1.
Bordeaux
–
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France. The municipality of Bordeaux proper has a population of 243,626, together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Bordeaux is the centre of the Bordeaux Métropole. With 749,595 inhabitants and 1,178,335 in the area, it is the fifth largest in France, after Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Lille. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department and its inhabitants are called Bordelais or Bordelaises. The term Bordelais may also refer to the city and its surrounding region, Bordeaux is the worlds major wine industry capital. It is home to the main wine fair, Vinexpo. Bordeaux wine has been produced in the region since the 8th century, the historic part of the city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List as an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble of the 18th century. After Paris, Bordeaux has the highest number of preserved buildings of any city in France. In historical times, around 300 BC it was the settlement of a Celtic tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, the name Bourde is still the name of a river south of the city. In 107 BC, the Battle of Burdigala was fought by the Romans who were defending the Allobroges, a Gallic tribe allied to Rome, the Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus, was killed in the action. The city fell under Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of tin, later it became capital of Roman Aquitaine, flourishing especially during the Severan dynasty. In 276 it was sacked by the Vandals, further ravage was brought by the same Vandals in 409, the Visigoths in 414 and the Franks in 498, beginning a period of obscurity for the city. In the late 6th century, the city re-emerged as the seat of a county and an archdiocese within the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks, the city started to play a regional role as a major urban center on the fringes of the newly founded Frankish Duchy of Vasconia. Around 585, a certain Gallactorius is cited as count of Bordeaux, the city was plundered by the troops of Abd er Rahman in 732 after storming the fortified city and overwhelming the Aquitanian garrison. After Duke Eudess defeat, the Aquitanian duke could still save part of its troops, the following year, the Frankish commander descended again over Aquitaine, but clashed in battle with the Aquitanians and left to take on hostile Burgundian authorities and magnates. In 745, Aquitaine faced yet another expedition by Charles sons Pepin and Carloman against Hunald, Hunald was defeated, and his son Waifer replaced him, who in turn confirmed Bordeaux as the capital city. During the last stage of the war against Aquitaine, it was one of Waifers last important strongholds to fall to King Pepin the Shorts troops. Next to Bordeaux, Charlemagne built the fortress of Fronsac on a hill across the border with the Basques, in 778, Seguin was appointed count of Bordeaux, probably undermining the power of the Duke Lupo, and possibly leading to the Battle of Roncevaux Pass that very year
Bordeaux
–
Clockwise from top:
Place de la Bourse by the
Garonne, Allees du Tourny and Maison de Vin,
Pierre Bridge on the Garonne, Meriadeck Commercial Centre, front of Palais Rohan Hotel, and
Saint-Andre Cathedral with
Bordeaux Tramway
Bordeaux
Bordeaux
–
Coins of the
Bituriges Vivisci, 5th–1st century BC, derived from the coin designs of
Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul.
Cabinet des Médailles.
Bordeaux
–
Merovingian tremisses minted in Bordeaux by the Church of Saint-Étienne, late 6th century.
British Museum.
2.
Gironde
–
Gironde is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwest France. It is named for the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, the Bordeaux wine region is in the Gironde. Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 and it was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. From 1793 to 1795, the name was changed to Bec-dAmbès to avoid the association with the revolutionary party. Gironde is part of the current region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne and Charente-Maritime, with an area of 10,000 km², Gironde is the largest department in metropolitan France. If overseas departments are included, however, Girondes land area is dwarfed by the 83,846 km² of Guyane, Gironde is well known for the Côte dArgent beach which is Europes longest, attracting many surfers to Lacanau each year. It is also the birthplace of Jacques-Yves Cousteau who studied the sea, the Great Dune of Pyla in Arcachon Bay near Bordeaux is the tallest sand dune in Europe. The President of the General Council is Jean-Luc Gleyze of the Socialist Party
Gironde
–
Prefecture building of the Gironde department, in Bordeaux
Gironde
–
Bordeaux
Gironde
–
Bordeaux wine
Gironde
–
The Great Dune of Pyla
3.
Aquitaine
–
Aquitaine, archaic Guyenne/Guienne was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016. It is now part of the new region Nouvelle-Aquitaine and it is situated in the south-western part of Metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of the five departments of Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, in the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy, whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. This has been demonstrated by various Aquitanian names and words that were recorded by the Romans, whether this Aquitanian language was a remnant of a Vasconic language group that once extended much farther, or whether it was generally limited to the Aquitaine/Basque region is not known. The original Aquitania at the time of Caesars conquest of Gaul included the area bounded by the Garonne River, the Pyrenees, the name may stem from Latin aqua, maybe derived from the town Aquae Augustae, Aquae Tarbellicae or just Aquis or as a more general geographical feature. In 392, the Roman imperial provinces were restructured and Aquitania Prima, Aquitania Secunda, accounts of Aquitania during the Early Middle Ages are a blur, lacking precision, but there was much unrest. The Visigoths were called into Gaul as foederati, legalizing their status within the Empire, eventually they established themselves as the de facto rulers in south-west Gaul as central Roman rule collapsed. Visigoths established their capital in Toulouse, but their tenure on Aquitaine was feeble, in 507, they were expelled south to Hispania after their defeat in the Battle of Vouillé by the Franks, who became the new rulers in the area to the south of the Loire. The Roman Aquitania Tertia remained in place as Novempopulania, where a duke was appointed to hold a grip over the Basques and these dukes were quite detached from central Frankish overlordship, sometimes governing as independent rulers with strong ties to their kinsmen south of the Pyrenees. As of 660, the foundations for an independent Aquitaine/Vasconia polity were established by the duke Felix of Aquitaine, a united Basque-Aquitanian realm reached its heyday under Odo the Greats rule. Odo was required to pledge allegiance to the Frankish Charles Martel in exchange for help against the advancing Arabic forces, Basque-Aquitanian self-rule temporarily came to a halt, definitely in 768 after the assassination of Waifer. Seguin, count of Bordeaux and Duke of Vasconia, seemed to have attempted a detachment from the Frankish central authority on Charlemagnes death, the new emperor Louis the Pious reacted by removing him from his capacity, which stirred the Basques into rebellion. Before Pepins death, emperor Louis had appointed a new king in 832, his son Charles the Bald, however scarce, some Frankish population and nobles settled down in regions like Albigeois, Carcassone, Toulouse, and Provence and Lower Rhone. After the death of the king Dagobert I, the Merovingian tenure south of the Loire became largely nominal, with the power being in the hands of autonomous regional leaders. The Franks may have largely assimilated to the preponderant Gallo-Roman culture by the 8th century. Still, in the Battle of Toulouse, the Aquitanian duke Odo is said to be leading an army of Aquitanians, on the other hand, the Franks didnt mix with the Basques, keeping separate paths. Recorded evidence points to their deployment across Aquitaine in a capacity as a mainstay of the Dukes forces. Romans are cited as living in the cities of Aquitaine, as opposed to the Franks, in 1058, the Duchy of Vasconia and Aquitaine merged under the rule of William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine
Aquitaine
–
Landscape in Dordogne, Aquitaine
Aquitaine
–
Flag
Aquitaine
–
Situation in the duchies of Vasconia and Aquitaine (760)
Aquitaine
–
Landscape in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine
4.
Monte Carlo
–
Monte Carlo /ˈmɒnti ˈkɑːrloʊ/ officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located. The permanent population of the ward of Monte Carlo is about 3,500, from west to east they are, Fontvieille, Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, and Monte Carlo. Monte Carlo is situated on a prominent escarpment at the base of the Maritime Alps along the French Riviera and it is also the location of the Hôtel de Paris, the Café de Paris, and the Salle Garnier. The eastern part of the quarter includes the community of Larvotto with Monacos only public beach, as well as its new center. At the quarters eastern border, one crosses into the French town of Beausoleil, at the time, a number of small towns in Europe were growing prosperous from the establishment of casinos, notably in German towns such as Baden-Baden and Homburg. The success of the casino grew slowly, largely due to the areas inaccessibility from much of Europe, the installation of the railway in 1868, however, brought with it an influx of people into Monte Carlo and saw it grow in wealth. Saint-Charles Church on Monte Carlos Avenue Sainte-Charles was completed in 1883 and it was restored in its centenary year. The municipalities were merged into one in 1917, after accusations that the government was acting according to the divide and conquer. Today, Monaco is divided into 10 wards, with an eleventh ward planned to land reclaimed from the sea. The quarter of Monte Carlo was served by tramways from 1900 to 1953, in 2003 a new cruise ship pier was completed in the harbour at Monte Carlo. Monte Carlo is host to most of the Circuit de Monaco and it also hosts world championship boxing bouts, the European Poker Tour Grand Final and the World Backgammon Championship as well as the Monaco International Auto Show, fashion shows and other events. Although the Monte Carlo Masters tennis tournament is billed as taking place in the community, Monte Carlo has been visited by royalty as well as the general public and movie stars for decades. The rally, however, takes place outside the Monte Carlo quarter and is run mostly on French roads, the Opéra de Monte-Carlo or Salle Garnier was built to designs of the architect Charles Garnier, who also designed the Paris opera house now known as the Palais Garnier. Although much smaller, the Salle Garnier is very similar in style with decorations in red and gold and it was inaugurated on 25 January 1879 with a performance by Sarah Bernhardt dressed as a nymph. The first opera performed there was Robert Planquettes Le Chevalier Gaston on 8 February 1879, gunsbourg had remained for sixty years. This production formed part of an association between the company and Massenet and his operas, two of which were presented there posthumously. Other famous twentieth-century singers to appear at Monte Carlo included Titta Ruffo, Geraldine Farrar, Mary Garden, Tito Schipa, Beniamino Gigli, Claudia Muzio, Georges Thill, and Lily Pons. Apart from Massenet, composers whose works had their first performances at Monte Carlo included, Saint-Saëns, Mascagni, indeed, since its inauguration, the theatre has hosted 45 world premiere productions of operas
Monte Carlo
–
View of Monte Carlo (and Monaco) from the east
Monte Carlo
–
Charles III of Monaco was responsible for turning the Monte Carlo district and Monaco into a thriving town.
Monte Carlo
–
Monte Carlo Casino
Monte Carlo
–
Hotel de Paris
5.
