Damage caused by the Tunguska event. The object was 50–80 meters (160–260 ft) across and exploded 6–10 km (3.7–6.2 mi) above the surface; its explosion flattened 30 million trees and shattered windows hundreds of kilometers away.

Frequency of small asteroids roughly 1 to 20 meters in diameter impacting Earth's atmosphere.

In a similar manner to the earlier pipes filled with a partial pressure of helium, as used in the Ivy Mike test of 1952, the 1954 Castle Bravo test was likewise heavily instrumented with line-of-sight (LOS) pipes, to better define and quantify the timing and energies of the x-rays and neutrons produced by these early thermonuclear devices. One of the outcomes of this diagnostic work resulted in this graphic depiction of the transport of energetic x-ray and neutrons through a vacuum line, some 2.3

This early Asteroid Redirect Mission artist's impression is suggestive of another method of changing a large threatening celestial body's orbit by capturing relatively smaller celestial objects and using those, and not the usually proposed small bits of spacecraft, as the means of creating a powerful kinetic impact, or alternatively, a stronger faster acting gravitational tractor, as some low-density asteroids such as 253 Mathilde can dissipate impact energy.

Diagram of 2024 YR4's orbit

Europa Clipper spacecraft best 140912jpg

Trifid and Lagoon nebulae