand Music Month. The band played a variety of concerts around New Zealand with the help of Air New Zealand, in December 2013 Kerrison told newspaper The Dominion-Post that Opshop were taking a break for at least a year, maybe two, maybe longer than that
17.
Rachel Hunter
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Rachel Hunter is a New Zealand supermodel, actress and the host of Imagination Televisions Rachels Tour of Beauty. She has appeared on magazine covers, including Italian Vogue, Elle. She was on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 1994, Hunter was born in Glenfield, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. Her parents divorced when she was still a child, wanting to be a ballet dancer, she was diagnosed with a rare blood disease as a teenager, which curtailed her dancing ambitions. Hunter began her career at age 17, modeling in Australia and New Zealand, appearing in Australian Vogue, Harpers Bazaar, and for various campaigns throughout New Zealand and Australia. She was quickly snapped up by Ford Models and immediately embarked on a career, landing the Cover Girl cosmetics contract. Hunter rose to prominence after posing as a Sports Illustrated model in 1989. She subsequently appeared on covers, including Cosmopolitan and on the 1994 Dream Team cover of Sports Illustrateds annual swimsuit issue. Hunter also graced the cover of Vogue Italia, Australian Vogue, American and international editions of Elle, Hunter posed nude for a cover-featured Playboy pictorial published in April 2004. Hunter is signed to Ford Models in New York, Select Model Management in London, Hunter first appeared on television in the 1980s in an advertisement for Tip Tops Trumpet ice-cream. Hunter guest starred in a 1997 episode of The Drew Carey Show as herself and she has appeared in several independent films, including 1999s A Walk in the Park and 2000s Two Shades of Blue, an erotic thriller with Marlee Matlin. She stars as a lesbian cook doling out relationship advice in the indie film La Cucina. She had an appearance as a sexy soccer mom in Dennis Dugans The Benchwarmers and also played a sultry. Hunter appeared on a 2005 celebrity episode of Lingo, where she, Hunter is an ambassador to The Born Free Foundation, and established the Rachel Hunter Lowland Gorilla Fund. Hunter also appeared as herself in the 2004 Christmas Special of The Vicar of Dibley and she also starred in Confessions of a Go-Go Girl, The Perfect Assistant, the science fiction TV movies Piranhaconda and Swamp Volcano, aka Miami Magma. She appeared as a judge on New Zealands Got Talent from 2012 to 2013, in 2015, Hunter fronted her own television series titled Rachel Hunters Tour of Beauty for TV One where she traveled the world to discover what beauty meant in countries around the world. In the late 1980s Hunter lived with rock musician Kip Winger, at the age of 21, Hunter met rock star Rod Stewart,24 years her senior, and they were married on 15 December 1990. Together they have two children, Renee and Liam, but separated in January 1999 and their divorce was finalized on 2 November 2006
18.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
19.
Ivor Novello Awards
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The Ivor Novello Awards, named after the Cardiff-born entertainer Ivor Novello, are awards for songwriting and composing. They have been presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors since 1955, nicknamed The Ivors, the awards take place each May and are sponsored by PRS for Music. They are respected worldwide as the platform for recognising and rewarding Britain. The Ivors remain the only award ceremony in the calendar that is not influenced by publishers and record companies. The Award itself is a bronze sculpture of Euterpe, the muse of lyric poetry. In 2008 Amy Winehouse received three nominations for Ivors, including two nominations in the same category, in 2010, an Ivor was awarded for the first time to a video game soundtrack, the PS3 title, Killzone 2, composed by Joris de Man. Category, Ivor Novello Award winners List of Ivor Novello Award winners TheIvors. co. uk - Official website BASCA Bucks Music Group - Ivor Novello Awards
20.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
21.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
22.