Monaco
–
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 and a population of about 38,400 according to the last census of 2015. With 19,009 inhabitants per km², it is the second smallest, Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km, a coastline of 3.83 km, and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m. The highest point in the country is a pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires Ward. Monacos most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins, through land reclamation, Monacos land mass has expanded by twenty percent, in 2005, it had an area of only 1.974 km2. Monaco is known as a playground for the rich and famous, in 2014, it was noted about 30% of the population was made up of millionaires, more than in Zürich or Geneva. Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, although Prince Albert II is a constitutional monarch, he wields immense political power. The House of Grimaldi have ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, the official language is French, but Monégasque, Italian, and English are widely spoken and understood. The states sovereignty was recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861. Despite Monacos independence and separate foreign policy, its defense is the responsibility of France, however, Monaco does maintain two small military units. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with the opening of the countrys first casino, Monte Carlo, since then, Monacos mild climate, scenery, and gambling facilities have contributed to the principalitys status as a tourist destination and recreation center for the rich. In more recent years, Monaco has become a major banking center and has sought to diversify its economy into services and small, high-value-added, the state has no income tax, low business taxes, and is well known for being a tax haven. It is also the host of the street circuit motor race Monaco Grand Prix. Monaco is not formally a part of the European Union, but it participates in certain EU policies, including customs, through its relationship with France, Monaco uses the euro as its sole currency. Monaco joined the Council of Europe in 2004 and it is a member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Monacos name comes from the nearby 6th-century BC Phocaean Greek colony, according to an ancient myth, Hercules passed through the Monaco area and turned away the previous gods. As a result, a temple was constructed there, the temple of Hercules Monoikos, because the only temple of this area was the House of Hercules, the city was called Monoikos. It ended up in the hands of the Holy Roman Empire, an ousted branch of a Genoese family, the Grimaldi, contested it for a hundred years before actually gaining control
Monaco
–
Statue of
Francesco Grimaldi, " Il Malizia " ("the Cunning"), disguised as a monk with a dagger hidden under the cloak of his
habit. However, he was ousted by the Genoese just four years later. The Grimaldi family purchased Monaco from the
Crown of Aragon in 1419.
Monaco
–
Flag
Monaco
–
Monaco circa 1900
Monaco
–
Mayor of Monaco announcing concessions ending absolute monarchy of
Prince Albert I in 1910
6.
The Walls of Malapaga
–
The Walls of Malapaga, is a 1949 Franco-Italian film co-production made by Francinex and Italia Produzione. It was directed by René Clément and produced by Alfredo Guarini from a screenplay by Cesare Zavattini, Suso Cecchi dAmico and Alfredo Guarini adapted by Jean Aurenche, the music score was by Roman Vlad and the cinematography by Louis Page. The film stars Jean Gabin and Isa Miranda, Gabin is a French criminal, Pierre Arrignon, on the run who finds himself in Genoa, Italy, and falls in love with a local girl, Marta Manfredini. The film is set in Italy but the dialogue is primarily in French, the Walls of Malapaga at the Internet Movie Database
The Walls of Malapaga
–
Original French film poster
7.
Golden Lion
–
The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the committee and is now regarded as one of the film industrys most distinguished prizes. In 1970, a second Golden Lion was introduced, this is an award for people who have made an important contribution to cinema. The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, previously, the equivalent prize was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia, awarded in 1947 and 1948. Before that, from 1934 until 1942, the highest awards were the Coppa Mussolini for Best Italian Film, no Golden Lions were awarded between 1969 and 1979. Sixty-eight produced a dramatic fracture with the past,14 French films have been awarded the Golden Lion, more than that of any other nation. However, there is considerable diversity in the winners. Five American filmmakers have won the Golden Lion, with awards for John Cassavetes and Robert Altman, as well as Ang Lee, Darren Aronofsky and Sofia Coppola. The Golden Lion, by contrast, has awarded to ten Asians during the same time period. Ang Lee won the Golden Lion twice within three years during the 2000s, once for an American film and once for a Chinese-language film, zhang Yimou has also won twice. Other Asians to win the Golden Lion since 1980 include Jia Zhangke, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, Trần Anh Hùng, Takeshi Kitano, Kim Ki-duk, Jafar Panahi, Mira Nair, and Lav Diaz. Russian filmmakers have won the Golden Lion several times, including since the end of the USSR. Still, to date 33 of the 54 winners were European men, since 1949 only four women have ever won the Golden Lion for directing, Mira Nair, Sofia Coppola, German Margarethe von Trotta and Belgiums Agnès Varda. In comparison to the other major Western European festivals, the Berlinales Golden Bear has also awarded to four women. In the history of Cannes, only one woman filmmaker has been awarded the Palme dOr
Golden Lion
–
The Golden Lion won by
New German Cinema director
Margarethe von Trotta for her 1981 film
Marianne and Juliane
8.
Forbidden Games
–
Forbidden Games, is a 1952 French war drama film directed by René Clément and based on François Boyers novel Jeux Interdits. While not initially successful in France, the film was a hit elsewhere and it won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, a Special Award as Best Foreign Language Film in the United States, and a Best Film from any Source at the British Academy Film Awards. It is June 1940, during the Battle of France and she quickly becomes attached to Michel. Michels father first suspects that Michels brothers cross was stolen from the graveyard by his neighbour, eventually, the father finds out that Michel has stolen the cross. Meanwhile, the French gendarmes come to the Dollé household in order to take Paulette, Michel cannot bear the thought of her leaving and tells his father that he would tell him where the stolen crosses are, but in return he should not give Paulette to the gendarmes. Upon its release, it was lambasted by some, who said it was a vicious and unfair picture of the peasantry of France, at the 25th Academy Awards, Forbidden Games won an out-of-competition Special Award as Best Foreign Language Film. In December 1952, at the 24th National Board of Review Awards it was chosen as one of years five top foreign films. At the 1952 New York Film Critics Circle Awards, it won for Best Foreign Language Film, decades after its release, David Ehrenstein called it deeply touching and wrote, Fosseys is quite simply one of the most uncanny pieces of acting ever attempted by a youngster. Clément’s sensitivity doubtless accounts for much of what we see here, the main thee of the soundtrack is an arrangement of the tune Romance. Forbidden Games was released on Laserdisc by Criterion Collection, who also released it on DVD. Forbidden Games at the Internet Movie Database Forbidden Games at AllMovie Forbidden Games at Rotten Tomatoes Criterion Collection essay by Peter Matthews
Forbidden Games
–
Theatrical release poster
9.
Film director
–
A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
Film director
–
American director
Steven Spielberg with Sri Lankan film maker
Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka
Film director
–
The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming a
costume drama on location in
London.
Film director
–
Director
Pedro Almodóvar and actress
Penélope Cruz
Film director
–
Fritz Lang directing a movie
10.
Screenwriter
–
One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
Screenwriter
–
A page of a screenplay
11.
Jacques Tati
–
Jacques Tati was a French filmmaker, actor, and screenwriter. Throughout his long career, he worked as a actor, writer. In a poll conducted by Entertainment Weekly of the Greatest Movie Directors, with only six feature-length films to his credit as director, he directed fewer films than any other director on this list of 50. Tatis Playtime ranked 43rd in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics poll of the greatest films ever made, Jacques Tati was of Russian, Dutch, and Italian ancestry. His father, George Emmanuel Tatischeff, born in 1875 in Paris, was the son of Dmitry Tatishchev, General of the Imperial Russian Army, the Tatischeffs were a Russian noble family of patrilineal Rurikid descent. Whilst stationed in Paris Dmitri Tatischeff married a French woman, Rose Anathalie Alinquant, under suspicious circumstances Dmitri Tatischeff died from injuries sustained in a horse-riding accident shortly after the birth of George Emmanuel. As a child George Emmanuel experienced turbulent times, such as being removed from France. In 1883 his mother brought him back to France where they settled on the estate of Le Pecq, in 1903, Georges-Emmanuel Tatischeff married the Dutch-Italian Marcelle Claire van Hoof. Together they had two children, Natalie and Jacques, subsequently, Georges-Emmanuel became the director of the company Cadres Van Hoof, and the Tatischeff family enjoyed a relatively high standard of living. Jacques Tatischeff appears to have been an indifferent student, yet excelled in the sports of tennis and he left school in 1923 at the age of 16 to take up an apprenticeship in the family business, where he was trained as a picture framer by his grandfather. Between 1927 and 1928 he completed his national service at Saint-Germain-en-Laye with the Cavalrys 16th Regiment of Dragoons. Upon graduating the military he took on an internship in London where he was first introduced to the sport of rugby, returning to Paris, he joined the semi-professional rugby team Racing Club de France, whose captain was Alfred Sauvy and whose supporters included Tristan Bernard. It was at the Racing Club de France that Jacques Tatischeff first discovered his comic talents and he also first met Jacques Broido, and they would become lifelong friends. Between 1931 and 1932 the global economic crisis reached France at the time he left both the Racing Club de France and, to his familys disapproval, his apprenticeship at Cadres Van Hoof. Each year from 1931 to 1934 he would participate in a show organised by Alfred Sauvy. Among the honourable spectators was the influential writer Colette, Tatis act also caught the attention of Max Trebor, who offered him an engagement at the Theatre-Michel, where he quickly became the star act. He has devised a way of being both the player, the ball and the racquet, of being simultaneously the football and the goalkeeper, the boxer and his opponent, the bicycle. Without any props, he conjures up his accessories and his partners and he has suggestive powers of all great artists
Jacques Tati
–
Jacques Tati as
Monsieur Hulot
12.
