The ancient universities of Scotland are medieval and renaissance universities which continue to exist in the present day. The majority of the ancient universities of the British Isles are located within Scotland, have a number of distinctive features in common, being governed by a series of measures laid down in the Universities Acts 1858–1966; the Universities Act 1966 uses the term'older universities' to refer to St Andrews, Glasgow and Edinburgh. The same act provided for the independence from St Andrews of Dundee, granted a similar form of governance under its royal charter. In common with the other ancient universities of the United Kingdom, the Scottish ancients find themselves administered in a quite different fashion from these new universities and are granted a number of privileges as a result of their different status. Following the creation of the ancient universities before the end of the 16th century, no other universities were formed in Scotland until the twentieth century; the first'new university' of the era was the University of Strathclyde which received its royal charter in 1964, although it traces its origins back to the Andersonian Institute founded in 1796.

Most sources cite four ancient universities of Scotland which are, in order of foundation: University of St Andrews – founded 1413 University of Glasgow – founded 1451 University of Aberdeen – founded 1495 University of Edinburgh – founded 1583 The University of St Andrews owed its origin to a society formed in 1410 by Laurence of Lindores, archdeacon Richard Cornwall, bishop William Stephenson and others. Bishop Henry Wardlaw issued a charter in 1411 and attracted the most learned men in Scotland as professors. In 1413 Avignon Pope Benedict XIII issued six bulls confirming the charter and constituting the society a university. University College Dundee was absorbed into St Andrews University, subsequently becoming Queen's College; the University of Dundee separated from the University of St Andrews in 1967. The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451 by a papal bull of Pope Nicholas V, at the request of King James II, giving Bishop William Turnbull permission to add the university to the city's cathedral.

Its founding came about as a result of King James II's wish that Scotland have two Universities, to equal Oxford and Cambridge of England. No college is mentioned in the foundation bill, only a university and it was the "University of Aberdeen" by that name, established in 1495. Subsequently, a single college known as St. Mary of the Nativity, was established. Soon the entity came to be called King's College, after its royal founder James IV. A separate university was founded in 1593. In 1860, King's merged with Marischal College. While both institutions were universities and would be considered ancient, the Act of Parliament uniting the two specified that the date of the foundation of the new united university would be taken to be that of the older King's College. Aberdeen was unusual at this time for having two universities in one city: as 20th-century University prospectuses observed, Aberdeen had the same number as existed in England at the time. In addition, a further university was set up to the north of Aberdeen in Fraserburgh from 1595, but was closed down about a decade later.

A further institute, established in 1750 under the wishes of Robert Gordon, a wealthy University of Aberdeen alumnus has since evolved into the modern Robert Gordon University. The founding of the University is attributed to Bishop Robert Reid of St Magnus Cathedral, Orkney, who left the funds on his death in 1558 that provided the University's endowment; the University was established by a Royal Charter granted by James VI in 1582. As the first University to be founded by Royal Charter at the urging of the "town council and burges of Edinburgh" some student groups at the other Scottish ancient universities denied Edinburgh was worthy of that title, stating the reasoning of "post reformation"; the Scottish Government considers it to be ancient. The University of Dundee gained independent university status by Royal Charter in 1967, having been a college of the University of St Andrews. While not governed by the Universities Acts, the institution's Royal Charter provided for it to adopt the characteristics of ancient university governance such as the academic senate, awarding the undergraduate MA degree and electing a Rector.

As a consequence, some sources have grouped the University of Dundee among the ancient universities. The label has been used by the university itself. At the installation of the university's Rector in 2007, the Principal and Vice Chancellor Sir Alan Langlands addressed the issue, noting:'The position of Rector is something that Dundee shares with only four other universities in Scotland - the so-called "Ancient Universities". For Dundee to be classed with the "ancients" - at a youthful age of forty - feels a bit like finding someone getting up to offer you their seat on the bus when you feel that you are still a bit on the young side, but we accept this "ancient" tag, with grace, as a mark of our history and distinction and a reinforcement of the University's commitment to student representation at levels.' Despite being held as an ancient university, the University of Aberdeen was only created in 1860. The university was formed by the amalg

Wolves at the Gate is a Christian metal and post-hardcore band from Cedarville, United States. Formed in 2008, they're signed to Solid State Records, where the band released three EPs: We Are the Ones, Back to School, Reprise, four full-length albums: Captors, VxV, Types & Shadows, a Christmas single entitled "The King" in 2012; the band formed in 2008, are from Cedarville, Ohio. In September 2011, the band signed to label Solid State Records; the band released their first EP on November 15, 2011 entitled We Are the Ones, their second on September 30, 2013 entitled Back to School. The band released their debut studio album Captors on July 2012, with Solid State. For the Billboard charting week of July 21, 2012, Captors charted at No. 7 on the Billboard Christian Albums chart, at No. 17 on the Hard Rock Albums chart. Their next album, VxV, was released on June 10, 2014; the band released the song "Dust to Dust" on April 24, 2014. The band's third album and Shadows, was released on November 4, 2016.

