1.
Salisbury
–
Salisbury is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England, and the only city within the county. It is the third-largest settlement in the county, after Swindon and Chippenham, with a population of 40,302, the city is located in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. Its cathedral was located to the north at Old Sarum, following its relocation. The new town received its city charter in 1227 under the name New Sarum, which continued to be its name until 2009. It sits at the confluence of five rivers, the Nadder, Ebble, Wylye, and Bourne are tributary to the Hampshire Avon, which flows to the south coast and into the sea at Christchurch in Dorset. Salisbury railway station serves the city and is a regional interchange, Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is about 8 miles northwest of Salisbury and greatly aids the local economy. The city itself, Old Sarum, the present cathedral and the ruins of the one also attract visitors. The first part of the name is of obscure origin, the form Sarum is a Latinization of Sar, a medieval abbreviation for Sarisberie. Salisbury appeared in the Welsh Chronicle of the Britons as Caer-Caradog, Caer-Gradawc, cair-Caratauc, one of the 28 British cities listed in the History of the Britons, has also been identified with Salisbury. The hilltop at Old Sarum lies near the Neolithic sites of Stonehenge and Avebury and it commanded a salient between the River Bourne and the Hampshire Avon near a crossroads of several early trade routes. During the Iron Age, a hillfort was constructed around it sometime between 600 and 300 BC, the Romans may have occupied the site or left it in the hands of an allied tribe. Amid the Saxon invasions, Old Sarum fell to King Cynric of Wessex in 552, preferring settlements in bottomland like nearby Wilton, the Saxons largely ignored Old Sarum until the Viking invasions led King Alfred to restore its fortifications. Along with Wilton, however, it was abandoned by its residents to be sacked and burned by the Dano-Norwegian king Sweyn Forkbeard in 1003 and it subsequently became the site of Wiltons mint. Following the Norman invasion, a castle was constructed by 1070. The castle was directly by the Norman kings, its castellan was generally also the sheriff of Wiltshire. Hermann and his successor Saint Osmund began the construction of the first Salisbury cathedral, the cathedral was consecrated on 5 April 1092 but suffered extensive damage in a storm, traditionally said to have occurred only five days later. Bishop Roger was an ally of Henry I who served as his viceroy during the kings absence to Normandy and directed the royal administration. He refurbished and expanded Old Sarums cathedral in the 1110s and began work on a palace during the 1130s
2.
Mime artist
–
A mime or mime artist is a person who uses mime as a theatrical medium or as a performance art, involving miming, or the acting out a story through body motions, without use of speech. In earlier times, in English, such a performer would typically be referred to as a mummer, miming is to be distinguished from silent comedy, in which the artist is a seamless character in a film or sketch. The performance of mime originates at its earliest in Ancient Greece, in Medieval Europe, early forms of mime such as mummer plays and later dumbshows evolved. In early nineteenth century Paris, Jean-Gaspard Deburau solidified the many attributes that we have come to know in modern times—the silent figure in whiteface, Jacques Copeau, strongly influenced by Commedia dellarte and Japanese Noh theatre, used masks in the training of his actors. Jacques Lecoq contributed significantly to the development of mime and physical theatre with his training methods, however, the twentieth century also brought a new medium into widespread usage, the motion picture. The restrictions of early motion picture technology meant that stories had to be told with minimal dialogue and this often demanded a highly stylized form of physical acting largely derived from the stage. Thus, mime played an important role in films prior to advent of talkies, the mimetic style of film acting was used to great effect in German Expressionist film. Indeed, Chaplin may be the best-documented mime in history, tati, like Chaplin before him, would mime out the movements of every single character in his films and ask his actors to repeat them. Mime has been performed on stage, with Marcel Marceau and his character Bip being the most famous, Mime is also a popular art form in street theatre and busking. Traditionally, these sorts of performances involve the actor/actress wearing tight black, however, contemporary mimes often perform without whiteface. Similarly, while traditional mimes have been silent, contemporary mimes, while refraining from speaking. Mime acts are often comical, but some can be very serious, canadian author Michael Jacots first novel, The Last Butterfly, tells the story of a mime artist in Nazi-occupied Europe who is forced by his oppressors to perform for a team of Red Cross observers. Nobel laureate Heinrich Bölls The Clown relates the downfall of a mime artist, Hans Schneir, jacob Appels Pushcart short-listed story, Coulrophobia, depicts the tragedy of a landlord whose marriage slowly collapses after he rents a spare apartment to an intrusive mime artist. The first recorded mime was Telestēs in the play Seven Against Thebes by Aeschylus, tragic mime was developed by Puladēs of Kilikia, comic mime was developed by Bathullos of Alexandria. The Roman emperor Trajan banished mime artists, Caligula favored them, nero himself acted as a mime. Recitation, music, and even percussive footwork sometimes accompany the performance, the Natya Shastra, an ancient treatise on theatre by Bharata Muni, mentions silent performance, or mukabhinaya. In Kathakali, stories from Indian epics are told with facial expressions, hand signals, performances are accompanied by songs narrating the story while the actors act out the scene, followed by actor detailing without background support of narrative song. Butoh, though referred to as a dance form, has been adopted by various theatre practitioners as well
3.
Star Wars
–
Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
4.
