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History
Ball joint
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In an automobile, ball joints are spherical bearings that connect the control arms to the steering knuckles, and are used on virtually every automobile made. They bionically resemble the ball-and-socket joints found in most tetrapod animals.
A typical ball joint with cutaway view (right)
A typical ball joint with cutaway view (right)
An inner tie rod end cut open to expose the ball joint.
An inner tie rod end cut open to expose the ball joint.
Rear wheel drive vehicle, front double wishbone suspension with upper and lower ball joints and tie rod end shown.
Rear wheel drive vehicle, front double wishbone suspension with upper and lower ball joints and tie rod end shown.
A SRJ024C-P Spherical Rolling Joint
A SRJ024C-P Spherical Rolling Joint
Caster angle
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The caster angle or castor angle is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car, motorcycle, bicycle, other vehicle or a vessel, as seen from the side of the vehicle. The steering axis in a car with dual ball joint suspension is an imaginary line that runs through the center of the upper ball joint to the center of the lower ball joint, or through the center of the kingpin for vehicles having a kingpin.
Front suspension of a race car‍— the caster angle is formed by the line between upper and lower ball joint
Front suspension of a race car‍— the caster angle is formed by the line between upper and lower ball joint
An example of a chopper with a raked fork at an extreme caster angle
An example of a chopper with a raked fork at an extreme caster angle