Alternative media are media sources that differ from established or dominant types of media in terms of their content, production, or distribution. Sometimes the term independent media is used as a synonym, indicating independence from large media corporations, but generally independent media is used to describe a different meaning around freedom of the press and independence from government control. Alternative media does not refer to a specific format and may be inclusive of print, audio, film/video, online/digital and street art, among others. Some examples include the counter-culture zines of the 1960s, ethnic and indigenous media such as the First People's television network in Canada, and more recently online open publishing journalism sites such as Indymedia.
A public sphere described by Habermas - Coffee House in 18C
Example of a sign used during the Occupy Wall Street movement
A favela in Brazil
Protester at a Greenpeace march in 2009
Mass media includes the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication.
Copy of a newspaper (El Universo), an example of mass media
Egyptian movie star Salah Zulfikar on the cover of Al-Kawakeb magazine, March 1961, an example of mass media
Shopping carts for children fitted with gaming computers
Actress Mervat Amin on the cover for Al-Mawwid magazine, June 1972