C-3PO
–
C-3PO or See-Threepio is a humanoid robot character from the Star Wars franchise who appears in the original Star Wars films, the prequel trilogy and the sequel trilogy. Created by Anakin Skywalker, C-3PO was designed as a protocol droid intended to assist in etiquette, customs, along with his astromech droid counterpart and friend R2-D2, C-3PO provides comic relief within the narrative structure of the films, and serving as foils. C-3PO also appears frequently in the Star Wars Canon and Star Wars Legends continuities of novels, comic books, and video games, and was a major character in the ABC television show Droids. In Star Wars, C-3PO is introduced to the audience when he, when R2-D2 attempts to leave the ship to deliver a secret message to Obi-Wan Kenobi, C-3PO follows R2-D2 into an escape pod, which lands on the planet Tatooine. There, C-3PO and R2-D2 are captured by Jawas, and are taken to be sold, in the process of being sold to Owen Lars, C-3PO convinces his new owner to buy R2-D2 as well. The duo ultimately lead Lars nephew, Luke Skywalker, to Obi-Wan, when the ship is taken hostage on the Death Star, C-3PO helps R2-D2 shut down the space stations trash computer, saving their human companions lives, before escaping on board the Falcon. When R2-D2 is damaged during the Battle of Yavin, a grief-stricken C-3PO offers to donate his spare parts to repair his counterpart. C-3PO and a repaired R2-D2 are present at the celebration of the Death Stars destruction at the end of the film, throughout the film C-3PO is a foil to R2-D2s antics, even when C-3PO translates R2-D2s machine speech for the audience. When R2 is damaged in the Battle of Yavin, C-3PO offers to donate any mechanical parts helpful in his repair, C-3PO also displays the ability to deceive humans. In The Empire Strikes Back, C-3PO is responsible for identifying the Empires probe droid, C-3PO escapes with Han, Chewbacca, and Leia in the Millennium Falcon, while R2-D2 joins Luke in his search for Yoda. During this time C-3PO and Solo are often shown as foils, C-3PO quoting odds, after a chase through the Hoth asteroid field, the Falcon escapes to Cloud City on Bespin. While exploring a room in Cloud City, C-3PO is blasted by an off-camera stormtrooper, in search of R2-D2, Chewbacca heads to the Ugnaught recycling facility where he finds the dismembered parts of the droid. When Darth Vader reveals his presence to the group that day, Chewbacca is sent into a holding cell, but is permitted to rebuild the droid. Thereafter, Chewbacca carries the partially rebuilt C-3PO on his back during Hans encasement in carbonite, with the help of the citys administrator, Lando Calrissian, Princess Leia, Chewbacca, and C-3PO escape the city. Having C-3PO on Chewbaccas back proves to be beneficial, in that when Boba Fett escapes the city with Han Solo, while escaping Vaders flagship Executor, R2-D2 begins repairing C-3PO. After making their way to the Rebels rendezvous point, C-3PO is fully repaired, in Return of the Jedi, Luke commands C-3PO and R2-D2 to deliver a message to Jabba the Hutt, whereby C-3PO is used as Jabbas translator while R2-D2 serves on his flying sail barge. C-3POs first translation for the lord is of the bounty hunter Boushh — Leia in disguise — claiming the bounty for Chewbacca. When Luke attempts escape, R2-D2 tosses him his lightsaber, with which he attacks Jabbas guards, in the midst of the battle, C-3PO is attacked by Salacious Crumb, who pulls out his right photoreceptor before being driven off by R2-D2
5.
Legolas
–
Legolas is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. He is a Sindarin Elf of the Woodland Realm and one of nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring, Legolas was the son of Thranduil, King of the Woodland Realm of Northern Mirkwood, who appears as the Elvenking in The Hobbit. Thranduil ruled over the Silvan Elves or Wood-elves of Mirkwood, although he lived among the Silvan Elves, Legolas was not one himself. His father Thranduil had originally come from Lindon, he and his son were actually Sindar, or Grey Elves, called in the singular Sinda, Thranduil himself was the son of Oropher. Legolass mother is never mentioned, the Elves of Mirkwood have no Queen at the time of The Hobbit. Legolas was introduced in The Fellowship of the Ring, at the Council of Elrond in Rivendell, Legolas was chosen to be a member of the Fellowship of the Ring, charged with destroying the One Ring. He accompanied the members in their travels from Rivendell to Amon Hen. When the attempt to cross Caradhras failed, Gandalf led the fellowship on an underground through Moria. Before they reached Moria, Legolas helped fend off an attack by wolves in Hollin, in Moria, he helped fight off orcs and recognized Durins Bane as a Balrog of Morgoth. After Gandalf was lost, Aragorn took charge of the fellowship and led them to the Elven realm of Lothlórien, Legolas served as the initial spokesperson for the company, speaking with the inhabitants, the Galadhrim, whom he considered close kin. Moreover, the dwarves of Erebor disliked Thranduil ever since he refused to pay them for crafting his raw metals, however Legolas and Gimli began to become friends when Gimli greeted the Elven queen Galadriel respectfully. When the fellowship left Lothlórien, Galadriel and Celeborn gave the members gifts, Legolas used the bow to bring down a fell beast in the dark with one shot. After Boromir was killed and Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took were captured by orcs in The Two Towers, Legolas, Aragorn, if thou hearest the cry of the gull on the shore, Thy heart shall then rest in the forest no more. The three met with the Rohirrim, fought in the Battle of the Hornburg, and witnessed Sarumans downfall at Isengard together with Gandalf, in The Return of the King, Legolas and Gimli accompanied Aragorn and the Grey Company on the Paths of the Dead. After Aragorn summoned the Dead Men of Dunharrow to fight for him and he fought in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields and of the Morannon and watched as Sauron was defeated and Barad-dûr collapsed. After the destruction of the One Ring, Legolas remained in Minas Tirith for Aragorns crowning, later, Legolas and Gimli travelled together through Fangorn forest and to the Glittering Caves of Helms Deep, as Legolas had promised Gimli. Eventually, Legolas founded an Elf-colony in Ithilien and spent his time helping to restore the devastated forests there. Tolkien first describes Legolas in The Fellowship of the Ring as a strange Elf, clad in green, as part of the Fellowship of the Ring, Legolas is armed with a bow and arrows and one long white knife which hangs by his side
6.
