1.
Harold Ramis
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Harold Allen Ramis was an American actor, director, writer, and comedian. His best-known film acting roles were as Egon Spengler in Ghostbusters and Ghostbusters II and Russell Ziskey in Stripes, as a director, his films include the comedies Caddyshack, National Lampoons Vacation, Groundhog Day, and Analyze This. Ramis was the head writer of the television series SCTV, on which he also performed, as well as a co-writer of Groundhog Day. His final film that he wrote, produced, directed and acted in was the critical and commercial failure Year One, Ramis films influenced subsequent generations of comedians and comedy writers. Filmmakers including Jay Roach, Jake Kasdan, Adam Sandler, and Peter and he won the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for Groundhog Day. Ramis was born on November 21,1944, in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Ruth and Nathan Ramis, in his adult life, he did not practice any religion. Afterward, Ramis worked in an institution in St. Louis for seven months. He later said of his time working there that it. prepared me well for when I went out to Hollywood to work with actors, people laugh when I say that, but it was actually very good training. And not just with actors, it was training for just living in the world. Its knowing how to deal with people who might be reacting in a way connected to anxiety or grief or fear or rage. As a director, you’re dealing with that constantly with actors, but if I were a businessman, I’d probably be applying those same principles to that line of work. He avoided the Vietnam War military draft by taking methamphetamine to fail his draft physical, following his work in St. Louis, Ramis returned to Chicago, where by 1968, he was a substitute teacher at schools serving the inner-city Robert Taylor Homes. He also became associated with the guerrilla television collective TVTV, headed by his college friend Michael Shamberg, and wrote freelance for the Chicago Daily News. Michael Shamberg, right out of college, had started freelancing for newspapers and got on as a stringer for a local paper, and I thought, Well, if Michael can do that, I can do that. I wrote a piece and submitted it to the Chicago Daily News, the Arts & Leisure section. Additionally, Ramis had begun studying and performing with Chicagos Second City improvisational comedy troupe, Ramis newspaper writing led to his becoming joke editor at Playboy magazine. Just cold and said I had written several pieces freelance and did they have any openings, and they happened to have their entry-level job, party jokes editor, open. He liked my stuff and he gave me a stack of jokes that readers had sent in, I had been in Second City in the workshops already and Michael Shamberg and I had written comedy shows in college
2.
Bruce Berman
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Bruce Berman is an American film industry executive and executive producer. He is the chairman and CEO of Village Roadshow Pictures, a position he has held since 1997, Berman is noted for his collection of contemporary American photographs. In 2004, he was listed among the world’s top 25 photography collectors by ARTNews, Berman was born in New York in 1952. As a teenager, he developed a passion for photography and contemplated a career as a photographer. He continued to pursue photography throughout high school and into college, bermans focus shifted to film after he was accepted at the California Institute of the Arts film school. I didnt think I could make a living at photography, Berman said in a 2007 interview with the Los Angeles Times, and when I got into film school, I didnt think I could do both. In addition to Bennington and CalArts, Berman attended UCLA, where he graduated cum laude with a degree in United States history and he also attended Georgetown University Law School, earning a juris doctor in 1978. Berman began working with Jack Valenti at the MPAA while a student at Georgetown, after he received his degree, he was hired as an assistant to Peter Guber at Casablanca Filmworks. In 1979, he moved to Universal Pictures, where he worked for Sean Daniel and Joel Silver, less than three years later, he was named vice president of production. In 1984, Berman was recruited by Warner Bros, Pictures as a vice president of production, and in 1987 was promoted to senior vice president of production. He was named president of production in 1989 and president of worldwide theatrical production in 1991. During his tenure at Warner Bros. he produced and distributed films including Goodfellas, Batman Forever, JFK, The Fugitive, The Bodyguard, in May 1996, Berman started Plan B Entertainment, an independent motion picture company affiliated with Warner Bros. In 1997, Warner Bros entered into a joint venture with Village Roadshow Pictures, considered one of the industry’s leading financiers and producers of studio released motion pictures, the Village Roadshow and Warner Bros. partnership was extended in 2012 to 2017. The company established a joint partnership with Sony Pictures Entertainment in 2014. In 1991, Berman was given an Edward S. Curtis photograph of a thatched American Indian shelter as a gift, Berman has two children, a daughter, with his wife, Lea Russo, and a son from his previous marriage to Goliger. Village Roadshow Pictures Official Website Bruce Berman at the Internet Movie Database
3.
Barry Levinson
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Barry Levinson is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Levinsons best-known works are comedy-drama and drama such as Diner, The Natural, Good Morning, Vietnam, Rain Man, Bugsy. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on Rain Man, Levinson was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Violet Vi and Irvin Levinson, who worked in the furniture and appliance business. His family was of Russian Jewish descent, Levinsons first writing work was for variety shows such as The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine, The Lohman and Barkley Show, The Tim Conway Show, and The Carol Burnett Show. Diner was the first of a series of set in the Baltimore of Levinsons youth. The others were Tin Men, a story of aluminum-siding salesmen in the 1960s starring Richard Dreyfuss and Danny DeVito, the immigrant family saga Avalon and his biggest hit, both critically and financially, was Rain Man, a sibling drama starring Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise. The film won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director and it also won the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival. Another of his films is the popular period baseball drama The Natural. Redford would later direct Quiz Show and cast Levinson as television personality Dave Garroway, Levinson also directed the classic war comedy Good Morning, Vietnam, starring Robin Williams, with whom he later collaborated on the fantasy Toys and the political comedy Man of the Year. Levinson also directed the critically acclaimed crime drama Bugsy, which starred Warren Beatty and was nominated for ten Academy Awards. He directed Dustin Hoffman again in Wag the Dog, a political comedy co-starring Robert De Niro about a war staged in a film studio, the film won the Silver Bear – Special Jury Prize at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival. Levinson partnered with producer Mark Johnson to form the production company Baltimore Pictures. The two parted ways in 1994 and he has a television production company with Tom Fontana and served as executive producer for a number of series, including Homicide, Life on the Street and the HBO prison drama Oz. Levinson also played a main role as a judge in the short-lived TV series The Jury. Levinson published his first novel, Sixty-Six, in 2003, like several of his films, it is semi-autobiographical and set in Baltimore in the 1960s. He directed two webisodes of the American Express ads The Adventures of Seinfeld and Superman, in 2004, Levinson was the recipient of the Austin Film Festivals Distinguished Screenwriter Award. Levinson directed a documentary PoliWood about the 2008 Democratic and Republican National Conventions, the documentary, produced by Tim Daly, Robin Bronk and Robert E. Baruc, had its premiere at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival. Levinson is in production on a film based on Whitey Bulger, in September 2013, Levinson was set to direct the film titled Rock the Kasbah, written by Mitch Glazer
4.
