1.
Google TV
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Google TV was a smart TV platform from Google co-developed by Intel, Sony, and Logitech that was launched in October 2010 with official devices initially made by Sony and Logitech. Google TVs first generation devices were all based on x86 architecture processors and were created and commercialized by Sony, the second generation of devices are all based on ARM architecture processors and with additional partners including LG, Samsung, Vizio and Hisense. In 2013, more second generation Google TV-supported devices were announced by new partners, including Hisense, Netgear, TCL, while a small subset of Google TV devices will be upgraded to the Android TV platform, the majority will not. In June 2014, the Google TV SDK was pulled, ending any future development for existing devices. Google TV leveraged many of Google’s existing products, Google TV’s operating system, a customized version of Android, provided the underlying foundation, allowing developers to create applications that extended the system’s functionality. Google’s Chrome browser provided a gateway to the Internet, allowing consumers to browse web sites, consumers could access HBO, CNBC, and content from other providers through the Chrome browser. Android and Apple smartphones and tablet computers could be used as controls for Google TV. Google TV products shipped with wireless remote controls with a full QWERTY keypad, an update in November 2011 allowed access to Google Play and enabled search to find content from live TV, Netflix, YouTube, HBO GO, Amazon, and more. Xyologic has compiled a list of the early Google TV apps with the largest number of installations, as of November 2012, the most installed apps are Napster, Pandora Radio and CNBC. The Google TV platform was provided by Google to OEMs for incorporation into their consumer products, the first generation of consumer devices were produced by Logitech and Sony. The second generation of devices were produced by Sony, LG, Vizio, Hisense, NetGear. The third generation of devices was announced by LG at 2013 International CES. Cable providers as well as content providers have been slow to warm to Google TV, NBC, ABC, Fox, CBS and Hulu have blocked Google TV enabled devices from accessing their web content since Google TVs launch. As of November 22,2010, Google TV devices are blocked from accessing any programs offered by Viacom’s subsidiaries, of the cable and satellite providers, only Dish Network, had embraced Google TV and promoted it by offering customers a discount on the Logitech Revue. In January 2014, Google filed a UDRP case against the owner of domain names androidtv. com, the domain names were owned Exo Level, Inc. and were registered with GoDaddy in November 2006. In March 2014, Google’s case was denied,2010 March – Media outlets reported that the Google TV project was underway, although the partnering companies did not confirm their involvement in the venture until later. 2010 May 20 – The Google TV project was announced at the 2010 Google I/O conference on May 20. The company indicated that the new systems developed by Sony and Logitech would be powered by Intel Atom based CE4100 consumer electronics system-on-chip and it also stated that a fully optimized viewer experience would be available through the Dish Network, although the platform would operate through any provider
2.
Digital media player
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Digital media players are home entertainment consumer electronics devices first introduced in 2000 that can connect to a home network to stream digital media. They should not be confused with media players, which are portable consumer electronics devices capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio, images. Most digital media players utilize a 10-foot user interface, and many are navigated via a remote control. com and these types of digital media player are sometimes referred to as HD Media Players or HDD Media Player if they can support a Hard Disk Drive installed inside. The means to play files on a network-connected digital media player that is permanently connected to a television. Digital media players fill this market niche, the rapid growth in the availability of online content, including digital music and video files and video games, has made it easier for consumers to use these devices and obtain content. YouTube, for instance, is a common plug-in available on most networked devices, Netflix has also struck deals with many consumer-electronics makers to make their interface available in the devices menus, for their streaming subscribers. Media players are often designed for compactness and affordability, and tend to have small or non-existent hardware displays other than simple LED lights to indicate whether the device is powered on, some remotes also include accelerometers for air mouse features which allow basic motion gaming. They are also incapable of recording audio or video. Digital media players are commonly referred to as a digital media extender, digital media streamer, digital media hub, digital media adapter. Digital media player manufacturers use a variety of names to describe their devices, some more commonly used alternative names include, A digital media player can connect to the home network using either a wireless or wired Ethernet connection. Digital media players includes an interface that allows users to navigate through their digital media library, search for. Stream movies, music, photos over the wired or wireless network View digital pictures Stream online video to a TV from services such as Netflix, play video games such as Angry Birds and others. Browse the Internet, check email and access social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, video conference by connecting a webcam and microphone. The models change frequently, so it is advisable to visit their web sites for current model names and these devices come with low power consumption processors or SoC and are most commonly either based on MIPS or ARM architecture processors combined with integrated DSP GPU in a SoC package. They also include RAM-memory and some type of type of non-volatile computer memory. All these can play computer-based media files to a television without the need for a computer or network connection. Some players come with USB ports which allow local media content playback, digital media players can usually play H.264, MPEG-4 Part 2, MPEG-1, MPEG-2. mpg, MPEG-2. TS, VOB and ISO images video, with PCM, MP3 and AC3 audio tracks. They can also display images and play music files, some digital media players will only connect to specific media server software installed on a PC to stream music, pictures and recorded or live TV originating from the computer
3.