Ralph Bakshi
–
Ralph Bakshi is an American director of animated and live-action films. In the 1970s, he established an alternative to mainstream animation through independent, between 1972 and 1992, he directed nine theatrically released feature films, five of which he wrote. He has been involved in television projects as director, writer, producer. Beginning his career at the Terrytoons television cartoon studio as a cel polisher, Bakshi was eventually promoted to animator and he moved to the animation division of Paramount Pictures in 1967 and started his own studio, Bakshi Productions, in 1968. Through producer Steve Krantz, Bakshi made his feature film, Fritz the Cat. It was the first animated film to receive an X rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, over the next eleven years, Bakshi directed seven additional animated features. He is well known for films as Wizards, The Lord of the Rings, American Pop and Fire. In 1987, Bakshi returned to work, producing the series Mighty Mouse, The New Adventures. After a nine-year hiatus from films, he directed Cool World. Bakshi returned to television with the live-action film Cool and the Crazy, during the 2000s, he focused largely on fine art and painting and in 2003 co-founded The Bakshi School of Animation with his son Eddie and Jess Gorell. Ralph Bakshi was born to a Jewish family on October 29,1938, in Haifa, in 1939, his family immigrated to New York City to escape World War II, and he grew up in the Brownsville neighborhood of Brooklyn. The family lived in a low-rent apartment, where Bakshi became fascinated with the urban milieu, as a child, he enjoyed comic books, and often dug through trash cans to find them. In the spring of 1947, Bakshis father and uncle traveled to Washington, D. C. in search of business opportunities, Bakshi recalled, All my friends were black, everyone we did business with was black, the school across the street was black. It was segregated, so everything was black, I went to see black movies, black girls sat on my lap. I was another kid on the block. The racial segregation of schools meant that the nearest white school was several miles away. Bakshi was the white student in the classroom. Most of the students had no problem with Bakshis presence, but a teacher sought advice from the principal, fearing that segregated whites would riot if they learned that a white student was attending a black school, the police removed Bakshi from his classroom
7.
The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)
–
The Lord of the Rings is a 1978 American high fantasy animated film directed by Ralph Bakshi. It is an adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkiens high fantasy epic The Lord of the Rings, comprising The Fellowship of the Ring and the first half of The Two Towers. Set in Middle-earth, the film follows a group of hobbits, elves, men, dwarves and they embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring made by the Dark Lord Sauron, and ensure his destruction. The film is notable for its use of rotoscoping, a technique in which scenes are first shot in live-action. It uses a hybrid of traditional cel animation and rotoscoped live action footage, the screenplay was written by Peter S. Beagle, based on an earlier draft by Chris Conkling. Although Bakshis The Lord of the Rings was a success, it received mixed reactions from critics. Early in the Second Age of Middle-earth, elven smiths forge nine Rings of Power for mortal men, seven for the Dwarf-Lords, soon after, the Dark Lord Sauron makes the One Ring, and uses it to attempt to conquer Middle-earth. Following the Last Alliance of Elves and Mens fall, the Ring is seized by Prince Isildur, and after Isildur was killed by orcs, over time, Sauron captures the Nine Rings and creates the Ringwraiths. The One Ring is discovered by Déagol, whose friend, Sméagol, kills him, the Ring twists his body and mind, and he becomes the creature Gollum. Hundreds of years later, Bilbo Baggins finds the Ring in Gollums cave, years later, during Bilbos birthday celebration, the wizard Gandalf tells him to leave the Ring for his relative Frodo. Bilbo reluctantly agrees, and leaves the Shire, seventeen years pass, during which Gandalf learns that evil forces have discovered that the Ring is in the possession of a Baggins. Gandalf meets with Frodo to explain the Rings history and the danger it poses and he is accompanied by three hobbit friends, Pippin, Merry, and Sam. After a narrow escape from the Ringwraiths, the hobbits eventually come to Bree, Frodo is stabbed atop Weathertop mountain by the chief of the Ringwraiths, and becomes sickened as the journey progresses. The Ringwraiths catch up with them shortly after they meet the elf Legolas, and at a standoff at the ford of Rivendell, at Rivendell, Frodo is healed by Elrond. He meets Gandalf again, after the latter escapes Saruman, who plans to ally with Sauron, at a council, Bilbo, Gandalf, and others debate the One Ring, and Frodo volunteers to go to Mordor, where the Ring can be destroyed. Thereafter Frodo sets off from Rivendell with eight companions, Gandalf, Aragorn, Boromir, son of the Steward of Gondor, Legolas, Gimli the dwarf and their attempt to cross the Misty Mountains is foiled by heavy snow, and they are forced into Moria. There, they are attacked by orcs, and Gandalf falls into an abyss while battling a balrog, the remaining Fellowship continue through the elf-haven Lothlórien, where they meet the elf queen Galadriel. Boromir tries to take the Ring from Frodo, and Frodo continue his quest alone, Boromir is killed by orcs while trying to defend Merry and Pippin
8.
Prime Suspect
–
Prime Suspect is a British police procedural television drama series. The series focuses on a no-nonsense female Detective Chief Inspector, Jane Tennison, in later series, Tennison is reassigned to rotating duties, including a Vice Squad in Soho, and a Gang squad in Manchester. She is promoted to Detective Superintendent shortly thereafter, the first series features sexism in the workplace as a significant subplot and a barrier to the investigation. Tennisons difficulty in achieving a balance between her work and her life outside the job and her difficulty in maintaining stable relationships are a theme within the series. Toward the end of Prime Suspect 3 she arranges to have her pregnancy terminated and it is set mostly in London and the outer areas, with series 5 being set in Manchester. Prime Suspects format is multiple episodes, each number represents a case, which runs around 3½ hours, usually aired in two parts or four parts. Prime Suspect 4 was an exception at slightly over 5 hours with three separate cases, the first five series were produced at a steady pace of one roughly every eighteen months until Mirren left the role, supposedly to avoid typecasting. She returned to the character after a seven-year gap, Prime Suspect was produced by Granada Television for the ITV network between 7 April 1991 and 22 October 2006. Prime Suspect 4 through 7 were co-produced by WGBH Boston for its Masterpiece Mystery anthology series, the music score for the first five series was done by Academy Award-winning composer Stephen Warbeck, who was nominated for a BAFTA for Prime Suspect series one. The following year, Allan Cubitts teleplay for Prime Suspect 2 brought the series a second Edgar, Prime Suspect 3 was awarded a Peabody Award in 1993 for its realistic scenes and dialogue. The series garnered multiple BAFTA Awards, Emmy Awards, Golden Globe Awards, helen Mirren as Jane Tennison, a Detective Chief Inspector, and later a Detective Superintendent. Tennison is the series protagonist, and the audience follow her career as she investigates cases in both London and Manchester and she is a skilled Detective, battling to prove herself in the male-dominated world of policing. Mirren described Tennison as extremely directed, ambitious, talented and very uncompromising, she is, as a result, after a fruitful career as a Senior Investigating Officer, Tennison retires from policing at the series end. The actors listed below are those who appeared in two or more cases and this list is not definitive, and as such, single-case appearances are not noted. In summer of 2015, ITV announced plans for a prequel, Prime Suspect 1973. The series is based on the book Tennison by Lynda La Plante and has adapted by Glen Laker. It tells the story of a 22 year old Jane Tennison as a young WPC officer investigating her first murder case, the series began airing on March 2,2017. The role of Tennison is played by Stefanie Martini, in interviews, Sedgwick has acknowledged that the show owes a debt to the British crime drama, and that her admiration for that show and for Mirren were factors that first interested her in the role
9.