Robert De Niro
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Robert Anthony De Niro is an American actor, producer and director who has both Italian and American citizenship. He was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film The Godfather Part II and his longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake La Motta in the 1980 film Raging Bull. He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, the Golden Globe Cecil B, deMille Award in 2010, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016. De Niros first major roles were in the sports drama, Bang the Drum Slowly. He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers Taxi Driver and Cape Fear, De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Ciminos Vietnam war drama, The Deer Hunter, Penny Marshalls drama Awakenings, and David O. Russells romantic comedy-drama, Silver Linings Playbook. His portrayal of gangster Jimmy Conway in Scorseses crime film, Goodfellas, other notable performances include roles in Once Upon a Time in America, Brazil, The Untouchables, Heat, and Casino. He has directed and starred in such as the crime drama A Bronx Tale. Robert Anthony De Niro was born in the Greenwich Village area of Manhattan, New York, the son of Virginia Admiral and Robert De Niro Sr. Both of his parents were painters, his father was of half Italian and half Irish descent, while his mother was of half German ancestry, with her other roots being French, English and Dutch. De Niros parents, who had met at the classes of Hans Hofmann in Provincetown, Massachusetts. De Niro was raised by his mother in the Greenwich Village and his father lived within walking distance and De Niro spent much time with him as he grew up. His mother was raised Presbyterian but became an atheist as an adult, against his parents wishes, his grandparents had him secretly baptized into the Catholic Church while he was staying with them during his parents divorce. De Niro attended PS41, an elementary school in Manhattan. He then went to Elisabeth Irwin High School, the upper school of the Little Red School House. He was accepted into the High School of Music and Art for the ninth grade, De Niro began high school at the private McBurney School and later attended the private Rhodes Preparatory School, although he never graduated from either. Nicknamed Bobby Milk for his pallor, De Niro hung out with a group of kids as a youth in Little Italy. The direction of his future had already been foreshadowed by his debut at age 10. Along with finding relief from shyness through performing, he was also fixated by cinema and he studied acting at the Stella Adler Conservatory, as well as Lee Strasbergs Actors Studio
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Billy Crystal
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William Edward Billy Crystal is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian and television host. City Slickers, and Analyze This and providing the voice of Mike Wazowski in the Monsters and he has hosted the Academy Awards 9 times, beginning in 1990 and most recently in 2012. Crystal was born at Doctors Hospital on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, as a toddler, he moved with his family to 549 East Park Avenue in Long Beach, New York, on Long Island. Jack Crystal was also a promoter, a producer. The three young brothers would entertain by reprising comedy routines from the likes of Bob Newhart, Rich Little, jazz artists such as Arvell Shaw, Pee Wee Russell, Eddie Condon, and Billie Holiday were often guests in the home. With the decline of Dixieland jazz circa 1963, Crystals father lost his business and his mother, Helen Crystal, died in 2001. Crystal never played baseball at Marshall because the program was suspended during his first year and he did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, instead deciding to stay in New York to be close to his future wife. He attended Nassau Community College with Janice, and later transferred to New York University and he graduated from NYU in 1970 with a BFA from its School of Fine Arts, not yet named for the Tisch family. One of his instructors was Martin Scorsese while Oliver Stone and Christopher Guest were among his classmates, Crystal returned to New York City. For four years he was part of a trio with two friends. They played colleges and coffee houses and Crystal worked as a teacher on Long Island. He later became an act and performed regularly at The Improv. In 1976, Crystal appeared on an episode of All in the Family and he was on the dais for The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast of Muhammad Ali on February 19,1976, where he did impressions of both Ali and sportscaster Howard Cosell. He was scheduled to appear on the first episode of NBC Saturday Night and he did perform on episode 17 of that first season, doing a monologue of an old jazz man capped by the line Can you dig it. Host Ron Nessen introduced him as Bill Crystal, Crystal was a guest on the first and the last episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, which concluded February 6,2014 after 22 seasons on the air. Crystals earliest prominent role was as Jodie Dallas on Soap, one of the first unambiguously homosexual characters in the cast of an American television series and he continued in the role during the series entire 1977–1981 run. In 1982, Billy Crystal hosted his own variety show, The Billy Crystal Comedy Hour on NBC, when Crystal arrived to shoot the fifth episode, he learned it had been canceled after only the first two aired. After hosting Saturday Night Live twice, on March 17,1984 and his most famous recurring sketch was his parody of Fernando Lamas, a smarmy talk-show host whose catchphrase, You look
6.
Lisa Kudrow
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Lisa Valerie Kudrow is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer. She went on to produce, write and star in the 2005 HBO series The Comeback and she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for both seasons, in 2006 and 2015 respectively. She also starred in Web Therapy, which aired for four seasons on Showtime, as a producer of the series, she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class – Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program for the show in 2012. She is also one of the producers of the TLC reality program Who Do You Think You Are and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Program for the series in 2012 and 2014. I Love You, Bandslam, Hotel for Dogs, Easy A, Neighbors, its sequel Neighbors 2, Sorority Rising and The Girl on the Train. Lisa Kudrow was born in Los Angeles, California, to Nedra S. a travel agent, and Dr. Lee N. Kudrow and she has an elder sister, Helene Marla, and an elder brother, Santa Monica neurologist David B. Kudrow was raised in a middle-class Jewish family and had a Bat Mitzvah ceremony and her ancestors immigrated from Belarus, Germany, Hungary and Poland, and some of them lived in the village of Ilya, in the Minsk area. Lisas paternal grandparents were David Kudrow and Gertrude Farberman and her paternal great-grandmother, Mera Mordejovich, was murdered in Ilya during the Holocaust. Her paternal grandmother immigrated to Brooklyn, where her father grew up, Kudrow attended Portola Middle School in Tarzana, California. In 1979, at the age of 16, she underwent rhinoplasty to reduce the size of her nose and she graduated from Taft High School in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. Kudrow received her Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from Vassar College, intending to follow in her fathers footsteps and research headaches. At the urging of her brothers friend, comedian Jon Lovitz, she began her comedic career as a member of The Groundlings. Kudrow has credited Cynthia Szigeti, her teacher at The Groundlings, for changing her perspective on acting, calling her the best thing that happened. Briefly, Kudrow joined with Conan OBrien and director Tim Hillman in the improv troupe Unexpected Company. She was also the regular female member of the Transformers Comedy Troupe. She played a role in an episode of the NBC sitcom Cheers and she tried out for Saturday Night Live in 1990, but the show chose Julia Sweeney instead. Prior to Friends, she appeared in at least two produced network pilots, NBCs Just Temporary in 1989, playing Nicole, and CBS Close Encounters in 1990, playing a Valley girl. Kudrow was cast to play the role of Roz Doyle in Frasier, Kudrow said in 2000 that when rehearsals started, I knew it wasnt working
7.
Village Roadshow Pictures
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Village Roadshow Entertainment Group is an independent global film entertainment company. Village Roadshow Entertainment Group consists principally of Village Roadshow Pictures, Village Roadshow Productions, Village Roadshow Entertainment Group s largest owner is Village Roadshow Limited, which owns 47. 6% of the company. The other shareholders are Crescent Entertainment, Tailwind Capital, Falcon Investment Advisors and Trinity Opportunities Limited
8.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
9.
Crime film
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared
10.
