André de Longjumeau
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André de Longjumeau was a French diplomat and Dominican missionary and one of the most active Occidental diplomats in the East in the 13th century. He led two embassies to the Mongols: the first carried letters from Pope Innocent IV and the second bore gifts and letters from Louis IX of France to Güyük Khan. Well acquainted with the Middle East, he spoke Arabic and "Chaldean".
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André went to Constantinople to obtain the crown of thorns bought by Louis IX from Baldwin II, Latin Emperor. It is preserved today in a 19th-century reliquary, in Notre-Dame de Paris.
Pope Innocent IV
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Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.
Square in Manarola named for Innocent IV
14th century miniature depicting the excommunication of Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV
Papal bulla of Innocent IV
The courtyard of Córdoba Synagogue.