Yemen
–
Yemen, officially known as the Republic of Yemen, is an Arab country in Western Asia, occupying South Arabia, the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen is the second-largest country in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 km2, the coastline stretches for about 2,000 km. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, although Yemens constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sanaa, the city has been under rebel control since February 2015. Because of this, Yemens capital has been relocated to the port city of Aden. Yemens territory includes more than 200 islands, the largest of these is Socotra, Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans, a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years and probably also included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. In 275 AD, the region came under the rule of the later Jewish-influenced Himyarite Kingdom, Christianity arrived in the fourth century, whereas Judaism and local paganism were already established. Islam spread quickly in the century and Yemenite troops were crucial in the expansion of the early Islamic conquests. Administration of Yemen has long been notoriously difficult, several dynasties emerged from the ninth to 16th centuries, the Rasulid dynasty being the strongest and most prosperous. The country was divided between the Ottoman and British empires in the twentieth century. The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established after World War I in North Yemen before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962, South Yemen remained a British protectorate known as the Aden Protectorate until 1967 when it became an independent state and later, a Marxist state. The two Yemeni states united to form the modern republic of Yemen in 1990, Yemen is a developing country, and the poorest country in the Middle East. Under the rule of President Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemen was described as a kleptocracy, according to the 2009 international corruption Perception Index by Transparency International, Yemen ranked 164 out of 182 countries surveyed. President Saleh stepped down and the powers of the presidency were transferred to Vice President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, the transitional process was disrupted by conflicts between the Houthis and al-Islah, as well as the al-Qaeda insurgency. In September 2014, the Houthis took over Sanaa, later declaring themselves in control of the government in a coup détat, since then, a Saudi-led intervention has taken place, however, it could not stop the civil war. Instead, the Saudis and the others have destroyed some hospitals, schools and homes, Yemen was mentioned in Old South Arabian inscriptions as Yamnat. In Arabic literature, the term includes much greater territory than that of the republic of Yemen. It stretches from the northern Asir Region in southwestern Saudi Arabia to Dhofar Governorate in southern Oman, one etymology derives Yemen from yumn, meaning felicity, as much of the country is fertile. The Romans called it Arabia Felix, as opposed to Arabia Deserta, al-Yaman significantly plays on the notion of the land to the right, when in Mecca facing the dawn, complementary to Al-Sham, the Land to the Left, referring to the Levant
Yemen
–
Sabaean gravestone of a woman holding a stylized sheaf of wheat, a symbol of fertility in ancient Yemen
Yemen
–
Flag
Yemen
–
A funerary
stela featuring a musical scene, 1st century AD
Yemen
–
Himyarite King Dhamar Ali Yahbur II
13.
Documentary film
–
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
Documentary film
–
This
16 mm spring-wound
Bolex "H16" Reflex camera is a popular entry level camera used in
film schools.
Documentary film
–
Frame from one of
Marinescu's science films (1899).
Documentary film
–
Nanook of the North poster.
Documentary film
–
In this shot from
Man with the Movie Camera,
Mikhail Kaufman acts as a cameraman risking his life in search of the best shot
14.
Imam Yahya
–
Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din became Imam of the Zaydis in 1904 after the death of his father, Muhammad Al-Mansur, and Imam of Yemen in 1918. His name and title in full was His majesty Amir al-Mumenin al-Mutawakkil Ala Allah Rab ul-Alamin Imam Yahya bin al-Mansur Billah Muhammad Hamidaddin, Imam, upon the death of his father in 1904, Yahya became Imam, effectively ruler over the mountainous areas of the future North Yemen. However, the Ottomans who made claim on the area did not recognize the rule of the Imams of Yemen since their entry into Yemen, describing him said, Imam Yahya is a strong ruler. His sanctity as High Priest of the Zaidi sect and his descent from the Prophets family adds to the prestige which his benign rule has won and his methods are patriarchal and humane. His one hobby is the Yemen Jewish chronicles lavish praise upon him and depict him as the champion of justice and compassion. Imam Yahia managed to put an end to the state of anarchy, lawlessness and violence which had lacerated the country and inflicted immense suffering upon its inhabitants, during his long reign the Jews enjoyed relatively favorable conditions and were generally in favour of the Imam. In 1911 Imam Yahya signed the Treaty of Daan with the Ottomans which recognised his rule over the Zaydi-controlled portions of Yemen, news of the demise of the Ottoman Empire reached Yemen on Thursday 14 November 1918. Imam Yahya went to Sanaa three days later on Sunday 17 November 1918 to meet with leaders from Hashid, Arhab, Nihm. His first order was to forbid entering the capital Sanaa with arms, city after city accepted the rule and authority of Imam Yahya, the port of Mocha, and the city of Taiz were among the first most important cities. He took steps to create a state, and maintained all Ottoman officials who would stay to support the development of government. He created an army in 1919 that enlisted soldiers from the surrounding tribes to Sanaa, from the tribes of Sanhan, Bani Harthi. He signed many treaties which recognised Yemen as a sovereign state, the treaty was the basis for the final territorial agreement between both countries concluded during the reign of King Fahd bin Abdulaziz, and President Ali Abdullah Saleh. From 1934 until his assassination in 1948, Yahya redirected his energies toward internal consolidation of his authority, to this end, control of the hinterland was strengthened by the establishment of a standing army and the naming of his sons as governors of key provinces. Tighter control over affairs in Sana, the capital, was assured by expanding the scope of functions and appointing other sons as supervisors of old. The regime sent Yemens first students abroad, military cadets to Iraq in the 1930s and civilian students, an early attempt was made to introduce some direction to the nascent national economy by the establishment of a Yemen trading company. Even with these changes, Yahyas Yemen was a state in which even the most basic measures required his personal approval. Imam Yahya was shot with his grandson by an assassin on 17 February 1948 in the Alwaziri coup, the assassin, known as Al-Qardaei, was from the Bani Murad tribe. Upon the knowledge of the murder of Imam Yahya, Yemeni tribes rallied behind Sayf-ul-Islam Ahmad bin Yahya, the news shocked both the Arab League, and all Muslim governments
Imam Yahya
–
Imam Yahya
Imam Yahya
–
The residence of Imam Yahya in the Wadi Dhar near
Sana'a
15.
French Resistance
–
The Résistance also planned, coordinated, and executed acts of sabotage on the electrical power grid, transport facilities, and telecommunications networks. Estimated to have a strength of 100,000 in June 1944 and this burden amounted to approximately 20 million German reichsmarks per day, a sum that, in May 1940, was approximately equivalent to four hundred million French francs. Because of this overvaluation of German currency, the occupiers were able to make fair and honest requisitions and purchases while, in effect. Prices soared, leading to food shortages and malnutrition, particularly among children, the elderly. The labour shortage was worsened by the fact that a number of the French were also held as prisoners of war in Germany. Beyond these hardships and dislocations, the occupation became increasingly unbearable, onerous regulations, strict censorship, incessant propaganda and nightly curfews all played a role in establishing an atmosphere of fear and repression. The sight of French women consorting with German soldiers infuriated many French men, as reprisals for Résistance activities, the authorities established harsh forms of collective punishment. For example, the militancy of communist resistance in August 1941 led to the taking of thousands of hostages from the general population. A typical policy statement read, After each further incident, a number, reflecting the seriousness of the crime, during the occupation, an estimated 30,000 French civilian hostages were shot to intimidate others who were involved in acts of resistance. In early 1943, the Vichy authorities established a paramilitary group and they worked alongside German forces that, by the end of 1942, were stationed throughout France. The group collaborated closely with the Nazis, and was the Vichy equivalent of the Gestapo security forces in Germany and their actions were often brutal and included torture and execution of Résistance suspects. After the liberation of France in the summer of 1944, the French executed many of the estimated 25,000 to 35,000 miliciens for their collaboration. Many of those who escaped arrest fled to Germany, where they were incorporated into the Charlemagne Division of the Waffen SS, the experience of the Occupation was a deeply psychologically disorienting one for the French as what was once familiar and safe become strange and threatening. Many Parisians could not get over the shock experienced when they first saw the huge swastika flags hanging over the Hôtel de Ville, Many résistants often spoke of some climax when they saw some intolerable act of injustice, after which they could not longer remain passive. Barthelt recalled, I recognized him only by his hat, only by his hat, I tell you and because I was waiting on the roadside to see him pass. I saw his face all right, but there was no skin on it, both his poor eyes had been closed into two purple and yellow bruises. In the beginning, resistance was limited to such as severing phone lines, vandalizing posters. Another form of resistance was underground newspapers like Musée de lHomme which circulated clandestinely, the Musée de lHomme was founded by two professors, Paul Rivet and the Russian émigré Boris Vildé in July 1940
French Resistance
–
French resistance partisans fought alongside
Allied troops to retake their cities.
French Resistance
–
The cemetery and memorial in
Vassieux-en-Vercors where, in July 1944, German
Wehrmacht forces executed more than 200, including women and children, in reprisal for the
Maquis 's armed resistance. The town was later awarded the
Ordre de la Libération.
French Resistance
–
French Resistance fighter Lucien Pélissou's identity document.
French Resistance
–
The ruins of
Oradour-sur-Glane, in the
Limousin region of the
Massif central
16.
Gore Vidal
–
Eugene Louis Gore Vidal was an American writer and public intellectual known for his patrician manner, epigrammatic wit, and polished style of writing. He was born to a family, his maternal grandfather, Thomas Pryor Gore. He was a Democratic Party politician who twice sought elected office, first to the United States House of Representatives and his political and cultural essays were published in The Nation, the New Statesman, the New York Review of Books, and Esquire magazines. As a novelist Vidal explored the nature of corruption in public and his polished and erudite style of narration readily evoked the time and place of his stories, and perceptively delineated the psychology of his characters. His third novel, The City and the Pillar, offended the literary, political, in the genre of social satire, Myra Breckinridge explores the mutability of gender role and sexual orientation as being social constructs established by social mores. S. Eugene Louis Vidal was born in the hospital of the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, the child of Eugene Luther Vidal. Vidal was born at the West Point cadet hospital because his first lieutenant father was the first aeronautics instructor of the military academy. The middle name, Louis, was a mistake on the part of his father, Eugene Louis Vidal was not baptized until January 1939, when he was 13 years old, by the headmaster of St. Albans school, where Vidal attended preparatory school. The baptismal ceremony was effected so that he could be confirmed at the Washington Cathedral, in February 1939, as Eugene Luther Gore Vidal. He later said that, although the surname Gore was added to his names at the time of the baptism, I wasnt named for him, although he had a great influence on my life. In 1941, Vidal dropped his two first names, because he wanted a sharp, distinctive name, appropriate for an author, or a national political leader. I wasnt going to write as Gene since there was already one, military Academy, the exceptionally athletic Vidal Sr. had been a quarterback, coach, and captain of the football team, and an all-American basketball player. Subsequently, he competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In the 1920s and the 1930s, Vidal Sr. co-founded three airline companies and a line, the Ludington Line, Transcontinental Air Transport, Northeast Airlines. Gores great-grandfather Eugen Fidel Vidal was born in Feldkirch, Austria, of Romansh background, Vidals mother, Nina Gore, was a high society woman who made her Broadway theatre debut as an extra actress in Sign of the Leopard, in 1928. In 1922, Nina married Eugene Luther Vidal, Sr. and thirteen years later, in 1935, Nina Gore Vidal then was married two more times, to Hugh D. Auchincloss, and also had a long off-and-on affair with the actor Clark Gable. As Nina Gore Auchincloss, Vidals mother was a delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention
Gore Vidal
–
Vidal at a
Union Square bookstore in 2009
Gore Vidal
–
Vidal in 1948 (
Carl Van Vechten)
Gore Vidal
–
Vidal at the
Los Angeles Times Festival of Books, 2008
Gore Vidal
–
Vidal and ex-senator
George McGovern at the
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, 26 August 2009
17.