Analyze This
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Analyze This is a 1999 gangster comedy film directed by Harold Ramis, who co-wrote the screenplay with playwright Kenneth Lonergan and Peter Tolan. The film stars Robert De Niro as a mafioso and Billy Crystal as his psychiatrist, a sequel, Analyze That, was released in 2002. The meeting is raided by the FBI, and the Mafia does not call a summit again until the present day, Vitti and his consigliere Dominic are discussing the upcoming meeting and the Mafias present-day problems. However, just as Dominic warns Vitti to look out for Primo Sindone, gunmen drive past, Sobel unknowingly rear-ends a car belonging to Vitti and the trunk opens, revealing a man bound and gagged inside, which Sobel and his son do not notice because they are arguing. Jelly, one of Vittis made men, takes the blame, during a meeting with his crew, Vitti suffers a panic attack and tells Jelly that he needs to see a psychiatrist, but it has to be kept a secret and Jelly recommends Sobel. Vitti visits Sobel, claiming his friend needs therapy, Sobel impresses Vitti enough to want to see him whenever necessary. Sobel goes to Miami for his wedding, Vitti, Jelly and the crew follow. Vitti explains he has been having a time and Sobel suggests the source of the problem might be stress. The next day Vitti has another attack and requests to see Sobel. Vitti explains his history with his father to Sobel, who thinks this might have something to do with Vittis problems. The wedding is interrupted when an assassin is killed by one of Vittis thugs, Sobel confronts Vitti and argues with him until he becomes angry. Sobel suggests he resolves his anger issue by calling Primo Sindone, Vitti phones Primo and starts by telling him how he feels but ends up threatening to kill him. Sobel and his return to New York, where they find a fountain in their garden. The FBI arrive and request Sobel inform on Vitti, but he refuses and he changes his mind when the FBI play an altered tape in which Vitti apparently reveals his intention to kill Sobel. Sobel wears a wire to his meeting with Vitti. Sobel thinks he can help Vitti, but Vitti, informed that Sobel was working with the FBI, Sobel and Vitti get into an argument, and Vitti cries when reminded of his fathers murder. Just as this occurs, two hitmen sent by Sindone arrive to kill Vitti, but Jelly kills them both as Vitti is on the ground sobbing, Vitti apologizes for planning to kill Sobel, and the two reconcile. The day of the meeting arrives, but Vitti has another meltdown, Jelly interrupts Sobels wedding, requesting Sobel attend the meeting as Vittis consigliere
11.
Sing Sing
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It is located about 30 miles north of New York City on the east bank of the Hudson River. In 1970, the name of the facility was changed to Ossining Correctional Facility but, in 1985, Sing Sing was derived from the name of a Native American Nation, Sinck Sinck, from whom the land was purchased in 1685. Sing Sing prison confines about 1,700 prisoners, there are plans to convert the original 1825 cell block into a time specific museum. The prison property is bisected by the Metro-North Railroads four-track Hudson Line, Sing Sing was the fifth prison built by New York State. The first prison, Newgate Prison, was built in 1797 in Greenwich Village, in 1824, the New York Legislature gave Elam Lynds, warden of Auburn Prison and a former Army captain, the task of constructing a new, more modern prison. The legislature appropriated $20,100 to purchase the 130-acre site, Lynds hand-selected 100 inmates from the Auburn prison for transfer and had them transported by barge via the Erie Canal and down the Hudson River to freighters. On their arrival on May 14, the site was without a place to them or a wall to enclose them, temporary barracks. When it was opened in 1826, Sing Sing was considered a model prison, because it turned a profit for the state, Lynds employed the Auburn system, which imposed absolute silence on the prisoners, the system was enforced by whipping and other brutal punishments. Thomas Mott Osbornes tenure as warden of Sing Sing prison was brief, Osborne arrived in 1914 with a reputation as a radical prison reformer. His report of a week-long incognito stay inside New Yorks Auburn Prison indicted traditional prison administration in merciless detail, Prisoners who had bribed officers and intimidated other inmates lost their privileges under Osbornes regime. One of them conspired with powerful allies to destroy Osbornes reputation, even succeeding in getting him indicted for a variety of crimes. After Osborne triumphed in court, his return to Sing Sing was a cause for celebration by the inmates. Another notable warden was Lewis Lawes and he was offered the position of warden in 1919, accepted in January 1920, and remained for 20 years as Sing Sings warden. While warden, Lawes brought about reforms and turned what was described as an old hellhole into a prison with sports teams, educational programs, new methods of discipline. Several new buildings were constructed during the years Lawes was warden. Lawes retired in 1941 after 21 years as warden and died six years later, in 1943, the old cellblock was finally closed and the metal bars and doors were donated to the war effort. In 1989, the institution was accredited for the first time by the American Correctional Association, today, Sing Sing houses more than 2,000 inmates, with about 1,000 people working there and 5,000 visitors per month. The original 1825 cellblock is no longer used and in 2002 plans were announced to turn this into a museum, in April 2011 there were talks of closing the prison in favor of real estate
12.
West Side Story (musical)
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West Side Story is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and conception and choreography by Jerome Robbins. It was inspired by William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet, the story is set in the Upper West Side neighborhood in New York City in the mid-1950s, an ethnic, blue-collar neighborhood. The musical explores the rivalry between the Jets and the Sharks, two teenage street gangs of different ethnic backgrounds, the members of the Sharks, from Puerto Rico, are taunted by the Jets, a white gang. The young protagonist, Tony, a member of the Jets and best friend of the gang leader, Riff, falls in love with Maria, the sister of Bernardo. The dark theme, sophisticated music, extended scenes. Bernsteins score for the musical includes Somethings Coming, Maria, America, Somewhere, Tonight, Jet Song, I Feel Pretty, A Boy Like That, One Hand, One Heart, Gee, Officer Krupke, and Cool. The original 1957 Broadway production, directed and choreographed by Jerome Robbins and produced by Robert E. Griffith and Harold Prince and it ran for 732 performances before going on tour. The production was nominated for six Tony Awards including Best Musical in 1957, Robbins won the Tony Award for his choreography and Oliver Smith won for his scenic designs. The show had an even longer-running London production, a number of revivals, a 1961 musical film of the same name, directed by Robert Wise and Robbins, starred Natalie Wood, Richard Beymer, Rita Moreno, George Chakiris and Russ Tamblyn. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won ten, including George Chakiris for Supporting Actor, Rita Moreno for Supporting Actress, in 1947, Jerome Robbins approached Leonard Bernstein and Arthur Laurents about collaborating on a contemporary musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. He proposed that the focus on the conflict between an Irish Catholic family and a Jewish family living on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The girl has survived the Holocaust and emigrated from Israel, the conflict was to be centered around anti-Semitism of the Catholic Jets towards the Jewish Emeralds, eager to write his first musical, Laurents immediately agreed. Bernstein wanted to present the material in operatic form, but Robbins and they described the project as lyric theater, and Laurents wrote a first draft he called East Side Story. Only after he completed it did the group realize it was more than a musicalization of themes that had already been covered in plays like Abies Irish Rose. When he opted to drop out, the three men went their ways, and the piece was shelved for almost five years. Laurents accepted and suggested Bernstein and Robbins join the creative team, Robbins felt if the three were going to join forces, they should return to East Side Story, and Bernstein agreed. Laurents, however, was committed to Gabel, who introduced him to the young composer/lyricist Stephen Sondheim, Sondheim auditioned by playing the score for Saturday Night, his musical that was scheduled to open in the fall. Laurents liked the lyrics but was not impressed with the music, Sondheim did not care for Laurents opinion
13.