Their fourth album, was announced on April 24, 2019, with a planned release date of July 26, 2019. At the same time, new band photos were released with a new member, Joey Alarcon coming in on guitars, they released its first single, "The Cure", on April 26, 2019. A second single, "A Voice in the Violence", was released on May 16, 2019. A third single, "Drifter", was premiered via Revolver Magazine on June 13, 2019. Current Steve Cobucci – guitars, clean vocals Ben Summers – bass, backing vocals Nick Detty – unclean vocals, piano Abishai Collingsworth – drums Joey Alarcon – guitars Former Ryan Connelly – drums Dave Nester – drums Colin Jones – unclean vocals Jeremy Steckel – lead guitar Ben Millhouse – drums Dylan Baxter – drums Timeline HM Magazine story ChristCore interview

The following lists events that happened in 1981 in Iceland. President – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Prime Minister – Gunnar Thoroddsen 7 January – Ármann Smári Björnsson, footballer 22 March – Rakel Logadóttir, footballer 29 April – Ragnhildur Steinunn Jónsdóttir, television personality 13 July – Helgi Daníelsson, footballer 31 August – Örn Arnarson, swimmer. 5 September – Logi Gunnarsson, basketball player 4 October – Friðrik Ómar, singer 12 October – Indriði Sigurðsson, footballer 17 October – Snorri Guðjónsson, handball player 10 December – Hólmar Örn Rúnarsson, footballer 14 December – Haraldur Freyr Guðmundsson, footballer 28 July – Magnús Kjartansson, journalist and politician

Sophie Lee is an Australian film and television actress and author. Lee worked as a model early in her career, both in Australia and Japan appearing in print and on TV, her first feature film was Raw Silk in 1988. She first rose to fame in 1990 for hosting The Bugs Bunny Show on Australian TV; the show provoked controversy through her wardrobe, publicised as "middle-aged men... rush home from work in time to watch Sophie throw to Bugs Bunny cartoons". The Nine Network series, which had not been hosted, featured Bugs Bunny and other Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons, plus occasional other material, such as an interview between Sophie and Kylie Minogue, she was cast by executive producer David Lyle out of 150 candidates. In 1991, Lee started playing the ongoing role of Penny Wellings in the drama series The Flying Doctors; that year Lee, on saxophone and vocals, formed a pop group, Freaked Out Flower Children, with Gumpy Phillips on lead vocals and guitar. In December that year the group issued their sole album, Love In, which Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, found was "full of syncopated beats and breezy melodies wrapped around tunes".

The group's debut single, "Spill the Wine", was a cover version of Eric War's 1970 hit. Freaked Out Flower Children's version reached No. 31 on the ARIA Singles Chart but by 1993 the group had disbanded "the concept had run its course... retro-cabaret and day-glo focus of the ensemble... did little to foster a sense of longevity". In 1992, she hosted the TV series Sex. Lee built on this in the media, speaking out on feminism and the need for sex education in the AIDS era. Lee has acted in a number of iconic films, including the Australian comedies Muriel's Wedding and The Castle as well as cult films such as He Died with a Felafel in His Hand and Titsiana Booberini, she is a patron of "Big Screen" at the National Sound Archive. For her performance in the 1997 film The Castle, Lee was nominated for the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Supporting Actress. Lee has appeared in a number of stage productions, including Mr Kolpert with the Sydney Theatre Company and the title role in "The Virgin Mim".

