1.
Jean-Louis Trintignant
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Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant is a French actor, screenwriter and director who has enjoyed international acclaim. He won the Best Actor Award at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival as well as the Best Actor Award at the César Awards 2013, Trintignant was born in Piolenc, Vaucluse, France, the son of Claire and Raoul Trintignant, an industrialist. At the age of twenty, Trintignant moved to Paris to study drama, trintignant’s acting was interrupted for several years by mandatory military service. After serving in Algiers, he returned to Paris and resumed his work in film and he had the leading male role in the classic A Man and a Woman, which at the time was the most successful French film ever screened in the foreign market. Throughout the 1970s, Trintignant starred in films and in 1983 he made his first English language feature film. Following this, he starred in François Truffauts final film, Confidentially Yours, and reprised his role in the sequel A Man. In 1994, he starred in Krzysztof Kieślowskis last film, Three Colors, though he takes an occasional film role, he has, as of late, been focusing essentially on his stage work. After a 14-year gap, Trintignant came back on screen for Michael Hanekes film Amour, haneke had sent Trintignant the script, which had been written specifically for him. Trintignant comes from a wealthy family and he is the nephew of race car driver, Louis Trintignant, who was killed in 1933 while practising on the Péronne racetrack in Picardy. Another uncle, Maurice Trintignant, was a Formula One driver who won the Monaco Grand Prix as well as the 24 hours of Le Mans. Raised in and around automobile racing, Jean-Louis Trintignant was the choice of film director Claude Lelouch for the starring role of race car driver in the 1966 film, A Man. He suffered a leg injury from an accident in June 2007. His first wife was actress Stéphane Audran and his second wife, Nadine Marquand, was also an actress as well as a screenwriter and director. They had three children, Vincent Trintignant, Pauline and Marie Trintignant, at the age of 17, Marie performed in La terrazza alongside her father and later became a successful actress in her own right. She was killed at the age of 41 by her boyfriend, singer Bertrand Cantat, in a room in Vilnius. Trintignant is good friends with Anouk Aimée and it was he who recommended Aimée to film director Claude Lelouch for the female lead in A Man and a Woman. Jean-Louis Trintignant biography on newwavefilm. com Jean-Louis Trintignant at the Internet Movie Database Jean-Louis Trintignant at New Wave Film
2.
Robert Ryan
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Robert Bushnell Ryan was an American actor who most often portrayed hardened cops and ruthless villains. Ryan was born in Chicago, Illinois, the first child of Mable Arbutus, a secretary, and Timothy Aloysius Ryan and he was of Irish and English descent. Ryan was raised Catholic and educated at Loyola Academy and he graduated from Dartmouth College in 1932, having held the schools heavyweight boxing title all four years of his attendance. After graduation, the 6′4 Ryan found employment as a stoker on a ship, a WPA worker, Ryan attempted to make a career in show business as a playwright, but was forced to start acting in order to support himself. He studied acting in Hollywood and appeared on stage and in small parts during the early 1940s, beginning with The Ghost Breakers and Queen of the Mob. At Camp Pendleton, he befriended writer and future director Richard Brooks, whose novel, The Brick Foxhole, Ryans breakthrough film role was as an anti-Semitic killer in Crossfire, a film noir based on Brookss novel. The role won Ryan his sole career Oscar nomination, for Best Supporting Actor, from then on, Ryans specialty was tough/tender roles, finding particular expression in the films of directors such as Nicholas Ray, Jean Renoir, Robert Wise and Samuel Fuller. In Rays On Dangerous Ground he portrayed a city cop finding redemption while solving a rural murder. In Wises The Set-Up, he played a boxer who is brutally punished for refusing to take a dive. He also appeared in several war films, including The Longest Day and Battle of the Bulge. He also played John the Baptist in MGMs Technicolor epic King of Kings and was the villainous Claggart in Peter Ustinovs adaptation of Billy Budd, in his later years, Ryan continued playing significant roles in major films. Among the most notable were The Dirty Dozen, The Professionals, the Iceman Cometh and Executive Action both were released in November 1973, after Ryans death. Ryan also played the characters in Shakespeares Coriolanus and Othello. Ryan made his small screen debut in 1955 as Abraham Lincoln in the Screen Directors Playhouse adaptation of Christopher Morleys story. As he explained to reporters, despite financial considerations, Ryan preferred to steer clear of any TV series commitment, The only money in TV is in the series, and I want to stay out of those. Sure, I might make a million or so in a series, Ryan would remain true to these convictions, appearing in many television series, but always as a guest star. Notable appearances include his portrayal of Franklin Hoppy-Hopp in the 1964 episode Who Chopped Down the Cherry Tree. on the NBC medical drama about psychiatry, The Eleventh Hour. Similarly, he guest starred as Lloyd Osment in the 1964 episode Better Than a Dead Lion in the ABC psychiatric series, Breaking Point
3.
French language
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French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages, French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues doïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to Frances past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, a French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is a language in 29 countries, most of which are members of la francophonie. As of 2015, 40% of the population is in Europe, 35% in sub-Saharan Africa, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas. French is the fourth-most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union, 1/5 of Europeans who do not have French as a mother tongue speak French as a second language. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 17th and 18th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast. In 2015, French was estimated to have 77 to 110 million native speakers, approximately 274 million people are able to speak the language. The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie estimates 700 million by 2050, in 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese. Under the Constitution of France, French has been the language of the Republic since 1992. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education except in specific cases, French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called Romandie, of which Geneva is the largest city. French is the language of about 23% of the Swiss population. French is also a language of Luxembourg, Monaco, and Aosta Valley, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands. A plurality of the worlds French-speaking population lives in Africa and this number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050, French is the fastest growing language on the continent. French is mostly a language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages, sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth
4.
Italian language
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By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
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