The Sopranos
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The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series created by David Chase. The story revolves around the character, New Jersey-based Italian American mobster Tony Soprano. The series portrays the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the requirements of his home life. These are often highlighted during his sessions with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi. The series features Tonys family members, mafia colleagues and rivals, in prominent roles and story arcs, most notably his wife Carmela and protégé Christopher Moltisanti. After the pilot was ordered in 1997, the show premiered on the cable network HBO in the United States on January 10,1999. The series then went through syndication and has been broadcast on A&E in the United States, the Sopranos was produced by HBO, Chase Films, and Brad Grey Television. It was primarily filmed at Silvercup Studios, New York City, the executive producers throughout the shows run were David Chase, Brad Grey, Robin Green, Mitchell Burgess, Ilene S. Landress, Terence Winter, and Matthew Weiner. The Sopranos is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time, the series also won a multitude of awards, including Peabody Awards for its first two seasons,21 Primetime Emmy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. A staple of 2000s American popular culture, the series has been the subject of analysis, controversy. It has spawned books, a game, high-charting soundtrack albums. Several members of the shows cast and crew who were largely unknown to the public have had successful careers after The Sopranos. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America named The Sopranos the best-written TV series of all time, before creating The Sopranos, David Chase had worked as a television producer for more than 20 years. He had been employed as a staff writer/producer for several series and had co-created one short-lived original series, Almost Grown. He made his directorial debut in 1986 with the Enough Rope for Two episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents revival. He also directed episodes of Almost Grown and Ill Fly Away in 1988 and 1992, in 1996, he wrote and directed the television film The Rockford Files, Punishment and Crime. He served as showrunner for Ill Fly Away and Northern Exposure in the 1990s, Chase won his first Emmy Award in 1978 for his work on The Rockford Files and his second for writing the 1980 television film Off the Minnesota Strip. By 1996, he was a coveted showrunner, the story of The Sopranos was initially conceived as a feature film about a mobster in therapy having problems with his mother
14.
Television program
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It may be a single production, or more commonly, a series of related productions. A limited number of episodes of a show may be called a miniseries or a serial or limited series. Television series are without a fixed length and are divided into seasons or series. While there is no defined length, U. S. industry practice has traditionally favored longer television seasons than those of other countries, a one-time broadcast may be called a special, or particularly in the UK a special episode. A television film is a film that is initially broadcast on television rather than released in theaters or direct-to-video, a program can be either recorded, as on video tape, other various electronic media forms, played with an on-demand player or viewed on live television. Television programs may be fictional, or non-fictional and it may be topical, or historical. They could be primarily instructional or educational, or entertaining as is the case in situation comedy, a drama program usually features a set of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures, except for soap opera-type serials, many shows especially before the 1980s, remained static without story arcs, and the main characters and premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters lives during the episode, because of this, the episodes could be broadcast in any order. Since the 1980s, there are series that feature progressive change to the plot. For instance, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first American prime time television series to have this kind of dramatic structure. While the later series, Babylon 5 is an example of such production that had a predetermined story running over its intended five-season run. In 2012, it was reported that television was growing into a component of major media companies revenues than film. Some also noted the increase in quality of television programs. When a person or company decides to create a new series, they develop the elements, consisting of the concept, the characters, the crew. Then they offer it to the networks in an attempt to find one interested enough to order a prototype first episode of the series. They want very much to get the word out on what types of shows they’re looking for, to create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series must be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they pick up the show to air it the next season, sometimes they save it for mid-season, or request rewrites and further review
15.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U. S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, although many of the FBIs functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint and these overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a domestic function. The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation and its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. The FBI headquarters is the J. Edgar Hoover Building, located in Washington, in the fiscal year 2012, the Bureaus total budget was approximately $8.12 billion. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal Identification was founded, the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created an urgent perception that America was under threat from anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping records on anarchists for years, the Justice Department had been tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887, though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the breakage of the Oregon land fraud scandal at approximately the turn of the 20th Century, President Roosevelt instructed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous investigative service that would report only to the Attorney General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for personnel, on May 27,1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at Roosevelts urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Investigation was created on July 26,1908, after the Congress had adjourned for the summer. Attorney General Bonaparte, using Department of Justice expense funds, hired thirty-four people, including veterans of the Secret Service. Its first Chief was Stanley Finch, Bonaparte notified the Congress of these actions in December 1908. The bureaus first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the White Slave Traffic Act, or Mann Act, in 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition, in the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure
16.
Precious metal
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A precious metal is a rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical element of high economic value. Chemically, the precious metals tend to be less reactive than most elements and they are usually ductile and have a high lustre. Historically, precious metals were important as currency but are now regarded mainly as investment, Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium each have an ISO4217 currency code. The best known precious metals are the metals, gold. Although both have industrial uses, they are known for their uses in art, jewelry, fine jewelry. Other precious metals include the platinum metals, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium. The demand for metals is driven not only by their practical use but also by their role as investments. Historically, precious metals have commanded much higher prices than common industrial metals, a metal is deemed to be precious if it is rare. The discovery of new sources of ore or improvements in mining or refining processes may cause the value of a metal to diminish. The status of a metal can also be determined by high demand or market value. Precious metals in bulk form are known as bullion and are traded on commodity markets, bullion metals may be cast into ingots or minted into coins. The defining attribute of bullion is that it is valued by its mass, the level of purity varies from issue to issue. The purest mass-produced bullion coins are in the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf series, a 100% pure bullion is nearly impossible, as the percentage of impurities diminishes, it becomes progressively more difficult to purify the metal further. Historically, coins had an amount of weight of alloy. The Krugerrand is the first modern example of measuring in pure gold, other bullion coins show neither the purity nor the fine-gold weight on the coin but are recognized and consistent in their composition. Many coins historically showed a denomination in currency, although nominally issued as legal tender, these coins face value as currency is far below that of their value as bullion. For instance, Canada mints a gold coin at a face value of $50 containing one troy ounce of gold—as of May 2011. Bullion coins minting by national governments gives them some numismatic value in addition to their bullion value, one of the largest bullion coins in the world was the 10, 000-dollar Australian Gold Nugget coin minted in Australia which consists of a full kilogram of 99. 9% pure gold
17.
Somewhere (song)
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Somewhere, sometimes referred to as Somewhere or simply Theres a Place for Us, is a song from the 1957 Broadway musical West Side Story that was made into a film in 1961. In the stage musical, the song appears in the act of the show during the Somewhere Ballet. It is performed by a soprano singer and is later reprised by the entire company. In the original Broadway production, Somewhere was sung by Reri Grist who played the role of Consuela, at the end of the show, when Tony is shot, Maria sings the first few lines of the song as he dies in her arms. In late 1957, this recording was released on the album West Side Story, in the 1961 film, the song occurs at a pivotal point, after the rumble in which Tony has stabbed Marias brother, Bernardo. Having nowhere else to go, Tony runs to Maria, who has just been told of her brothers death, when Tony comes to her room through the balcony window, Maria, in shock, pounds against his chest. Realizing in spite of her anger that she still loves Tony, after Maria cries out, Its not us. its everything around us. Tony replies, Then Ill take you away, where nothing can get to us and he then begins singing Somewhere to her. His comforting voice draws her in and it becomes a duet of hope that their love will survive somehow, someday, as in the stage show, Maria sings the first few lines of the song as Tony dies in her arms. In 2004, this finished at #20 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. Somewhere is the track that is out of sequence on the original soundtrack album as it is the last track on Side 2. This is rectified on the CD as Somewhere is correctly placed in sequence to the film between The Rumble and Cool. In 1964, P. J. Proby released his version of Somewhere, the song also charted well in various European countries. In 1965, the Supremes recorded the song for their album, Theres a Place for Us and they also used it for their debut appearance at the Copacabana nightclub in New York City and it eventually became a fixture of their nightclub acts. They also sang the song on The Ed Sullivan Show and The Hollywood Palace, in the aftermath of the shooting of Martin Luther King, Jr. the monologue was changed to reflect Kings famous I Have a Dream speech. It would once again be nationally televised several months later that year when the group paired up with the Temptations for an NBC television special, thank God almighty, we are free at last. In 1985, Barbra Streisand released a version of Somewhere as a single off the Grammy Award-winning The Broadway Album, charting at number 43 in the US, the song itself won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal. In 2011, a duet was produced using scenes from Streisands version while Jackie Evancho performed live with David Foster at the Ringling Museum of Art, on her 2014 Partners album, she released a new recording of the song, this time as a duet with Josh Groban
18.