Somethin' Stupid
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Somethin Stupid, also Something Stupid, is a song written by C. Carson Parks. It was originally recorded in 1966 by Parks and his wife Gaile Foote, as Carson, the song is best known for the 1967 version by Frank Sinatra and his daughter Nancy Sinatra, which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 2001, a version by British singer Robbie Williams. In the early 1960s, Carson Parks was a singer in Los Angeles. He was an member of The Easy Riders, and also performed with The Steeltown Three. In 1963, he formed the Greenwood County Singers, later known as The Greenwoods, before the Greenwoods disbanded, Parks and Foote married and, as Carson and Gaile, recorded an album in 1966 for Kapp Records, San Antonio Rose, which included the song Something Stupid. The recording was brought to the attention of Frank Sinatra. The most successful and best-known version of Somethin Stupid was issued in 1967 as a single by Nancy Sinatra and Frank Sinatra, Frank had played Parks recording to his daughters producer, Lee Hazlewood, who recalled He asked me, Do you like it. And I said, I love it, and if you dont sing it with Nancy and he said, Were gonna do it, book a studio. Their rendition was recorded on February 1,1967, al Casey played guitar on the recording and Hal Blaine was the drummer. Hazlewood and Jimmy Bowen were listed as the producers of the single, the single spent four weeks at number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and nine weeks atop the easy listening chart, becoming Franks second gold single as certified by the RIAA and Nancys third. It was the first and only instance of a father-daughter number-one song in America, Nancy Sinatra has said she thinks its very sweet that some people refer to it as the Incest Song. The single also reached number 1 on the UK Singles Chart the same year and it was also nominated for the Record Of The Year at the 10th Grammy Awards, losing to the 5th Dimensions upbeat hit song Up, Up And Away. British singer Robbie Williams recorded a version of Somethin Stupid as a duet in 2001 with Academy Award-winning actress Nicole Kidman. The song appeared on Williams 2001 album, Swing When Youre Winning, the song became Williams first Christmas number-one single in the United Kingdom, and fifth as a featured artist. The single sold 98,506 copies in its first week and 366,000 copies over all earning a Silver Certification by the BPI, the accompanying music video was directed by Vaughan Arnell. The song was the 30th best selling single of 2001 in the UK, in Australia, it became Williams fourth top ten single, earning a Gold certification for over 35,000 copies sold
23.
Bitty McLean
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Bitty McLean is a British/Jamaican reggae, lovers rock and ragga musician. He is best known for his three UK Top 10 hits in 1993 and 1994, including his debut offering It Keeps Rainin, the youngest of six children, Delroy McLean was nicknamed Bitty due to his small stature. As a teenager he performed with local systems, and after studying sound engineering at college, he was employed by UB40 as an engineer and producer. McLeans song It Keeps Rainin topped the charts in New Zealand, McLean also played on three UK arena tours supporting UB40, Wet Wet Wet and Simply Red respectively. In 2004, he released the album On Bond Street KGN and he recorded a studio album in 2007, entitled Movin On, with Sly and Robbie at their One Pop studios in Kingston, Jamaica. Movin On was released on Taxi / Silent River / Mideya label in Europe, McLean and Sly & Robbie toured Japan, Europe and Morocco in 2008 and 2009. In 2013 McLean released a new album, The Taxi Sessions, with Sly & Robbie, and a live DVD recorded with Sly & Robbie, also in 2013, McLean joined The Lee Thompson Ska Orchestra on vocals, for a cover of Desmond Dekkers Fu Man Chu. He also joined them on stage for shows, appeared in the official video that accompanied the single and, in May 2013. With Jools Holland to perform the track and he is uncle to footballer Aaron McLean and singer Anthony, under the artist name of McLean. - UK #19 Natural High Soul to Soul On Bond Street KGN, made in Jamaica Movin On The Taxi Sessions List of performers on Top of the Pops List of lovers rock artists
24.