Francis Ford Coppola
–
Francis Ford Coppola, also credited as Francis Coppola, is a semi-retired American film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered to have been a figure of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing The Rain People, he co-wrote the 1970 film Patton and he followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Conversation, which he directed, produced and wrote, was released same year. He next directed 1979s Apocalypse Now, while notorious for its lengthy and strenuous production, the film was widely acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of the Vietnam War, winning the Palme dOr at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. Coppola is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme dOr awards, while a number of Coppolas ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s. His most well-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish, the crime-drama The Cotton Club, and his movies The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and Apocalypse Now are often ranked among the greatest films of all time. Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father Carmine Coppola, a flautist with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Coppola is the second of three children, his older brother was August Coppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Born into a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his grandparents came to the United States from Bernalda. His maternal grandfather, popular Italian composer Francesco Pennino, immigrated from Naples, Coppola received his middle name in honor of Henry Ford, not only because he was born in the Henry Ford Hospital but also because of his musician-fathers association with the automobile manufacturer. Contracting polio as a boy, Coppola was bedridden for periods of his childhood. Reading A Streetcar Named Desire at age 15 was instrumental in developing his interest in theater, eager to be involved in film-craft, he created 8mm features edited from home movies with such titles as The Rich Millionaire and The Lost Wallet. As a child, Coppola was a student, but he was so interested in technology. Trained initially for a career in music, he became proficient on the tuba, overall, Coppola attended 23 other schools before he eventually graduated from the Great Neck North High School. He entered Hofstra College in 1955 with a major in theater arts, there he was awarded a scholarship in playwriting. This furthered his interest in directing theater despite the disapproval of his father, Coppola was profoundly impressed after seeing Sergei Eisensteins October, Ten Days That Shook the World, especially with the movies quality of editing. It was at this time Coppola decided he would go into cinema rather than theater, Coppola also gives credit to the work of Elia Kazan and for its influence on him as a director. Amongst Coppolas classmates at Hofstra were James Caan, Lainie Kazan and he later cast Lainie Kazan in One from the Heart and Caan in The Rain People and The Godfather
Francis Ford Coppola
–
Francis Ford Coppola at the 2011
San Diego Comic-Con International
Francis Ford Coppola
–
Francis Ford Coppola at the
1996 Cannes Film Festival
Francis Ford Coppola
–
Francis Ford Coppola at the
2001 Cannes Film Festival.
Francis Ford Coppola
–
Palazzo Margherita in
Bernalda, owned by Coppola
18.
Play Dirty
–
Play Dirty is a 1969 British war film starring Michael Caine, Nigel Green and Harry Andrews. It was director Andre DeToths last film, based on a screenplay by Melvyn Bragg, the films story is inspired by the exploits of units such as the Long Range Desert Group, Popskis Private Army and the SAS in North Africa during World War II. During the North African Campaign in World War II, Captain Douglas is a British Petroleum employee seconded to the Royal Engineers to oversee incoming fuel supplies for the British 8th Army, despite Douglas objections, he is chosen for his knowledge of oil pipelines and infrastructure. Douglas is then introduced to Cyril Leech, a convicted criminal rescued from prison to lead Masters operations in the field, the next day, Douglas and Leech are provided with armed jeeps and lead six other men out into the desert disguised as an Italian Army patrol. They endure a long and arduous trek across the desert, encountering enemy tribesmen, sandstorms, while Leech and his men are often insubordinate towards Douglas command, they eventually reach their objective, only to discover that the depot is fake. They then head to a German-occupied port city hoping to steal a boat and escape, Douglas sees the fuel depot there, meanwhile, Masters is confronted by Blore with aerial photographs of the depot intact — confirming the missions failure. The men scatter as the depot is detonated, Leech and Douglas manage to slip away while the rest are caught, after taking shelter, Leech admits to Douglas that he is being kept alive only because Masters is paying him £2000 for his safe return. The 8th Army arrives the next morning, Douglas and Leech decide to surrender to the British, unfortunately, a trigger-happy British soldier opens fire — killing them before they have a chance to speak. Special Forces HQ Patrick Jordan as Major Alan Watkins – Guards Commando Unit Daniel Pilon as Capt. Attwood – Blores adjutant Bernard Archard as Col. After Nigel Davenport replaced Harris, and Nigel Green replaced Davenport, Play Dirty at the Internet Movie Database Play Dirty Movie Locations
Play Dirty
–
Play Dirty
19.
Rider on the Rain
–
Rider on the Rain is a 1970 French mystery thriller film starring Charles Bronson, directed by René Clément, produced by Serge Silberman, with film music composed by Francis Lai. Opening with a quotation from Lewis Carroll to suggest that the heroine is like Alice in Wonderland, Mellie, newly married to Toni, an airline navigator who is away at work, sees a strange man get off a bus. In a shop trying on a dress to wear to a next day. When she goes home, he sneaks into the house, ties her up, realising after she has freed herself that he is still in the house, she gets out a shotgun and kills him. Then she drives the body to a cliff and tips it into the sea, next day at the wedding an uninvited American called Dobbs speaks to her. A body has found and he claims she killed him. The day after that, when her husband is away again, Dobbs sneaks into their house and she begins to think that the rapist had business with Toni, possibly drug related, and that is why Dobbs is so persistent. She goes with him to the bank and, drawing out all she has, but he doesnt want money, just the truth. Next morning Mellie finds the rapists travel bag, containing 60,000 US dollars, sneaking into Dobbs hotel room, she searches it and discovers that he is a US Army colonel on a secret mission. He turns up and tells her a woman who works at a restaurant in Paris has been arrested for the murder. Distraught that an innocent woman is being charged, Mellie jumps onto a plane to Paris and goes to the restaurant and this proves to be a brothel, where three criminals question Mellie roughly about the dead man. Dobbs, who has been trailing her, breaks in and saves her, taking her home, Dobbs reveals that the corpse is not that of the rapist but another mans. The rapist was an escapee from a US military prison who had attacked three woman in fashion before Mellie. She then tells him where she tipped the body, which is found by police frogmen, for Dobbs the case is closed and he does not tell the police about Mellie. Nor does he mention the 60,000 dollars, in a closing homage to Alfred Hitchcock, it is revealed that the rapists name was MacGuffin. Marlène Jobert - Mélancolie Mellie Mau Charles Bronson - Dobbs Annie Cordy - Juliette Corinne Marchand - woman Jill Ireland - Nicole Jean Piat - M. In 1971, it won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, was nominated for Best Motion Picture of the Edgar Allan Poe Awards, the film was a big hit in France. Bronsons agent Paul Kohner said it was the point for Bronson -
Rider on the Rain
–
French film poster
20.
Charles Bronson
–
Charles Bronson was an American film and television actor. He starred in such as Once Upon a Time in the West, The Magnificent Seven, The Dirty Dozen, The Great Escape, Rider on the Rain, The Mechanic. He was often cast in the role of an officer, gunfighter. He had long collaborations with film directors Michael Winner and J. Lee Thompson, in 1965, he was featured as Major Wolenski in Battle of the Bulge. His father was a Lithuanian immigrant and his mother was an American of Lithuanian descent and his father, Valteris P. Bučinskis, hailed from the town of Druskininkai. Bronsons mother, Mary Valinsky, whose parents were from Lithuania, was born in the mining town of Tamaqua. He learned to speak English when he was a teenager, before that, Bronson was the first member of his family to graduate from high school. When Bronson was 10 years old, his father died, Young Charles went to work in the coal mines, first in the mining office and then in the mine. He later said he earned one dollar for each ton of coal that he mined and he worked in the mine until he entered military service during World War II. His family was so poor that at one time, he said and he flew 25 missions and received a Purple Heart for wounds received in battle. After the end of World War II, Bronson worked at odd jobs until joining a theatrical group in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He later shared an apartment in New York City with Jack Klugman while both were aspiring to play on the stage, in 1950, he married and moved to Hollywood, where he enrolled in acting classes and began to find small roles. Bronsons first film role — an uncredited one — was as a sailor in Youre in the Navy Now in 1951, other early screen appearances were in Pat and Mike, Miss Sadie Thompson and House of Wax. In 1952, Bronson boxed in a ring with Roy Rogers in Rogers show Knockout and he appeared on an episode of The Red Skelton Show as a boxer in a skit with Skelton playing Cauliflower McPugg. He also had a part credited as Charles Buchinsky in a western named Riding Shotgun, in 1954, Bronson made a strong impact in Drum Beat as a murderous Modoc warrior, Captain Jack, who relishes wearing the tunics of soldiers he has killed. In 1957, Bronson was cast in the Western series Colt.45 as an outlaw named Danny Arnold in the episode Young Gun. He scored the lead in his own ABCs detective series Man with a Camera, in which he portrayed Mike Kovac, Bronson starred alongside Elizabeth Montgomery in a Twilight Zone episode. He appeared in five episodes of Richard Boones Have Gun – Will Travel, in 1958, he was cast in his first lead film role in Roger Cormans Machine-Gun Kelly, followed by the lead role in the World War II film When Hell Broke Loose later the same year
Charles Bronson
–
Publicity photo, 1966
Charles Bronson
–
Bronson's star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Charles Bronson
–
At the 1987
Cannes Film Festival
21.
Knave of Hearts (film)
–
Knave of Hearts is a 1954 film about the adventures of a French philanderer in Paris and London. In France, it was released as Monsieur Ripois, in the United States, it was originally released as Lovers, Happy Lovers. Then later re-released as Lover Boy, the film, which was a French-British co-production, stars Gérard Philipe in the title role, and was directed by René Clément. The film was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Special Jury Prize, rose Margo Field - Doris Braddock Julie Anslow - Maisie Smith Harry Towb - Stewart Gerald Campion - Harry Knave of Hearts at the Internet Movie Database
Knave of Hearts (film)
–
Knave of Hearts
22.