Anthony LaPaglia
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Anthony M. LaPaglia/ləpɑːliːɑː/ born 31 January 1959 is an award-winning Australian actor. He also appeared in 8 episodes of Frasier as Daphne Moons alcoholic brother Simon, LaPaglia starred in the Australian films Looking for Alibrandi, Holding the Man, Lantana and Balibo. For the latter two films he won AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in 2001 and 2009. LaPaglia was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the son of Maria Johannes, a secretary and model, and Gedio Eddie LaPaglia, laPaglias mother was Dutch, and his father immigrated from Bovalino, Calabria, Italy, at the age of eighteen. His younger brother, Jonathan LaPaglia, is also an actor, LaPaglia attended Rostrevor College & Norwood High School. LaPaglia was working in Adelaide as a salesman for Florsheim shoes in the early 1980s. He asked to be transferred to the US and continued working there whilst studying acting as he was rejected by the prestigious Sydney drama school NIDA. LaPaglia first began his venture into art in his late teens. The two and half year course was to be supplemented with a three months, which would have included a boot camp and a trial listing with SA Castings. After completing one and half years of the course, LaPaglia left Adelaide for Los Angeles, laPaglias earliest credit was a 1985 part in an episode of the television series Steven Spielbergs Amazing Stories. His first feature film was Cold Steel in 1987, followed that year by the title role of Frank Nitti in the telemovie Nitti. LaPaglia had a role as a mobster in the minor hit Betsys Wedding. LaPaglia also starred alongside Danny Aiello & Lanie Kazan in 29th Street and this was followed by roles in the vampire/Mafia story Innocent Blood, the comedy thriller So I Married an Axe Murderer, the legal thriller The Client, and the comedy Empire Records in 1995. That same year, LaPaglia appeared in the role of Jimmy Wyler, lead character in the TV series Murder One, during its second, LaPaglia also played Tito Merelli in Ken Ludwigs Lend Me a Tenor on Broadway. Before A View From the Bridge opened, LaPaglia was sent a script for the pilot of The Sopranos and met its creator, David Chase, however, various factors, including his Broadway role, prevented LaPaglia obtaining the role. The Sopranos thing didnt work out. and of course it did work out perfectly and you cant imagine that show without James Gandolfini. LaPaglia did, however, later play an actor in a Sopranos-style TV show-within-a-film, spike Lee cast LaPaglia as a New York police detective in Summer of Sam. During 2000–04, LaPaglia appeared in eight episodes of the sitcom Frasier, including the finale, the role won him an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
19.
Joey Diaz
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Jose Antonio Joey CoCo Diaz is a Cuban-American stand-up comedian, actor and podcast host. Born in Cuba and raised in New Jersey, Diaz began his career in the 1991 who had roles in the television series My Name is Earl. Diaz was born in Havana, Cuba as a single child and his mother ran a bar and a successful numbers game operation. He was raised Catholic as a youngster and enjoyed learning stories about Francis of Assisi, Diaz suffered loss in his family early on, he lost his father when he was three, and found his mother dead on the floor in his home at fifteen. During this time, Diaz began taking drugs and committing crimes, Diaz explains that their sense of humor greatly influenced his comedy career, and used lines from his teacher at McKinley School in his act. Diaz was also influenced by albums by Richard Pryor, Diaz wished to become a bookmaker initially, but changed his mind when it was not an honest way of making a living. At nineteen, Diaz left New Jersey for Colorado, I was making money, I was taking classes at night, I had a ski pass, I had a nice apartment. However, his growing homesickness led to his return to New Jersey initially for his birthday in 1984 and he later called this time as the worst 18 months of my life and a mistake, as his cocaine abuse worsened. In June 1985, Diaz left New Jersey for good and returned to Colorado to study economics at the University of Colorado at Boulder and he did not enjoy his time there, and quit before taking up work selling roofing which earned him money, but he remained unhappy. Developments in his life were interrupted by a stint in prison in 1988, following his arrest for kidnapping, during his six-month stay in prison, Diaz would perform stand-up routines for his fellow inmates during the weekly film screening event when the projector broke. It took Diaz a further three years to try stand-up, despite being told of his talent, and later called his entry into the line of work as the last resort as he had many other jobs in the past. He finally tried it after he saw Punchline and spotted an advert for stand-up comedy classes in the Rocky Mountain Post for a $37 fee, before he started, he landed a job as a doorman at Wits End. Diaz performed his first routine on June 18,1991 at the Comedy Works in Denver at a show headlined by Matt Woods. In April 1992, prior to his spot for Troy Baxley in Boulder, Colorado. He then ceased to take the substance before a performance, after developing his act, Diaz entered the Becks Amateur Comedy Competition and won. He initially lost another competition until the winner was caught stealing jokes made famous by Jerry Seinfeld, Diaz claimed Comedy Works manager Wende Curtis promised him a flight to Los Angeles for a showcase spot at The Comedy Store for owner Mitzi Shore, but never received either. Diaz went on to participate in a similar contest in Seattle, Washington, in 1994, Diaz returned to the Comedy Works and found Curtis had started a developmental program for comics which he joined. The process involved group writing sessions at Woods home followed by sets in the club the same evening, at one point, Curtis banned Diaz from the Comedy Works before it was lifted after they met years later
20.
Pat Cooper
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Pat Cooper is an American actor and comedian. Cooper started performing in the 1950s, originally for primarily Italian-American audiences and his big break came in 1963 on The Jackie Gleason Show. Afterwards, he played the top such as the 500 Club, Latin Casino, Palumbos, Atlantic City and Las Vegas Hotels. Cooper would appear on the shows as Frank Sinatra, Jimmy Durante, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Sergio Franchi, Sammy Davis Jr. Connie Francis, Bobby Darin, Tony Martin. On May 2,1969, Cooper and singer Jimmy Roselli premiered in their show at Broadways Palace Theatre. Cooper played fictional mobster Salvatore Masiello in the film Analyze This and in the sequel Analyze That, as well as playing lawyer and he has also guest-starred on television series such as Vega$, Charlies Angels, Its a Living and L. A. Law. He was a contributor to Colin Quinns late-night show on Comedy Central. In 2005, he released a DVD called Youre Always Yelling and in 2010, he co-authored with Steve Garrin and Rich Herschlag his autobiography called How Dare You Say How Dare Me. His father, Michael Caputo, was a bricklayer from Mola di Bari, Italy and his mother, Louise Gargiulo was born in Brooklyn, New York, Cooper often makes reference to his Italian heritage in his stand up comedy routines. Cooper has been married twice, he has two children from his first marriage and one adopted daughter from his marriage to singer Patti Prince. He is estranged from members of his family and former close friends. Pat Cooper at the Internet Movie Database Kliph Nesteroff interviews Pat Cooper, February 16,2011 - Part One Kliph Nesteroff interviews Pat Cooper, February 16,2011 - Part Two
21.