Beverley Knight
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Beverley Knight MBE is a British recording artist, radio presenter and musical theatre actress who released her debut album, The B-Funk, in 1995. Heavily influenced by American soul music such as Sam Cooke and Aretha Franklin. Widely labelled as one of Britains greatest soul singers, Knight is best known for her hit singles Greatest Day, shoulda Woulda Coulda and Come as You Are. In 2006 Knight solidified her transmission into the mainstream by starring in the BBC music TV series Just the Two of Us, after releasing a platinum-selling compilation album in 2006, Knight went on to tour the UK with a reformed Take That. She has also hosted four series of the BBC Radio 2 show Beverleys Gospel Nights, to date the show has run for four seasons and has featured interviews with stars such as Michelle Williams and Shirley Caesar. Knight is an ambassador for many such as Christian Aid and has travelled to areas affected by disease. She is an campaigner for anti-Aids organisations such as the Stop AIDS Campaign. On Saturday,15 August 2009, she performed live at the fourth annual UK Black Pride event in Regents Park. After more than a decade in the industry, Knight was made an MBE by Queen Elizabeth II in February 2007 in recognition of her charitable work, in September 2005, Knight was made an honorary Doctor of Music from the University of Wolverhampton. After receiving a host of awards, including three MOBO Awards, Knight was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004 at the Urban Music Awards in London, in 2007, Knight was voted number 58 in the 100 Great Black Britons poll. Knight supported Prince during his residency at the O2 Arena and ended up performing at his after party, as a result of this, she was also flown to perform at his Oscars party in front of A-list stars and got a standing ovation from stars such as Quincy Jones. She is planning her American debut sometime in 2015, Knight sang at the London 2012 Paralympic Opening Ceremony. On 9 September 2013, Knight made her first foray into musical theatre, on 21 February 2014, it was confirmed that Knight would take on the lead role of Felicia in the musical Memphis, opening on 23 October 2014. Knight attended Woodfield Infant and Junior Schools and Highfields School in Wolverhampton, Knight was born to Jamaican parents, and she grew up in a strict Pentecostal household where church attendance was commonplace. It is here where she began her career, The first time I heard music would have been in church. My mum was called upon, Come on sister Dolores. Singing was the most natural thing in the world, I thought, doesnt everybodys mum lead the congregation at church in song. Knight continued singing in her local church throughout her childhood, due to her parents religious beliefs, secular music was largely frowned upon, but artists such as Sam Cooke and Aretha Franklin played a big part in her childhood
25.
Los Pericos
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Los Pericos is an Argentine band formed in 1987. The band has enjoyed success, especially throughout South America. In 2006, the band received some notable exposure for North American audiences when featured on an episode of Anthony Bourdains No Reservations, the band was also featured in the 2000 documentary, Botín de guerra. In 1986 a group of friends who used to get together to play music became Los Pericos, the first reggae rock band in Argentina. Their first record, El Ritual De La Banana, was released in 1988 and was the best selling album of the year, one year later, they recorded King Kong, produced by Herber Vianna. Immediately after, they released Maxi Anfitreu, a vinyl disc and their fourth album, Big Yuyo, was released in 1993. That same year Los Pericos were invited to participate in the sixth International Festival Reggae Sunsplash Edition, in 1994, they performed again in the International Festival Reggae Sunsplash, and closed the World Beat Night. Rita Marley invited them to the Tuff Gong Records studios and that July, they embarked on a tour through the United States, after finishing the recording of their fifth album in that country. With the release of Pampas Reggae in 1994, tours across Latin America and their sixth album, Yerbabuena, was released simultaneously in every country of Latin America, the United States and Spain. In 1996, the band performed Wanna Be Loved for the AIDS benefit album, Silencio=Muerte, Red Hot + Latin, produced by the Red Hot Organization with Buju Banton. In March 1997, Los Pericos was the only Latin American band invited to participate in the tribute to The Police and recorded together with Stewart Copeland. They also participated in the Latin tribute to The Police, Outlandos D´America, in December 1997, they celebrated their tenth anniversary with a free live outdoor concert, supported by the Gobierno De La Ciudad De Buenos Aires. By mid July 1998, they started recording their album at their own studio. They travelled again to Caracas, but this time to the 50th anniversary celebration of the Universal Human Rights Declaration, on 27 November 1998, they released Mystic Love. In November they started the fifth Mystic Love Tour including the cities of New Jersey, Queens, Manhattan, at the beginning of 2000, Los Pericos gave a show at River Plate Stadium celebrating the new millennium. Los Pericos mixed an album, a tribute to the 1,008 shows performed up to that time. During 2001 they continued with their shows across the continent and were invited to close the 2001 Vive Latino edition, in 2004, Juanchi Baleiron switched from lead guitar to vocals. In August 2005 the band released 7 with performances across Latin America, in April 2007, they returned to Mexico for the Reggae Music Fest featuring Pato Banton in their set
26.