Google
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Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products. These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, Google was founded in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph. D. students at Stanford University, in California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares, and they incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4,1998. An initial public offering took place on August 19,2004, in August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabets leading subsidiary, will continue to be the company for Alphabets Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Googles core search engine. The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, the new hardware chief, Rick Osterloh, stated, a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier, alexa, a company that monitors commercial web traffic, lists Google. com as the most visited website in the world. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube, Googles mission statement, from the outset, was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful, and its unofficial slogan was Dont be evil. In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase Do the right thing, Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. They called this new technology PageRank, it determined a websites relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Originally, Google ran under Stanford Universitys website, with the domains google. stanford. edu, the domain name for Google was registered on September 15,1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4,1998. It was based in the garage of a friend in Menlo Park, craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee. The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated. At least three other investors invested in 1998, Amazon. com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton. Author Ken Auletta claims that each invested $250,000, early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million, vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it. Googles initial public offering took place five years later, on August 19,2004, at that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024
4.
Smart TV
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A smart TV, sometimes referred to as connected TV or hybrid TV, is a television set with integrated Internet and interactive Web 2.0 features. Smart TV is a convergence between computers and flatscreen television sets and set-top boxes. Smart TV should not be confused with Internet TV, IPTV or with Web TV, Internet TV refers to receiving television content over the Internet instead of traditional systems. Internet Protocol television is one of the Internet television technology standards for use by television broadcasters, Web television is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet TV. In smart TVs, the system is preloaded or is available through the set-top box. These devices allow viewers to search, find and play videos, movies, TV shows, photos and other content from the Web, on a cable TV channel, on a satellite TV channel, or on a local storage drive. A first patent was published in 1994 for an intelligent television system, linked with data processing systems, apart from being linked to data networks, one key point is its ability to automatically download necessary software routines, according to a users demand, and process their needs. The mass acceptance of digital television in late 2000s and early 2010s greatly improved smart TVs, major TV manufacturers have announced production of smart TVs only, for their middle-end to high-end TVs in 2015. Smart TVs are expected to become the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, at the beginning of 2016, Nielsen reported that 29 percent of those with incomes over $75,000 a year had a smart TV. Smart TVs run complete operating system or mobile operating system providing a platform for application developers. Smart TV enables access to movies, shows, video games, apps, some of those apps include Netflix, Spotify, YouTube, and Amazon. Smart TV devices also provide access to user-generated content and to services and Internet applications, such as YouTube. Smart TV devices facilitate the curation of traditional content by combining information from the Internet with content from TV Providers, services offer users a means to track and receive reminders about shows or sporting events, as well as the ability to change channels for immediate viewing. Smart TV develops new features to satisfy consumers and companies, such as new payment processes, LG and PaymentWall have collaborated to allow consumers to access purchased apps, movies, games, and more using a remote control, laptop, tablet, or smartphone. This is intended for an easier and more convenient way for checkout, Smart TV technology and software is still evolving, with both proprietary and open source software frameworks already available. These can run applications, interactive media, personalized communications. There are many Smart TV platforms used for individual purposes, Smart TV owners desire the most successful platform possible for their Smart TV. For this reason, platforms are ranked from best to worst, HbbTV, provided by the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV association, CE-HTML, part of Web4CE, OIPF, part of HbbTV, and Tru2way are framework platforms managed by technology businesses
5.