Demetri Martin
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Demetri Evan Martin is an American comedian, actor, artist, musician, writer, and humorist. He is best known for his work as a comedian, being a contributor on The Daily Show. Martin was born in New York City, New York to a Greek American family and he is the son of Lillian and Greek Orthodox priest Dean C. He grew up in Toms River, New Jersey, and has a brother named Spyro. Martin graduated from Yale University in 1995, during his time there, he wrote a 224-word poem about alcoholism as a project for a fractal geometry class, which became a well known palindromic poem. He was also a member of the Anti-Gravity Society, whose members juggle objects on Sunday evenings on Yales Old Campus, although Martin was admitted to Harvard Law School, he decided to attend New York University School of Law upon receiving a full scholarship. Martin withdrew from law school before the start of his final year, in 2001, Martin caught his first big break in stand-up comedy when he appeared on Comedy Centrals stand-up showcase Premium Blend. At the 2003 Edinburgh Festival Fringe he won the Perrier award with his show If I, the show was turned into a BBC television special in 2004. From 2003 to 2004, Martin wrote for Late Night with Conan OBrien, in 2004, Martin had his own Comedy Central Presents stand-up special. His special was divided into three parts, in the first, he performed in traditional stand-up comedy fashion. In the second segment, he used humorous drawings as visual aids, martins mother and grandmother also appeared. Starting in late 2005, he was credited as a contributor on The Daily Show, on which he appeared as the named Senior Youth Correspondent and he used this segment to talk about so-called hip trends among youth such as hookahs, wine, guerilla marketing and Xbox 360. A piece about social networking featured his profile on MySpace, on March 22,2007, Martin made another appearance on The Daily Show, talking about the Viacom lawsuit against Google and YouTube. He is no longer a Daily Show contributor as of 2014 and he has recorded a comedy album titled These Are Jokes, which was released on September 26,2006. This album also features Saturday Night Live member Will Forte and stand-up comedian Leo Allen, Martin returned to The Daily Show on March 22,2006, as the new Youth Correspondent, calling his segment Professional Important News with Demetri Martin. In 2007, he starred in a Fountains of Wayne music video for Someone to Love as Seth Shapiro and he also starred in the video for the Travis single Selfish Jean, in which he wears multiple T-shirts with lyrics written on them. On September 2,2007, Martin appeared on the finale of the HBO series Flight of the Conchords. He appeared as a player named Demetri
22.
Gina Lynn
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Gina Lynn is a Puerto Rican former pornographic actress, model, and stripper. She was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2010 and is the Penthouse magazine Penthouse Pet for April 2012, Lynn was born in Puerto Rico and moved to New Jersey at age five. She was raised in Jackson Township, New Jersey, in June 2000, Lynn signed a one-year exclusive performing contract with Pleasure Productions. As of 2009 she continues to make movies for the company, as well as for her own studio and she also directs and has over 20 films to her credit. In 2006 Lynn was the subject of an interview by the Detroit newspaper Metro Times. The article compared Lynn to fellow actors such as Jewel DeNyle, Belladonna, Taylor St. Claire. In March 2012, Lynn was announced by Penthouse to be their Penthouse Pet for April 2012, in 2012 Lynn announced that she had retired from the porn industry, but continues to appear on webcams
23.
Joyce Brothers
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Joyce Diane Brothers was an American psychologist, television personality and columnist, who wrote a daily newspaper advice column from 1960 to 2013. In 1958, she presented a show on which she dispensed psychological advice. She wrote a column for Good Housekeeping for almost forty years and became, according to The Washington Post, Brothers appeared in dozens of television roles, usually as herself, but from the 1970s onward she accepted roles portraying fictional characters, often self-parodies. Radio therapist Laura Schlessinger credited Brothers with making psychology accessible, Joyce Diane Bauer was born in 1927 in Brooklyn, New York, to Estelle and Morris K. Bauer, attorneys who shared a law practice. She graduated from Far Rockaway High School in January 1944 and she entered Cornell University, double majoring in home economics and psychology and was a member of Sigma Delta Tau sorority. She earned her Ph. D degree in psychology from Columbia University, the American Association of University Women AAUW awarded Brothers the American Fellowship in 1952, which enabled her to complete the doctoral degree. She married Milton Brothers, an internist, in 1949, the couple had a daughter, Lisa. Milton Brothers died in 1989 from cancer, Brothers resided in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where she died in 2013, aged 85. Brothers gained fame in late 1955 by winning The $64,000 Question game show, originally, she had not planned to have boxing as her topic, but the sponsors suggested it, and she agreed. After seven weeks on the show she became the second person, two years later, Brothers appeared on a successor program, The $64,000 Challenge, which matched the contestant against experts in the field. Again, Brothers walked off with the maximum prize, in 1959, allegations that quiz shows were rigged, due to the Charles Van Doren controversy on the quiz show Twenty One, began to surface and stirred controversy. Despite these claims, Brothers insisted she had not cheated, nor ever been given any answers to questions in advance, during a 1959 hearing in the quiz show scandal, a producer exonerated her of involvement. Her success on The $64,000 Question earned Brothers a chance to be the commentator for CBS during the boxing match between Carmen Basilio and Sugar Ray Robinson. She was said to have been the first woman boxing commentator and she claimed to have been the first television psychologist, explaining to The Washington Post, I invented media psychology. Brothers presented syndicated advice shows on television and radio, during a broadcasting career that lasted more than four decades. Her shows changed names numerous times, from The Dr. Joyce Brothers Show to Consult Dr. Brothers to Tell Me, in 1964, she interviewed and posed for publicity photographs with The Beatles on their first visit to the United States. She also published books including the 1981 book, What Every Woman Should Know About Men. Her advice was also used as a source for some questions on the 1998–2004 incarnation of Hollywood Squares, as a psychologist, Brothers had been licensed in New York since 1958
24.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
25.
Psychotherapy
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Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change and overcome problems in desired ways. Certain psychotherapies are considered evidence-based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders, there are over a thousand different psychotherapy techniques, some being minor variations, while others are based on very different conceptions of psychology, ethics or techniques. Most involve one-to-one sessions, between client and therapist, but some are conducted with groups, including families, the term psychotherapy is derived from Ancient Greek psyche and therapeia. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it now as The treatment of disorders of the mind or personality by psychological methods, the American Psychological Association adopted a resolution on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in 2012 based on a definition developed by John C. Some definitions of counseling overlap with psychotherapy, or counseling may refer to guidance for everyday problems in specific areas, somatotherapy refers to the use of physical methods as treatments, and sociotherapy to the use of a persons social environment to effect therapeutic change. Historically psychotherapy has sometimes meant interpretative methods, namely psychoanalysis, in contrast with other methods to treat disorders such as behavior modification. Psychotherapy is often dubbed talking therapy, particularly for a general audience, children or adults who do not engage in verbal communication are not excluded from psychotherapy, indeed some types are designed for such cases. Psychotherapists may be mental health professionals, professionals from other backgrounds trained in a specific therapy, psychiatrists are first trained as physicians. As such, they may prescribe prescription medication, specialist psychiatric training begins after medical school in psychiatric residencies. Clinical psychologists have specialist doctoral degrees in psychology with clinical and research components, clinical social workers, mental health and intellectual disability nurses may have specialized training and practical experience in psychotherapy. Many of the variety of training programs and institutional settings are multi-professional. In most countries professionals doing specialized psychotherapeutic work also require a program of continuing education after the basic degree, as sensitive and deeply personal topics are often discussed during psychotherapy, therapists are expected, and usually legally bound, to respect client or patient confidentiality. As of 2015 there is much variation between European countries. A few have no regulation of the practice or no protection of the title, which titles are protected also varies. The European Association for Psychotherapy set up after the 1990 Strasbourg Declaration on Psychotherapy attempts to set independent pan-European standards, Social workers may complete the specialist training for child and teenage clients. Similarly in Italy, the practice of psychotherapy is restricted to graduates in psychology or medicine who have completed four years of recognised specialist training, austria and Switzerland have laws that recognize multidifunctional-disciplinary approaches. In the United Kingdom, psychotherapy is voluntarily regulated, there are many smaller professional bodies and associations such as the Association of Child Psychotherapists and the British Psychotherapy Foundation. Licensing and regulation are performed by the various states, presentation of practice as licensed, but without such a license, is generally illegal
26.