Official Charts Company
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The OCC is operated jointly by the British Phonographic Industry and the Entertainment Retailers Association. Since 1 July 1997, CIN and then the OCC have compiled the official charts, prior to this date, the charts were produced by a succession of market research companies, beginning with the British Market Research Bureau in 1969, and later by Gallup. All of the OCCs charts are published weekly on Friday nights, from 3 August 1969 until 5 July 2015, the chart week ran from Sunday to Saturday. Genre-specific charts include UK Dance Chart, UK Indie Chart, UK R&B Chart, UK Rock Chart, the Scottish Singles and Albums Charts ― and the former Welsh Singles and Albums Chart ― appears in listings within the Official Charts Company. It is a regional listing reflecting how sales towards the UK Singles Chart, the Welsh Singles and Album Chart served the same purpose in Wales. It also charts the UK DVD Chart and UK Budget Album Chart, while their music charts are now Friday to Thursday, their video charts remain Sunday to Saturday. On 5 September 2008, the Official UK Charts Company rebranded itself as the Official Charts Company and it later dropped the word Company and became just Official Charts. From May 2012, a new chart was launched – the Official Streaming Chart and this counts audio streams from streaming services Spotify, Deezer, Blinkbox Music, Napster, amongst others. In April 2015, the UKs first vinyl record chart was launched by the Official Charts Company due to the surge of interest in the sector. The chart was launched following the growth of the sector in the UK for the year in a row. Beginning in 2017 the Official Charts Company changed its methodology for calculating the Top 40, prior to January 2017,100 streams counted as one sale of a song. From January onward, the ratio became 150,1, UK Albums Chart UK Singles Chart UK Video Charts UK Singles Downloads Chart UK Album Downloads Chart British Phonographic Industry Official Charts Company website
27.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
28.
Australian Recording Industry Association
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It oversees the collection, administration and distribution of music licenses and royalties. The association has more than 100 members, including small labels typically run by one to five people, medium size organisations, ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, both large and small. As of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica, in 1956, the Association of Australian Record Manufacturers was formed by Australias major record companies. It later included smaller record companies representing independent acts/labels and has over 100 members, by 1997, the six major labels provided 90% of all recordings made in Australia. ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, as of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica and Tony Harlow. Australian TV pop music show Countdown presented its own awards ceremony, Countdown Music and Video Awards. ARIA provided peer voting for awards, while Countdown provided coupons in the related Countdown Magazine for viewers to vote for populist awards. At the 1985 Countdown awards ceremony, held on 14 April 1986, fans of INXS and Uncanny X-Men scuffled during the broadcast and as a result ARIA decided to hold their own awards. Since 2 March 1987, ARIA administered its own entirely peer-voted ARIA Music Awards, to recognise excellence, initially included in the same awards ceremonies, it established the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1988 and has held separate annual ceremonies since 2005. The ARIA Hall of Fame honours Australian musicians achievements have had a significant impact in Australia or around the world, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association announced its own legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial. In 2006, ARIA formed sponsorship deals with Motorola and Nova and changed the appearance, Motorola took naming-rights sponsorship seeing the charts referred to in the media as the Motorola ARIA Charts. ARIA, have commented that as part of the same marketing printed charts would be reintroduced into media retailing shops, as part of the deal Nova began broadcasting the charted singles in reverse order on a Sunday afternoon show before it was released on the ARIA charts website. The ARIA Charts is the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association, the charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from retailers in Australia, the ARIA No.1 Chart Awards were established in 2002 to recognise Australian recording artists, who reached number one on the ARIA albums, singles and music DVDs charts. The ARIA Music Awards is a series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry. This criticism is stauncher in Australia due to the absence of an equivalent Digital Millennium Copyright Act or state crimes acts which clearly establish copyright infringement as a crime, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association took legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial
29.