Operating system
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An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require a system to function. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones, the dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a market share of around 83. 3%. MacOS by Apple Inc. is in place, and the varieties of Linux is in third position. Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors, other specialized classes of operating systems, such as embedded and real-time systems, exist for many applications. A single-tasking system can run one program at a time. Multi-tasking may be characterized in preemptive and co-operative types, in preemptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates a slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems, e. g. Solaris, Linux, cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to provide time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking, 32-bit versions of both Windows NT and Win9x, used preemptive multi-tasking. Single-user operating systems have no facilities to distinguish users, but may allow multiple programs to run in tandem, a distributed operating system manages a group of distinct computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing, distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a work in cooperation, they form a distributed system. The technique is used both in virtualization and cloud computing management, and is common in large server warehouses, embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy and they are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design, Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems. A real-time operating system is a system that guarantees to process events or data by a specific moment in time. A real-time operating system may be single- or multi-tasking, but when multitasking, early computers were built to perform a series of single tasks, like a calculator. Basic operating system features were developed in the 1950s, such as resident monitor functions that could run different programs in succession to speed up processing
6.
Android (operating system)
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Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. In addition to devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars. Variants of Android are also used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, beginning with the first commercial Android device in September 2008, the operating system has gone through multiple major releases, with the current version being 7.0 Nougat, released in August 2016. Android applications can be downloaded from the Google Play store, which features over 2.7 million apps as of February 2017, Android has been the best-selling OS on tablets since 2013, and runs on the vast majority of smartphones. In September 2015, Android had 1.4 billion monthly active users, Android is popular with technology companies that require a ready-made, low-cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices. The success of Android has made it a target for patent, Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. Rubin described the Android project as tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are aware of its owners location. The early intentions of the company were to develop an operating system for digital cameras. Despite the past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretly and that same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope. In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million and its key employees, including Rubin, Miner and White, joined Google as part of the acquisition. Not much was known about Android at the time, with Rubin having only stated that they were making software for mobile phones, at Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system, Google had lined up a series of hardware components and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation. Speculation about Googles intention to enter the communications market continued to build through December 2006. In September 2007, InformationWeek covered an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile telephony, the first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, also known as T-Mobile G1, announced on September 23,2008. Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have improved the operating system, adding new features. Each major release is named in order after a dessert or sugary treat, with the first few Android versions being called Cupcake, Donut, Eclair. In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices, a lineup in which Google partnered with different device manufacturers to produce new devices and introduce new Android versions
7.