Helen Mirren
–
Dame Helen Lydia Mirren DBE is an English actor. The Audience was written by Peter Morgan, who also wrote The Queen, Tingle, Gosford Park, Calendar Girls, The Last Station, Hitchcock, and The Hundred-Foot Journey. She played Victoria Winslow in the action-comedy films Red and Red 2, in 2003, she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for Services to the Performing Arts. In 2013, Mirren was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and she was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, west London, the daughter of Kathleen Kitty Alexandrina Eva Matilda and Vasily Petrovich Mironoff. Her mother was English and her father was Russian, originally from Kuryanovo, Mirrens paternal grandfather, Colonel Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov, was in the Imperial Russian Army and fought in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War. He later became a diplomat, and was negotiating a deal in Britain when he. The former diplomat became a London cab driver to support his family and his son, Helen Mirrens father, anglicised the family name to Mirren in the 1950s and changed his name to Basil Mirren. He played the viola with the London Philharmonic before World War II, Mirrens mother was a working-class Londoner from West Ham, East London, and was the 13th of 14 children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to Queen Victoria. Mirren considers her upbringing to have been very anti-monarchist, Mirren was the second of three children, she was born three years after her older sister, Katherine, and also had a younger brother, Peter Basil. Mirren was brought up in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, aged eighteen, she auditioned for the National Youth Theatre and was accepted. By the time she was 20, she was playing Cleopatra in the NYT production of Antony and Cleopatra at the Old Vic, as a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the Royal Shakespeare Company. She also appeared in four productions, directed by Braham Murray for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, in 1970, the director/producer John Goldschmidt made a documentary film, Doing Her Own Thing, about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. The film was made for ATV and shown on the ITV Network in the UK and she then rejoined the RSC, playing Lady Macbeth at Stratford in 1974 and at the Aldwych Theatre in 1975. According to Beauman, there were no repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC. Her performance earned her the London critics Plays & Players Best Actress award, beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in The Seagull and Ella in Ben Travers new farce The Bed Before Yesterday. In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of Brian Friels Faith Healer, – Michael Coveney, Financial Times, April 1983. On 15 February 2013, at the West Ends Gielgud Theatre she began a turn as Elizabeth II in the World Premiere of Peter Morgans The Audience, the show was directed by Stephen Daldry. In April she was named best actress at the Olivier Awards for her role, a further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an Yvonne Arnaud Theatre production bound for the West End, when Bill Bryden cast her as Natalya Petrovna in Ivan Turgenevs A Month in the Country
10.
Carnegie Mellon University
–
Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools, in 1967, the Carnegie Institute of Technology merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to form Carnegie Mellon University. The universitys 140-acre main campus is 3 miles from Downtown Pittsburgh, john Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy, and the School of Computer Science. The university also has campuses in Qatar and Silicon Valley, with degree-granting programs in six continents, Carnegie Mellon consistently ranks in the top 25 in the national U. S. News & World Report rankings. It is home to the world’s first degree-granting Robotics and Drama programs, the university spent $242 million on research in 2015. Carnegie Mellon counts 13,650 students from 114 countries, over 100,000 living alumni, Carnegies vision was to open a vocational training school for the sons and daughters of working-class Pittsburghers. Carnegie was inspired for the design of his school by the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, in 1912 the institution changed its name to Carnegie Institute of Technology and began offering four-year degrees. The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was founded in 1913 by banker and industrialist brothers Andrew, Mellon in honor of their father, Thomas Mellon, the patriarch of the Mellon family. The Institute began as an organization which performed work for government. In 1927, the Mellon Institute incorporated as an independent nonprofit, in 1938, the Mellon Institutes iconic building was completed and it moved to its new, and current, location on Fifth Avenue. In 1967, with support from Paul Mellon, Carnegie Tech merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to become Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellons coordinate womens college, the Margaret Morrison Carnegie College closed in 1973 and merged its academic programs with the rest of the university. The industrial research mission of the Mellon Institute survived the merger as the Carnegie Mellon Research Institute and continued doing work on contract to industry, CMRI closed in 2001 and its programs were subsumed by other parts of the university or spun off into independent entities. Carnegie Mellons 140-acre main campus is three miles from downtown Pittsburgh, between Schenley Park and the Squirrel Hill, Shadyside, and Oakland neighborhoods, Carnegie Mellon is bordered to the west by the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Carnegie Mellon owns 81 buildings in the Oakland and Squirrel Hill neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, for decades the center of student life on campus was Skibo Hall, the Universitys student union. Built in the 1950s, Skibo Halls design was typical of Mid-Century Modern architecture, the original Skibo was razed in the summer of 1994 and replaced by a new student union that is fully wi-fi enabled. Known as University Center, the building was dedicated in 1996, in 2014, Carnegie Mellon re-dedicated the University Center as the Cohon University Center in recognition of the eighth president of the university, Jared Cohon. A large grassy area known as the Cut forms the backbone of the campus, the Cut was formed by filling in a ravine with soil from a nearby hill that was leveled to build the College of Fine Arts building. The northwestern part of the campus was acquired from the United States Bureau of Mines in the 1980s, the sculpture was controversial for its placement, the general lack of input that the campus community had, and its aesthetic appeal
11.