Menton
–
Menton is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur region in southeastern France. Situated on the French Riviera, along the Franco-Italian border, it is nicknamed perle de la France. The Menton area has been inhabited since the era, and is the site of the original Grimaldi Man find of early modern humans, as well as remains of Neanderthals. In Roman times, the Via Julia Augusta, a road connecting Placentia with Arelates passed through Menton, running along the Rue Longue in the old town. The first major settlement occurred during the 11th century CE, when the Count of Ventimiglia constructed the Château de Puypin on the Pépin hill, north, Menton was thus incorporated into the Republic of Genoa. The first mention of Menton dates from 21 July 1262, in the treaty between Charles of Anjou and Genoa. Its position on the border between the Angevin-ruled Provence and the Republic of Genoa, which at the time claimed Monaco as its western limit, acquired in 1346 by Charles Grimaldi, Lord of Monaco, Menton was ruled by the Princes of Monaco until the French Revolution. Annexed during the Revolution, Menton remained part of France through the First Empire and it belonged to the district of Sanremo in the department of Alpes-Maritimes, which at the time included Monaco and Sanremo. In 1814, Menton was included in a reconstituted principality of Monaco which, after Napoleons Hundred Days in 1815, the Princes of Monaco were obliged to do homage to the King for Menton, although not for Monaco itself. In 1848, Menton, along with its neighbour Roquebrune, seceded from Monaco, due at least in part to a tax imposed on lemon exports. The county of Nice was thus annexed to France that June, and Napoleon III paid 4 million francs in compensation to the prince of Monaco, by the end of the 19th century, tourism was an important factor in Mentons growth. The town was popular with English and Russian aristocrats who built many of the hotels, villas. Many of these hotels and palaces were pressed into service as hospitals during World War I to allow injured troops to recuperate in a pleasant climate, Menton was the only sizable settlement captured by Italy during its invasion of France in June 1940. Following the armistice of June 22,1940, two-thirds of the territory of the commune was annexed by Italy as terra irredenta, the annexation lasted until 8 September 1943. Although officially returned to Vichy France, Menton was in fact occupied by Nazi Germany until its liberation by American and Canadian troops of the First Special Service Force on 8 September 1944. Menton, nicknamed the Pearl of France, is located on the Mediterranean Sea at the Franco-Italian border, the fishing industry was devastated in the 1980s and 1990s when a combination of overfishing and hypoxia in the bay. At the time, the devastation was attributed to the dubiously nicknamed killer algae Caulerpa taxifolia spread throughout the coastal sea floor. Menton has got a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, frosts are extremely rare but occasionally occur every few year
Menton
–
The harbour of Menton, with the basilica of Saint-Michel-Archange beyond, viewed from the Quai Napoléon III
Menton
–
Menton, as part of Monaco, was the extreme western area of the
Republic of Genoa (green color) in 1664.
Menton
–
Sailboats in Menton harbor, photograph by
Jean Gilletta early 1900s
Menton
–
The port and the old part of town.
23.
French Riviera
–
The Côte dAzur, often known in English as the French Riviera, is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France, also including the sovereign state of Monaco. There is no boundary, but it is usually considered to extend from the Italian border in the east to Saint-Tropez, Hyères, Toulon. This coastline was one of the first modern resort areas and it began as a winter health resort for the British upper class at the end of the 18th century. In the summer, it played home to many members of the Rothschild family. After World War II, it became a popular tourist destination and convention site, many celebrities, such as Elton John and Brigitte Bardot, have homes in the region. Officially, the Côte dAzur is home to 163 nationalities with 83,962 foreign residents and its largest city is Nice, which has a population of 347,060. The city is the center of a communauté urbaine – Nice-Côte dAzur – bringing together 24 communes, Nice is home to Nice Côte dAzur Airport, Frances third-busiest airport, which is on an area of partially reclaimed coastal land at the western end of the Promenade des Anglais. A second airport at Mandelieu was once the commercial airport. The A8 autoroute runs through the region, as does the old main road known as the Route nationale 7. Trains serve the region and inland to Grasse, with the TGV Sud Est service reaching Nice-Ville station in five. The French Riviera has a population of more than two million. The region has 35,000 students, of whom 25 percent are working toward a doctorate, the French Riviera is a major yachting and cruising area with several marinas along its coast. As a tourist center, French Riviera benefits from 310 to 330 days of sunshine per year,115 kilometres of coastline, the name Côte dAzur was given to the coast by the writer Stéphen Liégeard in his book, La Côte d’azur, published in December 1887. Liégeard was born in Dijon, in the French department of Côte-dOr, the term French Riviera is typical of English use. It was built by analogy with the term Italian Riviera, which extends east of the French Riviera. As early as the 19th century, the British referred to the region as the Riviera or the French Riviera, usually referring to the part of the coast. Originally, riviera is an Italian noun which means coastline, in Occitan and French, the only usual names are Còsta dAzur in Occitan and Côte dAzur in French. A name like French Riviera is unusual and sounds odd, it could work as a word-to-word translation of the British point of view
French Riviera
–
The lighthouse of Nice, on the French Riviera
French Riviera
–
Map showing the extent of the Côte d'Azur.
French Riviera
–
View of Port Hercule, Monaco
French Riviera
–
The Old Town district of
Menton, which is the last town on the Côte d'Azur before the Italian frontier.
24.
Cannes Film Festival
–
Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
–
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
–
Stars posing for photographers are a part of Cannes folklore.
Cannes Film Festival
–
Palme d'Or awarded to
Apocalypse Now at the
1979 Cannes Film Festival
25.
Venice Film Festival
–
The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. The film festival has taken place in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, since its inception the Venice Film Festival has grown into one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world. The 74th Venice International Film Festival is scheduled to be held from 30 August to 9 September 2017, the first edition of the Venice Film Festival was carried out from the 6 to the 21 of August in 1932. The festival began with an idea of the president of the Venice Biennale Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and Luciano De Feo, with good reason, the festival was considered the first international event of its type, receiving strong support from authorities. This first edition was held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior on the Venice Lido, and at that stage it was not a competitive event. The very first film to be shown in the history of the Festival was Rouben Mamoulians Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the second edition was held two years later, from 1 to 20 of August in 1934. For the first time it included a competition, at least 19 countries took part with over 300 accredited journalists. The Mussolini Cup was introduced for best foreign film and best Italian film, other awards were the Great Gold Medals of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment to best actor and actress. The prize for best foreign film went to Robert J. Flahertys Man of Aran and was a confirmation of the taste of the time for auteur documentaries, starting in 1935, the Festival became a yearly event under the direction of Ottavio Croze. The actors award was renamed Volpi Cup, in 1936 an international jury was nominated for the first time and in 1937 the new Cinema Palace, designed by the architect Luigi Quagliata, was inaugurated. The 1940s represent one of the most difficult moments for the review, the conclusion of the Second World War divides the decade in two. Before 1938 political pressures distorted and ruined the festival, in addition, few countries participated and there was an absolute monopoly of institutions and directors that were members of the Rome-Berlin Axis. The festival resumed full speed in 1946, after the war, with the return of normalcy, Venice once again became a great icon of the film world. In 1947 the festival was held at the Doges Palace, a most magnificent backdrop for hosting a record 90 thousand participants, surely it can be considered one of the greatest editions in the history of the festival. For the next twenty years the festival continued its development and expansion in accordance with the plan set in motion after the war. In 1963 the winds of change blow strongly during Luigi Chiarini’s directorship of the festival, during the years of his presidency, Chiarini aspired to renew the spirit and the structures of the festival, pushing for a total reorganization of the entire system. The social and political unrest of 1968 had strong repercussions on the Venice Bienniale, from 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded and the festival returned to the non-competitiveness of the first edition
Venice Film Festival
–
Venice Cinema Palace in 2009
Venice Film Festival
–
Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
–
The
Doge's Palace in
Piazza San Marco hosted the 1947 edition.
Venice Film Festival
–
The 65th Venice International Film Festival
26.
Jury Prize (Cannes Festival)
–
The Jury Prize is an award presented at the Cannes Film Festival, chosen by the Jury from the official section of movies at the festival. Initially the award signified the second best film in competition, though now it is now considered the third-most prestigious prize at the festival, after the Palme dOr. From 1951 until 1966 the name Special Jury Prize was used for the second-most important award of the festival, in 1967 the second place was renamed Grand Prize of the Jury, and the Special Jury Prize title was withdrawn. Then, in 1969, the Jury Prize was created separately from the Grand Prize, the Special Jury Prize reappeared twice in the 1990s, and one International Jury Prize was awarded in 1946. UK director Andrea Arnold and UK director Ken Loach are tied for the record for most Jury Prizes. As of 2016 Arnold was awarded the prize for her films Red Road, Fish Tank, and American Honey, while Loach was awarded the prize for his films Hidden Agenda, Raining Stones, and The Angels Share. Michelangelo Antonioni, René Clément, Masaki Kobayashi, and Samira Makhmalbaf have each won the award twice, Palme dOr Grand Prix Cannes Film Festival official website Cannes Film Festival at the Internet Movie Database
Jury Prize (Cannes Festival)
–
This article needs additional citations for
verification. Please help improve this article by
adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014)
27.
Monsieur Ripois
–
Knave of Hearts is a 1954 film about the adventures of a French philanderer in Paris and London. In France, it was released as Monsieur Ripois, in the United States, it was originally released as Lovers, Happy Lovers. Then later re-released as Lover Boy, the film, which was a French-British co-production, stars Gérard Philipe in the title role, and was directed by René Clément. The film was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Special Jury Prize, rose Margo Field - Doris Braddock Julie Anslow - Maisie Smith Harry Towb - Stewart Gerald Campion - Harry Knave of Hearts at the Internet Movie Database
Monsieur Ripois
–
Knave of Hearts
28.
