Ashlar
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Ashlar is cut and dressed stone worked to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular; a structure built from such stones; and the look created by the dressing technique. Ashlar stone may be dry la
Dry ashlar masonry laid in parallel courses on an Inca wall at Machu Picchu
Ashlar masonry north gable of Banbury Town Hall, Oxfordshire
Quarry-faced red Longmeadow sandstone in random ashlar was specified by architect Henry Hobson Richardson for the North Congregational Church (Springfield, Massachusetts, 1871).
Rustication (architecture)
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Rustication refers to a range of masonry techniques used in classical architecture giving visible surfaces a finish texture that contrasts with smooth, squared-block masonry called ashlar. The visible
Ashlar
…ashlar masonry is capable of requiring only very thin joints between blocks, and the exposed face of the stone may be smoothly polished, quarry-faced, rusticated, or tooled for decorative effect; an example of the latter is "mason's drag", where a metal comb is used to cut small grooves, usually on softer stones…
Two different styles of rustication in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi in Florence; smooth-faced above and rough-faced below
Extreme Mannerist "cyclopian" rustication at the Palace of Fontainebleau
Illustration to Serlio, rusticated doorway of the type now called a Gibbs surround, 1537
Courtyard of Somerset House in London, mostly smooth-faced "V" joints, but with vermiculated square blocks around the Gibbs surround to the door