Earl Falconer
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Earl Acton Falconer is an English bass player and singer, currently working with the reggae band, UB40. Falconer also co-founded the bass music label Circus Records alongside Flux Pavilion, Doctor P and he is part of the band UB40. Falconer attended St. Benedicts junior school and Mosely Road School of Art and he was an unemployed plasterer at the time of UB40s formation. In 1988, he was imprisoned for six months as a result of a car accident that killed his brother Pablo Falconer, who was also the bands producer
30.
Norman Hassan
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Norman Lamont Hassan is an English musician of Yemeni and Welsh descent who is best known as being a member of the reggae band UB40 since its foundation in 1978. Norman Lamont Hassan was born in Birmingham to Yemeni and Welsh parents and he worked as a carpet fitter before joining the band UB40 in 1978. After starting off as percussionist in 1978, he learned the trombone in 1981 and he sang his first lead vocal on Labour of Love. He is also known for his on-stage dancing, like the rest of UB40, he still lives in the City of Birmingham. He is also a fan of the football club Birmingham City. He has wide ranging musical tastes, from reggae to soul to opera
31.
Signing Off
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Signing Off is the debut album by British reggae band UB40, released in the UK on 29 August 1980 by Dudley-based independent label Graduate Records. Saxophonist Brian Travers said, We commandeered a cellar and started rehearsing every day and our first experiences of playing an instrument started together, and wed humiliate each other over mistakes. But we were serious about our music. It was a year before we played our first gig and it was in an upper room at the Hare and Hounds in Kings Heath, Birmingham. We played the whole of Signing Off because they were the songs we knew. Towards the end of 1979 the band felt confident enough to start recording their songs, Lamb had been the drummer with the Steve Gibbons Band for much of the 1970s and was a well-known figure within the Birmingham music scene. He remembered that King was the very first song ever played to me. And that was it for me, I was hooked, it was a bit like Elvis walks in or something, you know, I remember he had his bed on stilts. So underneath the bed was a sofa and mixing desk, and so we recorded the album there on an eight-track machine, with the same 50p coin going through the electric meter continually because wed booted the lock off it. While the percussion—the tambourines, the congas, the drums—wed do in the back yard, which is why you can hear birds singing on some of the tracks. You know, because it was in the daytime wed be shouting across the fences Keep it DOWN, producer Lamb described the somewhat relaxed recording process, We had a huge garden that was completely overgrown with tall grass. There were various encampments out in the grass of UB40 posses. They didnt just turn up at the studio alone, they always brought maybe 20 people with them, so the point is that everybody had a lot of fun making it, and you can hear it on the record. You can hear the birds singing, and also remembered how easy it was to make the album, Nothing was hard work about that album, it was a bit of a dream that sort of fell out of the sky. It was almost effortless to make in that they were so good at the time, falconer would go on to produce the majority of UB40s subsequent records until his death in a car crash in 1987. The main theme in Burden of shame is copied from Van Morrisons Moondance, UB40 intended Tyler to be their first single in the United States. The band revisited the subject of Tylers imprisonment on the song Rainbow Nation on their 2008 album TwentyFourSeven, King was about the late Martin Luther King, Jr. questioning the lost direction of the deceased leaders followers and the state of mourning of a nation after his death. Burden of Shame recounted the misdeeds performed in the name of British Imperialism, subsequently, it was also a prominent feature of UB40s 2005 Live 8 appearance in Hyde Park, London,25 years after the song had been first released
32.
Present Arms (album)
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Present Arms is the second album by UB40 and was released in 1981. It spent 38 weeks on the UK album charts, reaching number 2, an album of original songs, it spawned two top 20 hits in One in Ten and Dont Let It Pass You By/Dont Slow Down. The album also touches on a very dear to UB40s heart, Lambs Bread. Musically, the album continued in the heavy, reverb-drenched, mellifluous style of the debut, the title track has been used to open UB40 concerts from the mid 1990s onwards, usually with the blasting horn section beginning the concert. As with Signing Off, Present Arms was critically acclaimed and commercially successful in the UK, a dub version of this album called Present Arms in Dub was released soon after. These were added to the CD album, on 25 January 2015, Present Arms Deluxe Edition shall be released. Track listing is unavailable as at November 2014
33.