Jeux interdits
–
Forbidden Games, is a 1952 French war drama film directed by René Clément and based on François Boyers novel Jeux Interdits. While not initially successful in France, the film was a hit elsewhere and it won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, a Special Award as Best Foreign Language Film in the United States, and a Best Film from any Source at the British Academy Film Awards. It is June 1940, during the Battle of France and she quickly becomes attached to Michel. Michels father first suspects that Michels brothers cross was stolen from the graveyard by his neighbour, eventually, the father finds out that Michel has stolen the cross. Meanwhile, the French gendarmes come to the Dollé household in order to take Paulette, Michel cannot bear the thought of her leaving and tells his father that he would tell him where the stolen crosses are, but in return he should not give Paulette to the gendarmes. Upon its release, it was lambasted by some, who said it was a vicious and unfair picture of the peasantry of France, at the 25th Academy Awards, Forbidden Games won an out-of-competition Special Award as Best Foreign Language Film. In December 1952, at the 24th National Board of Review Awards it was chosen as one of years five top foreign films. At the 1952 New York Film Critics Circle Awards, it won for Best Foreign Language Film, decades after its release, David Ehrenstein called it deeply touching and wrote, Fosseys is quite simply one of the most uncanny pieces of acting ever attempted by a youngster. Clément’s sensitivity doubtless accounts for much of what we see here, the main thee of the soundtrack is an arrangement of the tune Romance. Forbidden Games was released on Laserdisc by Criterion Collection, who also released it on DVD. Forbidden Games at the Internet Movie Database Forbidden Games at AllMovie Forbidden Games at Rotten Tomatoes Criterion Collection essay by Peter Matthews
Jeux interdits
–
Theatrical release poster
29.
This Angry Age
–
This Angry Age is a 1958 drama film directed by René Clément and produced by Dino De Laurentiis. It is an adaptation of Marguerite Duras 1950 novel, The Sea Wall, the film stars Anthony Perkins and Silvana Mangano. The original novel was adapted again in 2008 by Rithy Panh as The Sea Wall, twenty-year-old Joseph and his sixteen-year-old sister Suzanne live in the merciless conditions of an intemperate foreign land with their widowed mother. Their mother attempts to exert a hold on her children by involving them in the familys run-down rice plantation, however the siblings seek liberation, and look for this in their romantic lives. Suzanne becomes involved with Michael and Joseph finds a love interest in Claude, Anthony Perkins as Joseph Dufresne Silvana Mangano as Suzanne Dufresne Richard Conte as Michael Jo Van Fleet as Mme. Dufresne Alida Valli as Claude Nehemiah Persoff as Albert Yvonne Sanson as Carmen Guido Celano as Bart Clément purchased the rights to the Duras novel in 1956. The original male lead was supposed to have been James Dean, Mangano, the wife of the films producer, was cast in the female lead. Clément shot the film in wide-screen Technirama and Technicolor and he was unable to film in Indochina, the setting of the original novel, as it no longer existed. Nor could he film in the newly independent Vietnam, as nationalist struggles continued there, thus, Clément reconstructed the storys setting in Thailand. The New York Times described Clément as a specialist in that sort of tragedy that evolves from the inability of deeply pained people to face their own feelings, the reviewer also praised the great pictorial beauty and admirable psychological truth of Cléments film. The reviewer also praised how the crumbling of the dam against the assaults of the stands as an image of what is going on within the family. The film was also a success in France, being lauded as a complete success. He added that For Clément, the thing is that the film he is making costs more than the last one. Duras was dismayed by the absence of certain themes that were important in her novel. She said she felt betrayed and dishonoured by the film, list of American films of 1958 This Angry Age at the Internet Movie Database
This Angry Age
–
Promotional poster
30.
Plein soleil
–
Purple Noon, is a 1960 film directed by René Clément, loosely based on the 1955 novel The Talented Mr. Ripley by Patricia Highsmith. The film, principally in French, contains sequences in Italian. The films source novel was adapted again in 1999, under the title, directed by Anthony Minghella, starring Matt Damon, Jude Law. The American Tom Ripley has been sent to Italy to persuade his friend, Philippe Greenleaf, to return to the United States. Philippe intends to do no such thing and the impoverished Tom enjoys living a life of luxury, Tom is fixated on Philippe and his girlfriend Marge and covets the other mans life. Philippe eventually grows bored with his friends fawning and becomes cruel, the final straw is when, during a yachting trip, Philippe strands Tom in the dinghy and leaves him to lie in the sun for hours. Back on board, Tom hatches a plan to kill Philippe, first, he leaves evidence of Philippes philandering for an outraged Marge to find. After Marge goes ashore, Philippe confronts Tom, who admits his plan quite casually, Philippe, believing it to be a joke, plays along and asks Tom for the plans details. Suddenly frightened, Philippe offers Tom a substantial sum to him and Marge alone but Tom states that he can obtain this sum anyway. At last pretending to accept his offer, Tom stabs Philippe to death as the latter screams Marges name and he casts the body overboard and returns to port. Upon returning to shore, Tom informs Marge that Philippe has decided to stay behind and he rents a large suite in a Rome hotel. When Philippes suspicious friend, Freddie Miles, begins to suspect the truth while staying in the same hotel, Freddies body is soon found and the Italian police inevitably get involved. Tom continues his charade, switching between his identity and Philippes, depending on what the situation demands, after carrying out an elaborate scheme to implicate Philippe in Freddies murder, Tom forges a suicide note and a will, leaving the Greenleaf fortune to Marge. In the aftermath, Tom has survived a string of close shaves, thrown the Italian police off his trail. He even succeeds in seducing Marge, with whom he begins openly cohabiting, when Philippes yacht is being moved into dry dock, his decomposed body is found attached to the boat, because the anchor cable used to sink his corpse had become tangled around the propeller. The film ends with Tom being unknowingly called toward the police, Purple Noon was lauded by critics and made Delon a star. In 1962, Clément and Paul Gégauff won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Foreign Film Screenplay and it enjoys a loyal cult following even today, with fans including film director Martin Scorsese. The result, while arguably truer to the events of Highsmiths book, is vastly inferior, to say it suffers by comparison to Purple Noon is an understatement
Plein soleil
–
Official US poster
31.
The Joy of Living
–
The Joy of Living is a 1961 Italian-French comedy film directed by René Clément. It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival, the story is set in Rome, in the year 1921. Ulysses enrolls in the Italian Fascist party because he cannot find any employment, the first task entrusted to him by the party leads Ulysses to the printer Fossati, where hes hired as an apprentice. This brings him into contact with a family of anarchists, who turn him into a reluctant hero for love of the beautiful Franca. However, at a time when he must make a choice, Ulysses obeys neither the anarchists nor the fascists
The Joy of Living
–
Film poster
32.
Wanted: Babysitter
–
Wanted, Babysitter is a 1975 Italian-French-German thriller–drama film directed by René Clément at his final film before his death on March 17,1996. The film stars Maria Schneider, Sydne Rome, Vic Morrow, Robert Vaughn, a naive young girl is forcefully kidnapped while babysitting the son of a wealthy food mogul. Her and the boy are held hostage by an ex-stuntman and a movie star. The film was released on DVD on June 1,2004, initially, Wanted, Babysitter was digitally remastered on January 2,2015. Oakland, California, University of California Press, Wanted, Babysitter at the Internet Movie Database Wanted, Babysitter at Rotten Tomatoes
Wanted: Babysitter
–
Wanted: Babysitter
33.
IMDb
–
In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
IMDb
–
Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
34.
Purple Noon
–
Purple Noon, is a 1960 film directed by René Clément, loosely based on the 1955 novel The Talented Mr. Ripley by Patricia Highsmith. The film, principally in French, contains sequences in Italian. The films source novel was adapted again in 1999, under the title, directed by Anthony Minghella, starring Matt Damon, Jude Law. The American Tom Ripley has been sent to Italy to persuade his friend, Philippe Greenleaf, to return to the United States. Philippe intends to do no such thing and the impoverished Tom enjoys living a life of luxury, Tom is fixated on Philippe and his girlfriend Marge and covets the other mans life. Philippe eventually grows bored with his friends fawning and becomes cruel, the final straw is when, during a yachting trip, Philippe strands Tom in the dinghy and leaves him to lie in the sun for hours. Back on board, Tom hatches a plan to kill Philippe, first, he leaves evidence of Philippes philandering for an outraged Marge to find. After Marge goes ashore, Philippe confronts Tom, who admits his plan quite casually, Philippe, believing it to be a joke, plays along and asks Tom for the plans details. Suddenly frightened, Philippe offers Tom a substantial sum to him and Marge alone but Tom states that he can obtain this sum anyway. At last pretending to accept his offer, Tom stabs Philippe to death as the latter screams Marges name and he casts the body overboard and returns to port. Upon returning to shore, Tom informs Marge that Philippe has decided to stay behind and he rents a large suite in a Rome hotel. When Philippes suspicious friend, Freddie Miles, begins to suspect the truth while staying in the same hotel, Freddies body is soon found and the Italian police inevitably get involved. Tom continues his charade, switching between his identity and Philippes, depending on what the situation demands, after carrying out an elaborate scheme to implicate Philippe in Freddies murder, Tom forges a suicide note and a will, leaving the Greenleaf fortune to Marge. In the aftermath, Tom has survived a string of close shaves, thrown the Italian police off his trail. He even succeeds in seducing Marge, with whom he begins openly cohabiting, when Philippes yacht is being moved into dry dock, his decomposed body is found attached to the boat, because the anchor cable used to sink his corpse had become tangled around the propeller. The film ends with Tom being unknowingly called toward the police, Purple Noon was lauded by critics and made Delon a star. In 1962, Clément and Paul Gégauff won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Foreign Film Screenplay and it enjoys a loyal cult following even today, with fans including film director Martin Scorsese. The result, while arguably truer to the events of Highsmiths book, is vastly inferior, to say it suffers by comparison to Purple Noon is an understatement
Purple Noon
–
Official US poster
35.
Joy House (film)
–
Joy House is a 1964 black-and-white mystery/thriller film starring Jane Fonda, Alain Delon, and Lola Albright. It is based on the 1954 novel by Day Keene and it was Clements second film for MGM. In Monte Carlo, Marc, a cardsharp, escapes American gangsters who have been ordered to kill him by the boss of a New York gang because he had an affair with the bosss wife. Marc hides in a mission for the poor where Barbara, a widow, finds him. At Barbaras chateau, Melinda, Barbaras niece, becomes attracted to him, Marc discovers that Barbara is hiding her lover, Vincent, in the secret rooms and passageways of the chateau. She and Vincent plan to murder Marc so that Vincent may use his passport in escaping to South America, Marc and Barbara begin an affair but are discovered by Vincent, who then kills Barbara but is himself killed by the American gangsters, who mistake him for Marc. He is her prisoner, just as Vincent had been her aunts and she later recalled that the director made it without a script, I didnt speak very good French then, and I never understood much of what was going on. The only people who really dug that movie, for reason, were junkies. They used to come up to me and give me a big wink, but Im awfully glad I did it because it got me into France and I met Vadim. Joy House at the Internet Movie Database Joy House at Rotten Tomatoes Joy House at the TCM Movie Database
Joy House (film)
–
Joy House
36.
