The April 1555 papal conclave was convoked after the death of Pope Julius III. The cardinals at the conclave generally grouped themselves into three major factions, according to their alignment with t
Rodolfo Pio di Savoia, often referred to as Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, was an Italian cardinal, humanist and patron of the arts. The nephew of a diplomat, he himself became a diplomat by the age of thirty,
Portrait by Francesco de' Rossi, c. 1549
Roman marble bas-relief in the gardens of the Villa Carpi, drawn by the French visitor Pierre Jacques, ca. 1576 (Bibliothèque Nationale)
The so-called Capitoline Brutus, a bronze portrait head, glass-inlaid bone eyes, possibly late 4th to early 3rd centuries BC; bust is later