Entertainment Technology Center
–
The Entertainment Technology Center is a department at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the Pittsburgh Technology Center, the ETC offers a two-year Masters of Entertainment Technology degree, jointly conferred by Carnegie Mellon Universitys College of Fine Arts and School of Computer Science. The ETC was co-founded by Donald Marinelli, a Professor of Drama, and Randy Pausch, a Professor of Computer Science, in 1999. The ETC has a history of having agreements with companies, such as Electronic Arts, Activision, and Rockstar Games. The ETCs curriculum is split into 4 semesters, with an industry internship in between the second and third semesters. The first semester includes required classes, such as Building Virtual Worlds, Fundamentals of Entertainment Technology, Improvisational Acting, the next three semesters all consist of a semester-long project course, and one elective class, which can be any other class taught at Carnegie Mellon University. The project course consists of 5 team-based projects, each of which is completed with a team of students
12.
Giggleswick School
–
Giggleswick School is an independent co-educational boarding school in Giggleswick, near Settle, North Yorkshire, England. By 1512 the school consisted of two small, irregular buildings, next to the parish church, the school was run by the chantry priests until Edward VI dissolved the position. The school was saved by the petition of the Kings Chaplain, John Nowell, the charter granted land and endowed it with the title, The Free Grammar School of King Edward the VI of Giggleswick. There is some evidence that there was a school on the site from an earlier date. Giggleswick was one of 27 schools listed in the Public Schools Yearbook of 1889, in 2012 the school celebrated its 500th anniversary with numerous events throughout the year, including a ball, an outside concert and fireworks display. The school continued in its location until 1867, when it moved out of the village centre up the hill to its present location. At this point, an expansion of the school and its facilities began. Boarding accommodation was added, playing fields were laid out, the only remaining part of the second school, the covered courtyard, was converted into a shooting range, used by the schools Combined Cadet Force contingent and other Territorial Army units. In 1897, work began on the chapel, a gift from local landowner. Jackson designed the building to Morrisons unusual specifications, a Gothic structure with a dome and it was Morrisons wish that the building should be completely fitted and furnished inside, to allow for no unsympathetic alteration in the future. The interior was filled with expensive fixtures and fittings, the pews were made of imported cypress wood, the floors covered in marble, and the organ was made by Henry Willis & Sons, a leading organ makers at the time. It was rebuilt in 2005 by GO-Organ Builders Ltd, the chapels dome was covered in copper which developed a distinctive green verdigris colour, reverting to the original bronze colour after restoration in the late 1990s. The interior of the dome was decorated with mosaics depicting angels playing musical instruments, the altar furniture is made of sterling silver and Brazilian rosewood. It was presented to the school in memory of Sir Douglas Glover, in the 1970s the school became co-educational, the first public school in the north of England to do so. In the 2000s, Giggleswick School, Catteral Hall and Mill House were reorganised to create Giggleswick Junior School, Giggleswick is one of only 18 schools to possess a Royal Marine cadet force, which became affiliated with HMS Bulwark in the autumn of 2004. Pupils from the school operate the manual scoreboards at the Open Championship golf tournament and these pupils receive recognition on television each year from golf broadcaster Peter Alliss, on both the BBC in the UK and on ESPN and ABC in the United States. In September 2014 a new headmaster was to replace the current headmaster Geoffrey Boult who was retiring after 14 years at the school. There are four boarding houses, Morrison, named after Walter Morrison, Nowell, named after John Nowell, Paley, named after William Paley, Shute
13.
Rose Bruford College
–
Rose Bruford College of Theatre & Performance is a drama school in the London suburb of Sidcup. The college has degree programmes in acting, actor musicianship, theatre arts, Rose Bruford College is accredited by Drama UK. The colleges undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications and programmes are validated by the University of Manchester, professor Michael Earley is the principal and chief executive. Sir Richard Eyre became the first president of Rose Bruford College in July 2010, Rose Bruford pioneered the first acting degree in 1976. Initially, classes were held in Lamorbey House, an 18th-century, Sidcup is a suburb in the southeast of Greater London. The campus has since expanded, construction of several new buildings was completed in 2002. For some time, there was also a campus situated in Deptford, near Greenwich in South East London, among these are four venues for student productions, the 300-seat theatre in the round Rose Theatre, the more intimate Barn Theatre, and two black box studio spaces. Third-year undergraduate students present their shows in off-campus London venues, such as the Unicorn Theatre, Rose Bruford College was the filming location of the television drama Nearly Famous. Rose Elizabeth Bruford was born on 22 June 1904 and she remembers herself acting while still a child, often directed by her brother Lionel. Bruford resolved to study drama at the Central School and her early months there were not particularly happy, but she grew to love and greatly admire Elsie Fogerty. While still a student, Bruford took part in the Oxford Recitations of Spoken Verse, begun in 1923 by John Masefield. Here she met several poets, including W. H. Auden, Gordon Bottomley, Richard Church, Walter de la Mare, T. S. Eliot, Christopher Hassall, and John Drinkwater. Yeats encouraged her to some of his poems to the accompaniment of a small harp. She graduated in 1928 with top honours for her verse-speaking, John Masefield became her champion and guide for the rest of her life. After graduating from the Central School, Bruford followed her parents wishes never to work in the theatre, instead, she became a visiting teacher of speech and drama. Between 1925 and 1949 she taught regularly at 43 different schools, in 1941 she was appointed to the staff of the Royal Academy of Music where, starting with seven students, she built the drama course to 70 students. The Ministry of Education certified the course as a teacher-training programme, during this period, she spent three days per week at the Royal Academy of Music, and two teaching mime at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In 1948 her first book, Speech and Drama, was published and was well-received, meanwhile, she wanted better conditions and bigger premises for her course at the Royal Academy of Music, but some of her views conflicted with those of the principal
14.