Vincent Gigante
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Vincent Louis Gigante, also known as Chin, was a New York Italian-American mobster in the American Mafia who was boss of the Genovese crime family from 1981 to 2005. Gigante started out as a boxer who fought 25 bouts between 1944 and 1947. He then started working as a Mafia enforcer for what was then the Luciano crime family, Gigante was one of five brothers, Mario, Pasquale, Ralph and he all became mobsters in the Luciano family, forerunner of the Genovese family. Only one brother, Louis, stayed out of the crime family, Gigante was the shooter in the failed assassination of longtime Luciano boss Frank Costello in 1957. Gigante was one of Genoveses most loyal supporters, siding with him throughout the struggle for power with Costello, Gigante quickly rose to power during the 1960s and 1970s. By 1981 he became the boss, while Anthony Fat Tony Salerno served as front boss during the first half of the 1980s. He also ordered the murder attempt of Gambino crime family boss John Gotti in 1986. With the arrest and conviction of Gotti and various Gambino family members in 1992, for the better part of 30 years, Gigante feigned insanity in an effort to throw law enforcement off his trail. He was indicted on racketeering charges in 1990, but was determined to be mentally unfit to stand trial. In 1997 he was tried and convicted of racketeering and was given a 12-year sentence, facing new charges in 2003, he pleaded guilty and admitted that his supposed insanity was an elaborate effort to avoid prosecution. He died while in custody in 2005 at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners. Gigante was born in Lower East Side, Manhattan to Salvatore Esposito Vulgo Gigante, an engraver, and Yolanda Santasilia Gigante. His parents were first generation immigrants from Naples, Italy and never learned the English language, Vincent and his extended family relatives settled in New York City and Westchester County including Connecticut and Massachusetts. Gigantes nickname, The Chin, derived from his mothers use of the Italian pronunciation of his given name and he had four brothers, Mario, Pasquale A. Gigante and Ralph, who followed him into a life of organized crime before passing away in 1994. His last brother Louis Gigante became an ordained Roman Catholic priest at St. Athanasius Church in the South Bronx, Gigante graduated from Public School 3 in West Village, Manhattan and later attended Textile High school. At the age of sixteen, in Grade 9, he dropped out to pursue a career as a professional boxer, as a teenager, Gigante became the protégé of Genovese crime family patriarch Vito Genovese and Philip Lombardo. Between the ages of 17 and 25, he was arrested seven times on charges ranging from receiving stolen goods, possession of an unlicensed handgun, Most of the allegations were dismissed and the longest sentence he served was 60 days for the illegal gambling conviction. During this time he said he was employed as a tailor and his brother Louis insisted that Vincent had a tested IQ of 69
27.
Bellevue Hospital
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NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, formerly Bellevue Hospital Center, was founded on March 31,1736 and is the oldest public hospital in the United States. Located on First Avenue in the Kips Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, Bellevue Hospital is also home to FDNY EMS Station 08, formerly NYC*EMS Station 13. It handles nearly 670,000 non-ER outpatient clinic visits, nearly 116,000 emergency visits, more than 80 percent of Bellevue’s patients come from the city’s medically underserved populations. The hospital currently occupies a 25-story patient care facility with an ICU, digital radiology communication, the hospital has an attending physician staff of 1,800 and an in-house staff of about 5,500. Bellevue was renamed in November 2015 as a reflection of its parent organizations rebranding, Bellevue traces its origins to the citys first permanent almshouse, a two-story brick building completed in 1736 on the city common, now New York City Hall. When the grid system of streets was established in 1811, the survey had to take the hospital account. The hospital was formally named Bellevue Hospital in 1824, by 1787 Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons had assigned faculty and medical students to Bellevue. Columbia faculty and students would remain at Bellevue for the next 181 years, New York University faculty began to conduct clinical instruction at the hospital in 1819. In 1849, an amphitheater for teaching and surgery opened. In 1861, the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, the first medical college in New York with connections to a hospital, was founded, for this reason the name Bellevue is sometimes used as a metonym for psychiatric hospitals. Bellevue initiated a training program in 1883, it is still the model for surgical training worldwide. The Carnegie Laboratory, the nations first pathology and bacteriology laboratory, was founded there a year later, by 1892, Bellevue established a dedicated unit for alcoholics. In 1902, the administrative Bellevue and Allied Hospitals organization were formed by the city, b&AH also included Gouverneur Hospital, Harlem Hospital, and Fordham Hospital. BA&H opened doors to female and black physicians, in the midst of a tuberculosis epidemic a year later, the Bellevue Chest Service was founded. Bellevue opened the nations first ambulatory cardiac clinic in 1911, followed by the Western Hemispheres first ward for metabolic disorders in 1917, New York Citys Office of the Chief Medical Examiner began on the second floor in 1918. German spy and saboteur Fritz Joubert Duquesne escaped the prison ward in 1919 after having feigned paralysis for nearly two years. PS106, the first public school for the emotionally disturbed children located in a public hospital, in 1939, David Margolis began work on nine Work Projects Administration murals in entrance rotunda titled Materials of Relaxation, which were completed in 1941. New York Citys Office of the chief Medical Examiner moved out of the floor and into its new building at 520 First Avenue
28.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
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September 11 attacks
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The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11,2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, two of the planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia and it was the deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States, with 343 and 72 killed respectively. Suspicion for the attack fell on al-Qaeda. The United States responded to the attacks by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded the powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies to prevent terrorist attacks. Although al-Qaedas leader, Osama bin Laden, initially denied any involvement, al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U. S. support of Israel, the presence of U. S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives. Having evaded capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was located and killed by SEAL Team Six of the U. S. Navy in May 2011. S. many closings, evacuations, and cancellations followed, out of respect or fear of further attacks. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, on November 18,2006, construction of One World Trade Center began at the World Trade Center site. The building was opened on November 3,2014. The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden traveled to Afghanistan and helped organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets. Under the guidance of Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden became more radical, in 1996, bin Laden issued his first fatwā, calling for American soldiers to leave Saudi Arabia. Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances are reversed, Muslim legal scholars have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries, according to bin Laden. Bin Laden, who orchestrated the attacks, initially denied but later admitted involvement, in November 2001, U. S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the video, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al-Harbi, on December 27,2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the video, he said, It has become clear that the West in general and it is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, the transcript refers several times to the United States specifically targeting Muslims. He said that the attacks were carried out because, we are free, and want to regain freedom for our nation. As you undermine our security we undermine yours, Bin Laden said he had personally directed his followers to attack the World Trade Center and the Pentagon
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Audi