From 2008, she has hosted "Natgeo Presents with Sophie Lee" on the National Geographic channel. She is a commentator on the series 20 to 1, she has now branched into writing, releasing a book in 2007 titled "Alice in La La Land" through Random House publishing. The book is inspired by her time spent in Hollywood. In 2007, she became a columnist for "Sunday Magazine". In 2009 Sophie released her first children's novel titled "Edie Amelia and the Monkey Shoe Mystery", a story for 7+ year olds, published by Pan Macmillan; the second title in the series is "Edie Amelia and The Runcible River Fever". Born in Newcastle, New South Wales, her family did not have a TV in the house, as her father, a philosophy professor at the University of Newcastle, preferred more intellectual pursuits, she attended the local public school in Dudley, St Mary's Convent school. She completed year 12 at St Francis Xavier College, Hamilton, in 1986, achieving academic excellence, she appeared in a school production of "Frankenstein".

She moved to Sydney at age 18 for her career. When working at GTV-9 in the early 1990s, she lived in Victoria. For six years up to early 2000, she was the partner of Melbourne comedian/writer/actor Mick Molloy appearing on his nationally syndicated radio show. In 2002 she married Anthony Freedman; the couple have a daughter and two sons and Jack. Australian band TISM's song "Get Thee to a Nunnery" was about Sophie Lee, mentioning her by name. 23 June 2009 Lee appeared on the Australian Television show Talkin"Bout Your Generation as a member of the'Generation X' team. Sophie Lee article at the Museum of Broadcast Communications Sophie Lee on IMDb Freaked Out Flower Children – Spill the Wine, YouTube Pre-fame Portmans ad YouTube

The Sta. Maria Football Club is an amateur Filipino football club, based in Sta. Maria, Bulacan; the team lastly competed in the Weekend Futbol League and still competing on local tournaments in their community. The club made its debut as a guest team in the 2014–15 season of the Weekend Futbol League Cup competition, a competition sanctioned by the National Capital Region F. A.. The name of the football club was derived from the name of the town where the club was founded. Sta. Maria F. C. was established on December 31, 2012 with the vision of being the official football team of the town of Santa Maria, Bulacan. The club was founded by local football fans led by Marvin John Ignacio; the club was known as the Kenyo United Football Club, a play on the word "Bulakenyo," before it was renamed to its current incarnation. The first squad of the club was formed by Sta. Maria, Bulacan locals; the club expanded its roster, with some players coming from Metro Manila. SMFC solidified its football roots during its entry in the 2014 season of the WFL Cup.

The club was drawn last, with the British School Manila Leons F. C. set to be their first opponent. The club ended their run in the competition with a 21–0 loss against the Leons. Managers by Years

Things Behind the Sun is a 2001 film directed by Allison Anders and starring Kim Dickens and Gabriel Mann. Its title is taken from a song by Nick Drake, it was given a limited theatrical release. Owen, a young reporter for a Los Angeles-based music magazine, goes back to his Florida hometown to interview Sherry, a local rock singer. Sherry and her band are becoming popular because of a song she wrote about being sexually assaulted as a girl. Owen's reasons for returning to his hometown are more than professional, however: he and Sherry were close friends in childhood. Through flashbacks, the movie recalls Owen's memory of a critical moment in that past. In the end, Owen informs his brother Dan that he sent the details of the crime committed to Dan's parole officer and to his editor, he describes his own role in the crime – he participated in a gang-rape he was unable to prevent. Owen is able find some of the twelve girls who convinces them to testify against Dan; when Dan vehemently asks why Owen is doing this, Owen replies.

Aria Alpert - Violet Ruben Anders - Carlos Rosanna Arquette - Pete Mitchell Boshnack - Cape Canaveral Police Officer #1 Owen Butler - Young Owen Caitlin Caldwell - Girl at House Don Cheadle - Chuck Gill Cordell - AA Secretary Justin DePrume - Young Dan Kim Dickens - Sherry Hal Dion - Public Defender Brittany Renee Finamore - Young Sherry Alison Folland - Lulu Jessie Gelaznik - Magazine Intern / L. A. Club Band: Cowboys and Indians Jade Gordon - Sam Gabriel Mann - Owen Shawn Reaves - Tex Patsy Kensit - Denise 24 January 2001 at the Sundance Film Festival 28 April 2001 at the Los Angeles Film Festival 7 July 2001 at the Karlovy Vary Film Festival 2002 won the Peabody Award 2002 nominated for Best Television Feature or Miniseries at the Edgar Allan Poe Awards 2002 nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie at the Emmy Awards 2002 nominated for Best Feature, Best Female Lead, & Best Supporting Male at the Independent Spirit Awards Things Behind the Sun on IMDb DVD review of film Culture Vulture review Things Behind the Sun at Rotten Tomatoes