BBC Radio
–
BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs. It also oversees online audio content, of the national radio stations, BBC Radio 1,2,3,4 and 5 Live are all available through analogue radio as well as on DAB Digital Radio and internet services through RealMedia, WMA and BBC iPlayer. The remaining stations, BBC Radio 1Xtra,4 Extra,5 Live Sports Extra and 6 Music, all of the BBCs national radio stations broadcast from bases in London, usually in or near to Broadcasting House in Marylebone. However, the BBCs network production units located in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, the BBCs radio services began in 1922. Today radio broadcasting still makes up a part of the corporations output - the title of the BBCs listings magazine, Radio Times. On 1 January 1927 the British Broadcasting Company was succeeded in control of the airwaves by the British Broadcasting Corporation. John Reith, who had been the managing director of the commercial company. He expounded firm principles of centralised, all-encompassing radio broadcasting, stressing programming standards and these he set out in his autobiography, Broadcast Over Britain, influencing modern ideas of public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. To this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate, although no other broadcasting organisation was licensed in the UK until 1973, commercial competition soon opened up from overseas. The English language service of Radio Luxembourg began in 1933 as one of the earliest commercial radio broadcasting to Britain. The IBC began leasing time on transmitters in continental Europe and then reselling it as sponsored English-language programming aimed at audiences in Britain and it was an important forerunner of pirate radio and modern commercial radio in the United Kingdom. The onset of World War II silenced all but one of the original IBC stations, at the start of the Second World War it was renamed The Overseas Service but is now known as the BBC World Service. Beginning in 1964 the first in what became a fleet of 10 offshore pirate radio stations began to ring the British coastline, by 1967 millions were tuning into these commercial operations and the BBC was rapidly losing its radio listening audience. The British government reacted by passing the Marine Offences Act, which all, One of the stations called Radio London was so successful that the BBC was told to copy it as best they could. This led to an overhaul by Frank Gillard the BBCs Director of Radio of the BBC output creating the four analogue channels that still form the basis of its broadcasting today. The creator of BBC Radio One told the press that his family had been fans of Radio London, the BBC hired many out-of-work broadcasting staff who had come from the former offshore stations. Tony Blackburn who presented the very first BBC Radio One morning show had previously presented the morning show on Radio Caroline
15.
George Lucas
–
George Walton Lucas Jr. is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur. He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lucasfilm, before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012. Upon graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967, Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola, Lucas wrote and directed THX1138, based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth, THX1138 4EB, which was a critical success but a financial failure. His next work as a writer-director was the film, American Graffiti, inspired by his teen years in early 1960s Modesto, California, the film was critically and commercially successful, and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture. Following the first Star Wars film, Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back, along with Steven Spielberg, Lucas co-created and wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Temple of Doom, and The Last Crusade. Lucas also produced and/or wrote a variety of films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s, Lucas also returned to directing with the Star Wars prequel trilogy, consisting of The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones, and Revenge of the Sith. He later collaborated on the story for the Indiana Jones sequel Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, five of Lucass seven features are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. Lucas is one of the American film industrys most financially successful filmmakers, Lucas is considered a significant figure in the New Hollywood era. Lucas was born and raised in Modesto, California, the son of Dorothy Ellinore Lucas and George Walton Lucas and he is of German, Swiss-German, English, Scottish, and distant Dutch and French descent. Growing up, Lucas had a passion for cars and motor racing, on June 12,1962, while driving his souped-up Autobianchi Bianchina, another driver broadsided him, flipping over his car, nearly killing him, causing him to lose interest in racing as a career. He attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied anthropology, sociology and he also began shooting with an 8 mm camera, including filming car races. At this time, Lucas and his friend John Plummer became interested in Canyon Cinema, screenings of underground, avant-garde 16 mm filmmakers like Jordan Belson, Stan Brakhage, and Bruce Conner. Lucas and Plummer also saw classic European films of the time, including Jean-Luc Godards Breathless, François Truffauts Jules et Jim, thats when George really started exploring, Plummer said. Through his interest in racing, Lucas met renowned cinematographer Haskell Wexler, another race enthusiast. Wexler, later to work with Lucas on several occasions, was impressed by Lucas talent, George had a very good eye, and he thought visually, he recalled. Lucas then transferred to the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, USC was one of the earliest universities to have a school devoted to motion picture film. During the years at USC, Lucas shared a room with Randal Kleiser. Along with classmates such as Walter Murch, Hal Barwood, and John Milius and he also became good friends with fellow acclaimed student filmmaker and future Indiana Jones collaborator, Steven Spielberg
16.
2001: A Space Odyssey (film)
–
2001, A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C, Clarke, partially inspired by Clarkes short story The Sentinel. Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001, A Space Odyssey, published soon after the film was released, the film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution. It deals with the themes of existentialism, human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence and it is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight, pioneering special effects, and ambiguous imagery. It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of narrative techniques, the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite, The Blue Danube. Production was subcontracted to Kubricks production company, and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy, Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming. 2001, A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences and it was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects. The sequel 2010 was released in 1984, directed by Peter Hyams, Today,2001, A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made. In 1991, it was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, in 2010, it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal. In an African desert millions of years ago, a tribe of ape-men is driven away from their water hole by a rival tribe and they awaken to find a featureless black monolith has appeared before them. Guided in some fashion by the monolith, they learn how to use a bone as a weapon and drive their rivals away from the water hole. Millions of years later, a Pan Am space plane carries Dr. Heywood Floyd to a station orbiting Earth for a layover on his trip to Clavius Base. After Floyd has a call with his daughter, his Soviet scientist friend. At Clavius, Floyd heads a meeting of base personnel, apologizing for the cover story. His mission is to investigate a recently found artifact buried four years ago. Floyd and others ride in a Moonbus to the artifact, an identical to the one encountered by the ape-men. Sunlight strikes the monolith and a loud high-pitched radio signal is heard, eighteen months later, the United States spacecraft Discovery One is bound for Jupiter. On board are mission pilots and scientists Dr. David Bowman and Dr. Frank Poole, most of Discoverys operations are controlled by the ships computer, HAL9000, referred to by the crew as Hal
17.