Google Play
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Google Play is a digital distribution service, including a digital media store, the Google Play Store, operated and developed by Google. Google Play also serves as a digital media store, offering music, magazines, books, movies and it previously offered Google hardware devices for purchase until the introduction of a separate online hardware retailer, Google Store, on March 11,2015. Applications are available through Google Play either free of charge or at a cost and they can be downloaded directly to an Android device through the Play Store mobile app, or by deploying the application to a device from the Google Play website. Applications exploiting hardware capabilities of a device can be targeted to users of devices with specific hardware components, the Google Play store had over 50 billion app downloads in 2013 and has reached over 2.7 million apps published in 2017. Google Play was launched on March 6,2012, bringing together the Android Market, Google Music, and the Google eBookstore under one brand, marking a shift in Googles digital distribution strategy. The services operating under the Google Play banner are, Google Play Books, Google Play Games, Google Play Movies & TV, Google Play Music, as of February 2017, Google Play features over 2.7 million Android applications. Developers in over 150 locations can distribute apps on Google Play, to distribute apps, developers have to pay a one-time $25 registration fee for a Google Play Developer Console account. App developers can control which countries an app is distributed to, Developers receive 70% of the application price, while the remaining 30% goes to the distribution partner and operating fees. Developers can set up sales, with the original price striked out, Google Play allows developers to release early versions of apps to a select group of users, as alpha or beta tests. Developers can also release apps through staged rollouts, in which your update reaches only a percentage of your users, users can pre-order select apps to have the items delivered as soon as they are available. Some network carriers offer billing for Google Play purchases, allowing users to opt for charges in the phone bill rather than on credit cards. Users can request refunds within 48 hours if something you bought isnt working, isnt what you expected, was bought by accident, Apps meeting specific usability requirements can qualify as an Android Wear app. Google Play Games is a gaming service for Android that features real-time multiplayer gaming capabilities, cloud saves, social and public leaderboards. The service was introduced at the Google I/O2013 Developer Conference, Google Play Music is a music and podcast streaming service and online music locker. It features over 40 million songs, and gives users free cloud storage of up to 50,000 songs, as of January 2017, Google Play Music is available in 62 countries. Google Play Books is a digital distribution service. Google Play offers over five million ebooks available for purchase, as of January 2017, Google Play Books is available in 75 countries. Google Play Movies & TV is a video on demand service offering movies and television shows available for purchase or rental, Google Play Newsstand is a news aggregator and digital newsstand service offering subscriptions to digital magazines and topical news feeds
8.
Google Cast
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The protocol was first launched on July 24,2013, to support Googles first-generation Chromecast player. The Google Cast SDK was released on February 3,2014, according to Google, over 20,000 Google Cast-ready apps were available as of May 2015. Google Cast would later be built into the Nexus Player and other Android TV devices, such as televisions, as well as soundbars, speakers, in both cases, playback is initiated through the cast button on the sender device. The primary method of playing media on the device is through Google Cast–enabled mobile and web apps, which control program selection, playback, streamed content can be Internet-based, as provided by specific apps, or reside on the sender devices local storage. Apps that provide access to the latter include AllCast, Avia, Plex, content can also be mirrored from a tab of the Chrome browser on a personal computer or from the screen of some Android 4. 4+ devices. In the case of tab casting, the quality of the image depends on the power of the device. Content that uses plug-ins, such as Silverlight and QuickTime, does not fully work, similarly, screen images mirrored from Android devices are typically degraded, reflecting the fact that video displayed on the smaller screens of tablets and smartphones is usually downscaled. Guest mode is available for Chromecasts, the Nexus Player. Additional apps supporting casting would require access to the Google Cast software development kit, the SDK was first released as a preview version on July 24,2013. Google advised interested developers to use the SDK to create and test apps, while that admonition remained in force, Google Cast-enabled applications for Hulu Plus and Pandora Radio were released in October 2013, and HBO GO in November. Google invited developers to a two-day hackathon on December 7 at Googleplex, its Mountain View headquarters, the session attracted 40 developers from 30 companies and was followed by 10 additional apps, including Plex, Avia, and Realplayer Cloud. Google opened the SDK to all developers on February 3,2014, in its introductory documentation and video presentation, Google said the SDK worked with both Chromecast devices and other unnamed cast receiver devices. Google also made the SDK a part of the Google Play Services framework, over time, many more applications have been updated to support Google Cast. At Google I/O2014, the announced that 6,000 registered developers were working on 10,000 Google Cast–ready apps, by the following years conference. Googles official list of apps and platforms is available on the Chromecast website. Google has published studies documenting Google Cast integration by Comedy Central, Just Dance Now, Haystack TV. The development framework has two components, an app and a receiver app, both of which make use of APIs provided by the SDK. Under the hood, sender apps can detect receiver devices on the local network, establish a secure channel
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