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Audi is a German automobile manufacturer that designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxury vehicles. Audi is a member of the Volkswagen Group and has its roots at Ingolstadt, Bavaria, audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide. The modern era of Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, the company name is based on the Latin translation of the surname of the founder, August Horch. Horch, meaning listen in German, becomes audi in Latin, the four rings of the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audis predecessor company, Auto Union. Audis slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning Advancement through Technology, however, since 2007 Audi USA has used the slogan Truth in Engineering. Audi, along with BMW and Mercedes are among the luxury automobile brands in the world. Originally in 1885, automobile company Wanderer was established, later becoming a branch of Audi AG, another company, NSU, which also later merged into Audi, was founded during this time, and later supplied the chassis for Gottlieb Daimlers four-wheeler. On 14 November 1899, August Horch established the company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne, three years later in 1902 he moved with his company to Reichenbach im Vogtland. On May, 10th,1904 he founded the August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, after troubles with Horch chief financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke and founded in Zwickau on 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued him for trademark infringement, the German Reichsgericht in Leipzig, eventually determined that the Horch brand belonged to his former company. Since August Horch was prohibited from using Horch as a name in his new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher from Zwickau. At the apartment of Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to come up with a new name for the company, during this meeting, Franzs son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the room. Horch. in German means Hark. or hear, which is Audi in the imperative form of audire – to listen – in Latin. The idea was accepted by everyone attending the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau was entered in the register of Zwickau registration court. The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type A 10/22 hp Sport-Phaeton, was produced in the same year, followed by the successor Type B 10/28PS in the same year. Audi started with a 2,612 cc inline-four engine model Type A, followed by a 3,564 cc model and these cars were successful even in sporting events
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Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
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Diamond District
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47th Street is an east-west running street between First Avenue and the West Side Highway in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west, the street features the Diamond District in a single block and also courses through Times Square. The Factory was Andy Warhols original New York City studio from 1963 to 1968, the Factory was located on the fifth floor at 231 East 47th Street, between Second Avenue and Third Avenue. The top duplex of the Dyckmans Jewelry Exchange at 73 West 47th Street was Russian emigrant artist Alexander Neys studio and home for four decades following his immigration from the Soviet Union. After opening in 1920 on West 45th Street, the Gotham Book Mart later moved to 51 West 47th Street, Vanderbilt Avenue is a short street that runs from 42nd Street to 47th Street, between Park Avenue and Madison Avenue. The street was built as the result of construction of Grand Central Terminal, the portion of 47th Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue is known as the Diamond District, which hosts a kosher cafe, the IDT Megabite Café. An NHL store stands at 1185 Sixth Avenue between West 46th Street and West 47th Street and it is the only one of its kind in the country and has its own Starbucks within the store. The TKTS booth, reconstructed and reopened in 2008, is located on 47th Street at Duffy Square, theater-goers may purchase Broadway theatre tickets at a discount of 25 to 50% for listed plays and musicals on the day of the shows. The Morgan Stanley Building is located diagonally opposite to TKTS at Broadway, Broadway theatre is well represented on West 47th Street between Broadway and Eighth Avenue, including the Brooks Atkinson Theatre, the Ethel Barrymore Theatre at and the Biltmore Theater. The Diamond District is between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, a notable, long-time anomaly of the district was the famous Gotham Book Mart, a bookstore, which was located at 41 West 47th Street from 1946 to 2004. The move uptown started in 1941, most of them remained after World War II, and remain a dominant influence in the Diamond District. Another factor in the move was the co-location of finance and insurance companies who moved into the downtown districts. By 1941, the Diamond Dealers Club—an exclusive club that acts as a de facto diamond exchange and has its own synagogue—officially made the move up to midtown as well. The area is one of the centers of the global diamond industry. Total receipts for the value of a single days trade on the block average $400 million, an estimated 90% of diamonds in the United States enter through New York. There are 2,600 independent businesses located in the district, most are located in booths at one of the 25 exchanges in the district, and in a public corridor to 46th Street. Commission based hawkers are also a sight and they usually solicit business for stores located on the street level. Many deals are finalized by a simple, traditional blessing and handshake, retailers with shops line the streets outside
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Gallagher's Steakhouse
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These were the days of Prohibition and Gallagher’s was one of the first speakeasy gathering places for gamblers, sports figures, and stars of Broadway. There is now a location in the New York-New York Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, the restaurant opened, next door to the Alvin Theater just nights before Funny Face opened. In 1933, when FDR took office he fulfilled his promise to end Prohibition, with liquor now legal, Gallagher and Solomon brought a new style of restaurant, Broadway’s first steak house. This is where the first “New York Strip” steak was served, the establishment was basic and had the informal atmosphere of a speakeasy mixed with an American country inn. The walls were covered with photos of the stars of Broadway, Hollywood, business, politics, even the stars of Belmont Park and Aqueduct Racetrack at Jamaica are honored. When Helen died, Jack Solomon married Irene Hayes, who was also a former Ziegfeld girl and one of the top florists in Manhattan whose business is still known as Irene Hayes Wadley & Smythe. After a number of years at the helm, as the owner of Gallaghers, Hayes decided to sell and chose Jerome Brody, the restaurateur responsible for the Rainbow Room. In 2008, the menu at Gallaghers was changed by the new management, most important among the changes was the removal and exclusion of Porterhouse steak, which once graced the frozen windows of the meat locker that greets customers as they enter the restaurant. This caused some of Gallaghers old customers to complain about the removal of the Porterhouse, the Trophy Room is a space for business meetings, private dining or events. Located on the floor it features a bar, real wood-paneled walls. The Trophy Room accommodates 110 seated,200 reception style,100 theater style, in January 2013, Gallaghers was purchased by Long Island restaurateur Dean Poll, who also owns Central Parks Loeb Boathouse. Gallaghers closed for renovations in July 2013, Gallaghers Steakhouse re-opened in early February 2014 with a new menu, which does include the porterhouse, and renovated interior
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Rikers Island
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Supposedly named after Abraham Rycken who bought the island in 1664, the island is home to one of the worlds largest correctional institutions and mental institutions. The island was originally under 100 acres in size, but has grown over four times to more than 400 acres. Much of the first stages of expansion was accomplished by convict labor hauling in ashes for landfill, the island itself is politically part of the Bronx, though it is included as part of Queens Community Board 1 and has a Queens ZIP code of 11370. Rikers Island is also notorious for assaults by inmates on staff resulting in often serious injuries making Rikers Island one of the most dangerous places to work. In May 2013, Rikers Island ranked as one of the ten worst correctional facilities in the United States, violence on Rikers Island has been increasing in recent years. In 2015 there were 9,424 assaults, the highest number in 5 years, on the other hand, murder is relatively rare on the island, with none recorded in 2015 or 2016. Rikers Island is therefore not a prison by US terminology, which holds offenders serving longer-term sentences. It is home to ten of the New York City Department of Corrections fifteen facilities, the Bantum, Kross, Motchan, and Vierno facilities house detained male adults. Taylor houses sentenced male adolescents and adults, Davoren primarily houses male inmates who are of ages 16 through 18. Singer houses detained and sentenced female adolescents and adults, North Infirmary primarily houses inmates who require medical attention from an infirmary. West Facility houses inmates who have diseases that are contagious, the average daily inmate population on the island is about 10,000, although it can hold a maximum of 15,000. The daytime population can be 20,000 or more, the only access to the island is from Queens, over the 4, 200-foot three-lane Francis Buono Bridge, dedicated on November 22,1966, by Mayor John Lindsay. Before the bridge was constructed, the access to the island was by ferry. Transportation is also provided by the Q100 MTA Regional Bus Operations route, there are also privately operated shuttles that connect the parking lot at the south end to the island. Bus service within the island for visitors visiting inmates is provided by the New York City Department of Correction on Fridays through Sundays, the Infirmary also has the capacity to house overflow inmates from conventional populations. The rest of the facilities, all built in the last 67 years, there is also the Vernon C. Bain Correctional Center, a floating barge and it is also home to a large composting facility. Rikers Island has been referred to as the worlds largest penal colony, for comparison, Europes largest correctional facility, Silivri Prison in European Turkey, sits on 256 acres and houses 10,904 prisoners