And Hope to Die
–
And Hope to Die is a 1972 French-Italian thriller-drama film directed by René Clément and starring Jean-Louis Trintignant and Robert Ryan. It is loosely based on the novel Black Friday by David Goodis, a French fugitive heads for Montreal, Canada where he joins a gang of criminals who are about to kidnap a crimelords mentally challenged daughter. The scheme goes as planned until the girl accidentally dies, the kidnappers decide to move forward with the plan as if she were still alive
And Hope to Die
–
And Hope to Die
37.
Shoeshine (film)
–
Shoeshine is a 1946 Italian film directed by Vittorio De Sica. Sometimes regarded as his first major work, the film follows two boys who get into trouble with the police after trying to find the money to buy a horse. Two friends, Giuseppe Filippucci and Pasquale Maggi, test-ride horses and it is their dream to own one for themselves. Though they are saving to purchase a horse, it is difficult for them to afford one, one day Giuseppes older brother, Attilio, visits the two boys while they are shining shoes. Attilio tells Pasquale that Panza has some work for them, Pasquale brings Giuseppe along to meet Panza, who gives them two fine American blankets to sell. Giuseppe and Pasquale bring the blankets to a teller, who buys them from the boys after some negotiation. After the sale, Panza, Attilio, and another man bust into the fortune tellers house and they accuse the fortune teller of handling stolen goods, and finding Giuseppe and Pasquale, force them out and pretend to take them into custody. Attilio tells the boys to go away and keep quiet, letting them keep the money as well as 3,000 additional lira. With this money, the boys realize they have enough to buy a horse. After purchasing their horse and spending a great deal of time riding it, there the real police, accompanied by the fortune teller, bring them into the precinct for questioning. The police accuse the boys of stealing over 700,000 lira from the fortune tellers home, the boys deny all charges and do not mention their knowledge of the three true con men. Giuseppe and Pasquale are sent to a detention center. On arrival, Giuseppe and Pasquale are separated, the detention center is divided into three levels/rows of cells with 5 boys in each. Giuseppe is placed in a cell on the floor. The two boys try to remain in contact, but are frequently stifled by the prison guards and they each make new acquaintances in their respective cells. Giuseppe receives a package from his mother filled with food and he tries to share it with Pasquale, still in his cell on the first floor, but he is stopped. Giuseppe instead shares it with his inmates in his own cell. As the meal begins, Arcangeli, one of Giuseppes fellow inmates returning from solitary confinement and it is from Attilios boss, and it instructs him not to expose his brother and comrades regarding the con
Shoeshine (film)
–
Film poster
38.
Vittorio De Sica
–
Vittorio De Sica was an Italian director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement. Indeed, the critical success of Sciuscià and Bicycle Thieves helped establish the permanent Best Foreign Film Oscar. These two films generally are considered part of the canon of classic cinema, Bicycle Thieves was cited by Turner Classic Movies as one of the 15 most influential films in cinema history. De Sicas acting was considered the highlight of the film, born into poverty in Sora, Lazio, he began his career as a theatre actor in the early 1920s and joined Tatiana Pavlovas theatre company in 1923. In 1933 he founded his own company with his wife Giuditta Rissone, the company performed mostly light comedies, but they also staged plays by Beaumarchais and worked with famous directors like Luchino Visconti. De Sica appeared in the British television series The Four Just Men and his passion for gambling was well known. Because of it, he often lost large sums of money, in 1937 Vittorio De Sica married the actress Giuditta Rissone, who gave birth to their daughter, Emi. In 1942, on the set of Un garibaldino al convento, he met Spanish actress Maria Mercader, after divorcing Rissone in France in 1954, he married Mercader in 1959 in Mexico, but this union was not considered valid under Italian law. In 1968 he obtained French citizenship and married Mercader in Paris, meanwhile, he had already had two sons with her, Manuel, in 1949, a musician, and Christian, in 1951, who would follow his fathers path as an actor and director. Although divorced, De Sica never parted from his first family and he led a double family life, with double celebrations on holidays. It is said that, at Christmas and on New Years Eve and his first wife agreed to keep up the facade of a marriage so as not to leave her daughter without a father. Vittorio De Sica died at 73 after a surgery at the Neuilly-sur-Seine hospital in Paris, Vittorio De Sica was given the Interfilm Grand Prix in 1971 by the Berlin International Film Festival. Miracolo a Milano Cannes Film Festival Palme DOr Winner Umberto D
Vittorio De Sica
–
De Sica in 1959
39.
Monsieur Vincent
–
Monsieur Vincent is a 1947 French film about Vincent de Paul, the seventeenth century priest and charity worker. It depicts his struggle to help the poor in the face of such as the Black Death. In 1949 it won an honorary Academy Award as the best foreign language film released in the United States in 1948, the Vatican placed it amongst their list of approved films under the category of Religion due to its thematic nature in 1995. Guy Lefranc was assistant director on the movie, monsieur Vincent at the Internet Movie Database
Monsieur Vincent
–
Cover of the Timeless Multimedia VHS edition
40.
Bicycle Thieves
–
Bicycle Thieves is a 1948 Italian film directed by Vittorio De Sica. The film follows the story of a father searching post-World War II Rome for his stolen bicycle. It is also one of the top ten among the British Film Institutes list of films you should see by the age of 14. In the post-World War II Val Melaina neighbourhood of Rome, Antonio Ricci is desperate for work to support his wife Maria, his son Bruno and he is offered a position posting advertising bills, but tells Maria that he cannot accept because the job requires a bicycle. Maria resolutely strips the bed of her dowry bedsheets—prized possessions for a poor family—and takes them to the pawn shop and they cycle home—Maria on the crossbar—rejoicing in their good fortune. Along the way, Maria insists that she has to visit someone, Antonio discovers that it is a seer who had prophesied that Antonio would find work, Maria gives the seer money in appreciation of her prophecy. Antonio teases her for such foolishness, on his first day of work Antonio is atop a ladder when a young man snatches the bicycle. Antonio gives chase but is thrown off the trail by the thiefs confederates, the police warn that there is little they can do. Advised that stolen goods often surface at the Piazza Vittorio market, Antonio goes there with several friends, finding a bike that might be Antonios they summon an officer, but the serial numbers do not match. At the Porta Portese market Antonio and Bruno spot the thief with an old man, the thief eludes them, and the old man feigns ignorance. They follow him into a church where but he too slips away from them, Bruno is dismayed, which angers Antonio, who slaps Bruno, greatly upsetting him. Bruno waits by a bridge while Antonio goes in search of the old man, suddenly there are cries that a boy is drowning. Rushing toward the commotion Antonio is relieved to see that the boy is not Bruno. Desperate, Antonio consults the seer, who tells him, Youll find the bike today, leaving the seers house he and Bruno encounter the thief, Antonio pursues him into what turns out to be a brothel, whose denizens quickly eject them. In the street hostile neighbors gather as Antonio accuses the thief, during this commotion Bruno fetches a policeman, who searches the thiefs apartment without result. The policeman tells Antonio the case is weak—Antonio has no witnesses, Antonio and Bruno leave in despair amid jeers and threats from the crowd. On their way home, they near Stadio Nazionale PNF football stadium, inside a game is underway, outside, rows of bicycles await their owners. Antonio sees an unattended bike near a doorway and he paces distractedly, then sits with Bruno on the curb, his hat in his hands
Bicycle Thieves
–
Italian theatrical release poster
41.
Akira Kurosawa
–
Akira Kurosawa was a Japanese filmmaker. Regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema, Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director in 1943, during World War II. The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films, Kurosawas wife, Yōko Yaguchi, was also an actress in one of his films. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Kurosawa directed approximately a film a year, including a number of highly regarded films such as Ikiru, Seven Samurai, in 1990, he accepted the Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement. Kurosawa was born on March 23,1910 in Ōimachi in the district of Tokyo. In addition to promoting physical exercise, Isamu Kurosawa was open to western traditions and considered theater and he encouraged his children to watch films, young Akira viewed his first movies at the age of six. During this time, the boy also studied calligraphy and Kendo swordsmanship, another major childhood influence was Heigo Kurosawa, Akiras older brother by four years. In the aftermath of the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, which devastated Tokyo, some commentators have suggested that this incident would influence Kurosawas later artistic career, as the director was seldom hesitant to confront unpleasant truths in his work. In the late 1920s, Heigo became a benshi for Tokyo theaters showing foreign films, Akira, who at this point planned to become a painter, moved in with him, and the two brothers became inseparable. Through Heigo, Akira devoured not only films but also theater and circus performances, while exhibiting his paintings, with the increasing production of talking pictures in the early 1930s, film narrators like Heigo began to lose work, and Akira moved back in with his parents. In July 1933, Heigo committed suicide, only four months later, Kurosawas eldest brother also died, leaving Akira, at age 23, the only one of the Kurosawa brothers still living, together with his three surviving sisters. In 1935, the new film studio Photo Chemical Laboratories, known as P. C. L and his half-mocking view was that if the deficiencies were fundamental, there was no way to correct them. Kurosawas essay earned him a call to take the exams, and director Kajirō Yamamoto. The 25-year-old Kurosawa joined P. C. L. in February 1936, during his five years as an assistant director, Kurosawa worked under numerous directors, but by far the most important figure in his development was Kajiro Yamamoto. Of his 24 films as A. D. he worked on 17 under Yamamoto, many of them featuring the popular actor Kenichi Enomoto. Yamamoto nurtured Kurosawas talent, promoting him directly from third assistant director to assistant director after a year. In the last of Kurosawas films as an assistant director, Horse, Kurosawa took over most of the production, One important piece of advice Yamamoto gave Kurosawa was that a good director needed to master screenwriting
Akira Kurosawa
–
Akira Kurosawa on the set of Seven Samurai in 1953
Akira Kurosawa
–
Toshiro Mifune electrified audiences as a rebellious but critically ill gangster in
Drunken Angel (1948), considered Akira Kurosawa's breakthrough film.
Akira Kurosawa
–
A painting by Akira Kurosawa of the "third castle" scene in
Ran. Kurosawa used such paintings as
storyboards to assist his crew in the construction and filming of the scenes.
Akira Kurosawa
–
Akira Kurosawa's grave at
An'yō-in temple in Kamakura.