UB44
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UB44 is the third album by UB40, released on the DEP International label in 1982. The album reached No.4 in the UK album chart, uB44 was the Department of Employment form letter sent to British unemployment benefit claimants when they missed their signing on appointment. This album was effectively the last one in their musical style, again mixing heavy. In particular, I Wont Close My Eyes and Love is All Right use reverb, echoes, droning rhythms- the 4th dimension of time- induce a trance, evoking reggaes substance behind the muse. Love is All Right is a number with close sounding. Sax and trumpet echo in a hall, sounding like some Caribbean band of long ago. A funky, effected, simple guitar twang adds to the old, the lyrics challenge the listener that a little more hate may be needed in polarised racial and class conflicts
34.
Labour of Love
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Labour of Love is a reggae album by UB40, the bands fourth album and first covers album. It was originally released on 1 September 1983 and included the hits, Red, Red Wine, Cherry Oh Baby, Many Rivers to Cross, the entire album consists of cover versions of songs originally released by the groups musical idols. The most notable track is the cover of Neil Diamonds Red, Red Wine, the song originally reached #34 in the United States, but upon its re-release in the US in 1988, it topped the chart. The album and 12 version included a verse by Astro. The band would continue the series and release three more cover albums, Labour of Love II, Labour of Love III and Labour of Love IV. The film was directed by Bernard Rose, the album reached No.1 in the UK and No.8 in the United States
35.
Geffery Morgan
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Geffery Morgan is the fifth album by UB40. Released in 1984, it takes its title from a piece of graffiti on a wall. Following the huge success of their covers album, Labour of Love, the album contained the hit If It Happens Again, which reached #9 in the UK charts. Riddle Me -3,57 As Always You Were Wrong Again -3,37 If It Happens Again -3,44 D. U. B. -4,52 The Pillow -3,26 Nkomo-A-Go-Go -3,06 Seasons -3,48 Youre Not an Army -3,46 Im Not Fooled So Easily -4,14 Your Eyes Were Open -5,00
36.
Baggariddim
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Baggariddim, not to be confused with the EP Little Baggariddim released in the US, is the sixth album by UB40, released in 1985. Most of the tracks are reworkings of previous UB40 recordings that appeared on Labour of Love and Geffery Morgan. Guest artists included Chrissie Hynde, the leader of The Pretenders, in the UK, Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium this album was released in a gatefold sleeve containing an additional 3-track 12 EP. I Got You Babe –3,09 U. K Single
37.
Rat in the Kitchen
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Rat in the Kitchen is the seventh album by UB40, released in July 1986. This album contained two UK hits, Sing Our Own Song and Rat in Mi Kitchen, the album itself reached 8 in the UK album charts in 1986 staying in the charts for twenty weeks. The album provoked a positive reception from critics, allmusic said the album was as usual, a tuneful collection of reggae and later described the album as edgy. The eventual album, UB40, saw release in 1988 and contained eleven further tracks, including the single Dancing with the Devil
38.
Promises and Lies
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Promises and Lies is the tenth album by the British reggae band UB40, released in 1993. It includes the hit from the soundtrack of the 1993 movie Sliver, Cant Help Falling in Love, the album reached No.1 in the UK and No.4 in the United States. It is the bands best-selling album, cest La Vie –4,31 U. K Single. Desert Sand –4,48 Promises and Lies –3,38 Bring Me Your Cup –5,41 U. K Single, higher Ground –4,21 U. K Single. Reggae Music –4,06 U. K Single, Falling in Love With You –3,27 U. K Single. Now and Then –3,40 Things Aint Like They Used to Be –4,01 Its a Long Long Way –4,29 Sorry –4,27
