Apomorphy and synapomorphy
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In phylogenetics, an apomorphy is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form. A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized
Phylogenies showing the terminology used to describe different patterns of ancestral and derived character or trait states.
Terrestrial locomotion
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Terrestrial locomotion is the method of movement of an organism on land. Organisms employ many different methods of movement for a variety of reasons.
Apomorphy and synapomorphy
…In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles…
The velvet worm (Onychophora)
A jumping kangaroo.
Helix pomatia crawling over a razor blade. Terrestrial gastropods crawl on a layer of mucus. This adhesive locomotion allows them to crawl over sharp objects.
The pangolin Manis temminckii in defensive position.