42.
Gate of Hell (film)
–
Gate of Hell is a 1953 Japanese jidaigeki film directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa. It tells the story of a samurai who tries to marry a woman he rescues, filmed using Eastmancolor, Gate of Hell was Daiei Films first color film and the first Japanese color film to be released outside Japan. During a rebellion in 1159, the samurai Morito desires the lady-in-waiting Kesa, Morito decides to get rid of his rival. He makes Kesa explain to him how he can kill her husband while he sleeps, Kesa provides very precise instructions, yet when Morito follows through on her plan it is Kesa who gets killed. Morito understands that Kesa has sacrificed herself because she was determined to save Watarus life, according to Crowther, The secret, perhaps, of its rare excitement is the subtlety with which it blends a subterranean flood of hot emotions with the most magnificent flow of surface serenity. The tensions and agonies of violent passions are made to seethe behind a splendid silken screen of stern formality, dignity, self-discipline, the very essence of ancient Japanese culture is rendered a tangible stimulant in this film. Gate of Hell currently holds a 100% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes and it won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival. In the United Kingdom, Gate of Hell was released in 2012 on Blu-ray Disc and DVD by the Masters of Cinema, List of jidaigeki films List of historical drama films of Asia Gate of Hell at the Internet Movie Database Jigokumon at AllMovie
Gate of Hell (film)
–
Original Japanese poster
43.
Teinosuke Kinugasa
–
Teinosuke Kinugasa was a Japanese actor and film director. He was born in Kameyama, Mie Prefecture and died in Kyoto, Kinugasa won the 1954 Palme dor at Cannes for Jigokumon. Kinugasa was among the pioneers of Japanese film, but began his career as an actor specializing in roles at the Nikkatsu studio. Also called A Crazy Page, or A Page Out of Order, a silent film, Kinugasa released it with a new print and score to world acclaim. He also directed the film Jujiro in 1928 and he directed jidaigeki at the Shochiku studios, where he helped establish the career of Chōjirō Hayashi. After the war, he helmed big-budget costume productions for Daiei studios, on February 26,1982, Kinugasa died at the age of 86. 1925, Tsukigata Hanpeita 1926, A Page of Madness 1928, Jujiro 1935, new Perceptions, Kinugasa Teinosukes Films and Japanese Modernism. A Page of Madness, Cinema and Modernity in 1920s Japan, center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan. Kinugasa at the Internet Movie Database Kinugasas JMDb Listing Teinosuke Kinugasas grave
Teinosuke Kinugasa
–
Kinugasa in the 1910s when he was an actor
44.
Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto
–
Miyamoto Musashi is a 1954 color Japanese film by Hiroshi Inagaki starring Toshiro Mifune. It is the first film of Inagakis Samurai Trilogy of historical adventures, the film is adapted from Eiji Yoshikawas novel Musashi. The novel is based on the life of the famous Japanese swordsman Miyamoto Musashi. The film won a Special/Honorary Award at the 1955 Academy Awards for outstanding foreign language film, the other two films in the trilogy are Samurai II, Duel at Ichijoji Temple and Samurai III, Duel at Ganryu Island. Following the battle of Sekigahara, Takezo and his friend Matahachi find themselves on the losing side, instead of the grand victory and glory Takezo had anticipated, he finds himself a hunted fugitive, having to assist a severely injured Matahachi. The pair seek shelter with a widow and her daughter who unknown to them are connected to local brigands, the brigands soon show up and ask for tribute from what the women have stripped off dead samurai, and Takezo has to fight them off. Both women attempt to seduce Takezo but are rejected, the widow then tells Matahachi that Takezo tried to assault her and convinces him to escort her and her daughter to Kyoto. Matahachi agrees even though he loves Otsu, a woman from his village, matahachis mother does not believe him and she is arrested for treason along with many members of her clan. There is a wide search for Takezo, organized by the lord. Even after using his relatives as bait, the villagers cannot catch Takezo, Otsu, meanwhile gets a letter signed by the womans daughter saying that Matahachi has gone off with her and to forget him, which leaves her devastated. Takezo is finally captured by the Buddhist priest Takuan Sōhō, who tells the lord that he must be allowed to use his methods to control him, the priest believes that he can straighten him out, but Takezo escapes with Otsus help. But he is tracked down and Otsu is captured. Takezo is then captured again by the priest when he goes to look for Otsu and he is tricked and locked in a room in the castle for three years. The end of the film shows Takezo being released and granted his samurai name Musashi Miyamoto and he then leaves to search for enlightenment, leaving two messages for Otsu, Soon I will be back and Forgive me. The film begins in the year 1600 with Tokugawa Ieyasus victory in the battle of Sekigahara which cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu, though it would take three more years to consolidate the position of power over the other clans. The historical Miyamoto Musashi is believed to have fought in this battle. jmdb. ne. jp/1954/cd002800. htm
Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto
–
The cover of the
Criterion Collection DVD.
45.
La Strada
–
La Strada is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Federico Fellini from his own screenplay co-written with Tullio Pinelli and Ennio Flaiano. The film portrays a young woman bought from her mother by a brutish strongman who takes her with him on the road, encounters with his rival the Fool. Fellini has called La Strada a complete catalogue of my entire mythological world, as a result, the film demanded more time and effort than any of his other works, before or since. The development process was long and tortuous, there were various problems during production, including financial backing, problematic casting. Finally, just before shooting was completed, Fellini suffered a breakdown that necessitated medical treatment in order to complete principal photography. Subsequently, however, La Strada has become one of the most influential films ever made and it won the inaugural Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1957. It was placed fourth in the 1992 British Film Institute directors list of cinemas top 10 films, Gelsomina, a credulous young woman, learns that her sister Rosa has died since going on the road with the strongman Zampanò. Now the same man has returned a year later to ask her mother if Gelsomina will take Rosas place, the mother accepts 10,000 lire, and her daughter departs the same day. Zampanò makes his living as an itinerant street performer, entertaining crowds by breaking an iron chain bound tightly across his chest, in short order, Gelsominas naïve and antic nature emerges, with Zampanòs brutish methods presenting a callous foil. He teaches her to play the drum and trumpet, dance a bit. Despite her willingness to please, he relies on intimidation and even cruelty at times to maintain his domination, finally, she rebels and leaves, making her way into town. There she watches the act of another street entertainer, Il Matto, when Zampanò finds her there, he forcibly takes her back. They join a travelling circus where Il Matto already works. Il Matto teases the strongman at every opportunity, though he cannot explain what motivates him to do so, after Il Matto drenches Zampanò with a pail of water, Zampanò chases after his tormentor with his knife drawn. As a result, he is jailed and both men are eventually fired from the travelling circus. Gelsominas difficulties with her forced partnership are the subject of frequent soul searching, a nun suggests that Gelsominas purpose in life is comparable to her own. But, when Gelsomina offers Zampanò marriage, he brushes her off, the separate paths of fool and strongman cross for the last time on an empty stretch of road, when Zampanò comes upon Il Matto fixing a flat tire. As Gelsomina watches in horror, the strongman strikes the clown on the several times
La Strada
–
Theatrical release poster
La Strada
–
Giulietta Masina as Gelsomina. "Masina's character is perfectly suited to her round clown's face and wide, innocent eyes; in one way or another, in 'Juliet of the Spirits,' 'Ginger and Fred' and most of her other films, she was always playing Gelsomina." --
Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
La Strada
–
Richard Basehart, among "the first in a long line of international actors to grace Fellini's films"
La Strada
–
Screenshot from 1956 trailer to La Strada. Circus owner Savitri provided the old car that Fellini destroyed in the scene following Zampanò's killing of Il Matto.
46.
Federico Fellini
–
Federico Fellini was an Italian film director and screenwriter. Known for his style that blends fantasy and baroque images with earthiness. His films have ranked, in such as Cahiers du cinéma and Sight & Sound. Sight & Sound lists his 1963 film 8½ as the 10th greatest film of all time, in 1993, he was awarded an honorary Oscar for Lifetime Achievement at the 65th Annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles. Fellini was born on 20 January 1920, to parents in Rimini. His father, Urbano Fellini, born to a family of Romagnol peasants and small landholders from Gambettola and his mother, Ida Barbiani, came from a bourgeiois Catholic family of Roman merchants. Despite her familys vehement disapproval, she had eloped with Urbano in 1917 to live at his parents home in Gambettola, a civil marriage followed in 1918 with the religious ceremony held at Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome a year later. The couple settled in Rimini where Urbano became a traveling salesman, Fellini had two siblings, Riccardo, a documentary director for RAI Television, and Maria Maddalena. In 1924, Fellini started primary school in a run by the nuns of San Vincenzo in Rimini. In 1926, he discovered the world of Grand Guignol, the circus with Pierino the Clown, Guido Brignone’s Maciste all’Inferno, the first film he saw, would mark him in ways linked to Dante and the cinema throughout his entire career. Enrolled at the Ginnasio Giulio Cesare in 1929, he made friends with Luigi ‘Titta’ Benzi, in Mussolini’s Italy, Fellini and Riccardo became members of the Avanguardista, the compulsory Fascist youth group for males. He visited Rome with his parents for the first time in 1933, the sea creature found on the beach at the end of La Dolce Vita has its basis in a giant fish marooned on a Rimini beach during a storm in 1934. To say that my films are autobiographical is an overly facile liquidation and it seems to me that I have invented almost everything, childhood, character, nostalgias, dreams, memories, for the pleasure of being able to recount them. In 1937, Fellini opened Febo, a shop in Rimini. with the painter Demos Bonini. His first humorous article appeared in the Postcards to Our Readers section of Milan’s Domenica del Corriere, deciding on a career as a caricaturist and gag writer, Fellini travelled to Florence in 1938, where he published his first cartoon in the weekly 420. According to a biographer, Fellini found school exasperating and, in one year, had 67 absences, failing his military culture exam, he graduated from high school in July 1938 after doubling the exam. In September 1939, he enrolled in law school at the University of Rome to please his parents, biographer Hollis Alpert reports that there is no record of his ever having attended a class. Installed in a family pensione, he met lifelong friend
Federico Fellini
–
Federico Fellini
Federico Fellini
–
Federico Fellini during the 1950s
Federico Fellini
–
Fellini, Masina, Carla del Poggio and Alberto Lattuada, 1952
Federico Fellini
–
Cinecittà - Teatro 5, Fellini's favorite studio