Mad Max
–
James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy. The film presents a tale of societal collapse, murder, and vengeance set in a future Australia, principal photography took place in and around Melbourne, Australia, and lasted six weeks. The film initially received a reception upon its release in April 1979. The film earned more than US$100 million worldwide in gross revenue and it held the Guinness record for most profitable film and has been credited for further opening up the global market to Australian New Wave films. The film became the first in a series, giving rise to the sequels Mad Max 2, The Road Warrior, Beyond Thunderdome, even though he manages to elude other MFP officers, the MFPs top pursuit man Max Rockatansky then engages the less-skilled Nightrider in a high-speed chase. Crawford breaks off first, but then is unable to recover his concentration before he, Nightriders motorbike gang, led by Toecutter and Bubba Zanetti, run roughshod over a town, vandalizing property, stealing fuel, and terrorizing the population. Max and fellow officer Jim Goose arrest Toecutters young protégé Johnny the Boy, when neither the rape victims nor any of the townspeople show for Johnnys trial, the federal courts close the case, Johnnys attorneys releasing him into Bubbas custody over Gooses furious objections. While Goose visits a nightclub in the city the next day, after being thrown into a field at high speed uninjured during a ride, Goose borrows a ute to haul his damaged bike back to the MFP. However, Johnny ambushes Goose off the road with a drum brake, after seeing Gooses charred body in a hospital intensive-care unit, Max becomes disillusioned with the MFP, and informs his superior Fifi Macaffee that he will resign. Fifi convinces Max to take a vacation first before he submits his letter of resignation. While on vacation, Maxs wife Jessie and their infant son Sprog encounter Toecutter and his gang, Max and his family then flee to a remote farm owned by an elderly friend named May Swaisey, but the gang manages to follow them. Jessie and Sprog escape from the gang, only to be run over by them and he rams several gang members off a bridge at high speed, kills Bubba during an ambush, and forces Toecutter into the path of a speeding semi-trailer truck. Max eventually locates Johnny, who is looting a deceased car-crash victim for a pair of boots, Max handcuffs Johnnys ankle to a wrecked vehicle, and sets a crude time-delay fuse involving a slow petrol leak and Johnnys lighter. Max throws Johnny a hacksaw, leaving him the choice of sawing through either the handcuffs or his ankle in order to escape within the time limit. As Max drives away from the bridge, the vehicle explodes, now a shell of his former self, Max drives on to points unknown, pushing deep into the Outback. George Miller was a doctor in Sydney, working in a hospital emergency room where he saw many injuries. He also witnessed many car accidents growing up in rural Queensland and had as a teenager lost at least three friends in accidents, while in residency at a Sydney hospital, Miller met amateur filmmaker Byron Kennedy at a summer film school in 1971. The duo produced a film, Violence in the Cinema, Part 1
18.
BBC
–
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
19.
Warwick Davis
–
Davis also starred as a fictionalised version of himself in the sitcom Lifes Too Short, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant. Davis was born in Epsom, Surrey, the son of Susan J. and Ashley Davis and he was educated at Chinthurst School and later the City of London Freemens School. Davis was born with Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, a rare form of dwarfism. When Davis was 11, his grandmother heard a radio advert calling for people who were 4 feet tall or shorter to be in Return of the Jedi, to Davis, who was a fan of the Star Wars films, it was a dream come true. During the filming of Return of the Jedi, Mark Hamill bought Davis every Star Wars figure he did not have, Davis based his Ewok movements on his dog, who would tilt his head from side to side whenever he saw something strange. The unreleased film was a look at his decision to become an actor and act in the film. Davis reprised his role as Wicket in the ABC made-for-TV films Caravan of Courage, An Ewok Adventure and Ewoks, The Battle for Endor. In 1987, Davis was called to Elstree Studios in London to meet with Ron Howard and George Lucas to discuss a new project called Willow. Willow was his first opportunity to act with his face visible and he co-starred with Val Kilmer in the film, which received a Royal Premiere before the Prince and Princess of Wales. In 1993, he played the villainous Irish goblin in Leprechaun, Davis played the role of Professor Filius Flitwick in the Harry Potter films. Davis played a white-moustached Flitwick in the first two films, and then an unnamed chorus conductor for the third instalment of the series. In the fourth film, Flitwick is younger looking, with short, brown hair, in addition to playing Flitwick, Davis played the role of the goblin Griphook in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, despite the role being played previously by fellow dwarf actor Verne Troyer. In 2004, Davis played the character Plates in the indie film Skinned Deep, in 2006, Davis appeared, alongside fellow Harry Potter star Daniel Radcliffe, in an episode of BBCs comedy series Extras as a satirical version of himself. Davis starred in the version of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. In December 2006, Davis starred in the pantomime Snow White and the Seven Dwarves at the Opera House, Manchester, and again in 2007–08 at the New Wimbledon Theatre. Davis appeared in The Chronicles of Narnia, Prince Caspian, in which he played Nikabrik the Dwarf and he also appeared as a contestant on the 2007 series of Children in Need reality show Celebrity Scissorhands. Davis starred as a version of himself in Lifes Too Short, written by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant. In December 2012, Davis returned to New Wimbledon Theatre to reprise his role in Snow White, in 2014, Davis hosted a factual series for ITV called Weekend Escapes with Warwick Davis
20.
Star Wars (film)
–
Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. The first installment in the Star Wars film series, it stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew co-star in supporting roles. The plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia, and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empires space station and this conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker, who inadvertently acquires a pair of droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star. Star Wars was released theatrically in the United States on May 25,1977 and it earned $461 million in the U. S. and $314 million overseas, totaling $775 million. It surpassed Jaws to become the film of all time until the release of E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial. When adjusted for inflation, Star Wars is the film in North America. It received ten Academy Award nominations, winning seven and it was among the first films to be selected as part of the U. S. Library of Congress National Film Registry as being culturally, historically, at the time, it was the most recent film on the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s. Its soundtrack was added to the U. S. National Recording Registry in 2004, today, it is often regarded as one of the best films of all time, as well as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures. It launched an industry of tie-in products, including TV series spinoffs, novels, comic books, and video games, the films success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, followed by a trilogy beginning in 2015. In 2016, Rogue One was released as a prequel to the original Star Wars film. The galaxy is in the midst of a civil war, spies for the Rebel Alliance have stolen plans to the Galactic Empires Death Star, a heavily armed space station capable of destroying an entire planet. Rebel leader Princess Leia has the plans, but her ship is captured by Imperial forces under the command of the evil Darth Vader, before she is captured, Leia hides the plans in the memory of an astromech droid, R2-D2, along with a holographic recording. R2-D2 flees to the surface of the desert planet Tatooine with C-3PO, the droids are captured by Jawa traders, who sell them to moisture farmers Owen and Beru Lars and their nephew Luke Skywalker. While cleaning R2-D2, Luke accidentally triggers part of Leias message, the next morning, Luke finds R2-D2 searching for Obi-Wan, and meets Ben Kenobi, an old hermit who lives in the hills and reveals himself to be Obi-Wan. Contrary to his uncles statements, Luke learns that his father, Anakin, Obi-Wan tells Luke that Vader was his former pupil who turned to the dark side of the Force and killed Anakin. Obi-Wan then presents to Luke his fathers weapon – a lightsaber, Obi-Wan views Leias complete message, in which she begs him to take the Death Star plans to her home planet of Alderaan and give them to her father for analysis
21.
Droid (robot)
–
A droid is a fictional robot possessing some degree of artificial intelligence in the Star Wars science fiction franchise. Coined by special effects artist John Stears, the term is a form of android. The word droid has been a trademark of Lucasfilm Ltd since 1977. The franchise, which began with the 1977 film Star Wars, Episode IV – A New Hope, a protocol droid specializes in translation, etiquette and cultural customs, and is typically humanoid in appearance. The most notable example is C-3PO, introduced in Star Wars, 4-LOM is a protocol droid turned bounty hunter who responds to Darth Vaders call to capture the Millennium Falcon in The Empire Strikes Back. An astromech droid is one of a series of versatile utility robots generally used for the maintenance and repair of starships and these small droids usually possess a variety of tool-tipped appendages that are stowed in recessed compartments. R2-D2 is an astromech droid introduced in 1977s Star Wars and featured in all subsequent films, the malfunctioning droid R5-D4 also makes a brief appearance in Star Wars. A battle droid is a class of military robot in the Star Wars prequel trilogy of films, the tall, thin B1 model resembles the Geonosian race, who designed the droids, and are known to suffer programming glitches that manifest as personality quirks. The droideka is a heavy infantry unit with twin blasters. Multiple other types of specialized battle droids have been featured in the films, hK-47 is a humanoid soldier robot, designed as a violent killer, which first appeared in the 2003 video game Star Wars, Knights of the Old Republic. The 2015 young adult novel Moving Target, A Princess Leia Adventure by Cecil Castellucci and Jason Fry introduces the droid PZ-4CO, PZ-4CO also appears in The Force Awakens. In the 2016 film Rogue One, K-2SO is an Imperial enforcer droid reprogrammed by the Rebel Alliance, the term Droid was first used in the science fiction story Robots of the World. Arise. by Mari Wolf, published in If, Worlds of Science Fiction in July 1952, theyre swarming all over Carron City. Theyre stopping robots in the streets--household Robs, commercial Droids, all of them, Lucasfilm registered droid as a trademark in 1977. The term Droid has been used by Verizon Wireless under licence from Lucasfilm, motorolas late-2009 Google Android-based cell phone is called the Droid. The term was used for the Lucasfilm projects EditDroid, a non-linear editing system, and SoundDroid
22.
Kenny Baker (English actor)
–
Kenneth George Kenny Baker was an English actor and musician. He is best remembered for portraying the character R2-D2 in the Star Wars science fiction movie franchise, Baker was born and educated in Birmingham, Warwickshire, and at a boarding school in Kent. He was the son of Ethel, a pianist and dress maker, and Harold Baker and he went to live with his father, stepmother and half-sister in Hastings, Sussex. Although his parents were of height, Baker stood 3 ft 8 in as an adult. In 1951 Baker was approached on the street by a woman who invited him to join a troupe of dwarves. This was his first taste of show business, later, he joined a circus for a brief time, learned to ice skate and appeared in many ice shows. He formed a comedy act called the Minitones with entertainer Jack Purvis. While working with Purvis and the Minitones, Baker was selected by George Lucas to operate the robot R2-D2 in the fiction feature film Star Wars. Baker recalled that he turned down the role. Baker appears as R2-D2 in six of the episodic theatrical Star Wars films, and played a role in 1983s Return of the Jedi as Paploo. He was originally going to play Wicket, but he fell ill and he revealed a feud between him and his co-star Anthony Daniels, claiming Daniels had been rude to him on numerous occasions, and stated that Daniels is rude to everyone, including fans. Baker continued his association with the R2-D2 character in Star Wars, The Force Awakens and he was going to be a member of the cast, but he served as consultant for the character instead. In November 2015 it was confirmed that Jimmy Vee was cast as R2-D2 in Star Wars, The Last Jedi, bakers other films include The Elephant Man, Time Bandits, Willow, Flash Gordon, Amadeus and Jim Hensons Labyrinth. On television, he appeared in the British medical drama Casualty and he also had a part in the BBC production of The Chronicles of Narnia. In the late 1990s, Baker launched a brief stand-up comedy career and he played Casanova in the 1993 movie U. F. O. In November 2009, his biography, From Tiny Acorns, The Kenny Baker Story, was written with Ken Mills and he was married to actress Eileen Baker from 1970 until she died in 1993. Although Eileen also had dwarfism, this was not inherited by their two children, Baker was invited to attend the premiere of Star Wars, The Force Awakens in Los Angeles in December 2015, but was too ill to travel to the US. He had been suffering from a condition for years
